简介：

简介：Splanchniccirculationistheprimarymechanismthatregulatesvolumesofcirculatingbloodandsystemicbloodpressureinpatientswithcirrhosisaccompaniedbyportalhypertension.Recently,interesthasbeenexpressedinmodulatingsplanchniccirculationinpatientswithlivercirrhosis,becausethiscapabilitymightproducebeneficialeffectsincirrhoticpatientsundergoingalivertransplant.Pharmacologicmodulationofsplanchniccirculationbyuseofvasoconstrictorsmightminimizevenouscongestion,replenishcentralbloodflow,andthusoptimizemanagementofbloodvolumeduringalivertransplantoperation.Moreover,splanchnicmodulationminimizesanyhighportalbloodflowthatmayoccurfollowingliverresectionandthesubsequentlivertransplant.Thiseffectissignificant,becausehighportalflowimpairsliverregeneration,andthusadverselyaffectsthepostoperativerecoveryofatransplantpatient.Anincreaseinportalbloodflowcanbeminimizedbyeithersurgicalmethods（e.g.,splenicarteryligation,splenectomyorportocavalshunting）oradministrationofsplanchnicvasoconstrictordrugssuchasVasopressinorterlipressin.Finally,modulationofsplanchniccirculationcanhelpmaintainperioperativerenalfunction.Splanchnicvasoconstrictorssuchasterlipressinmayhelpprotectagainstacutekidneyinjuryinpatientsundergoinglivertransplantationbyreducingportalpressureandtheseverityofahyperdynamicstate.Theseeffectsareespeciallyimportantinpatientswhoreceiveatoosmallforsizegraft.TerlipressinselectivelystimulatesV1receptors,andthuscausesarteriolarvasoconstrictioninthesplanchnicregion,withaconsequentshiftofbloodfromsplanchnictosystemiccirculation.Asaresult,terlipressinenhancesrenalperfusionbyincreasingbotheffectivebloodvolumeandmeanarterialpressure.

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatstraininjuriesoccurthroughtheexcessivelengtheningofamuscle.~(1–3)However,theprecisemechanismforstraininjuryremainselusiveandhasbeenthesubjectofrecentdebateintheJournalofSportandHealthScience,~(4–9)butitseemssensibletoconsidermechanismsatthelevelofthemusclefiber.Itwaspreviouslybelievedthatdamagewastheresultofnon-uniformstretchingofsarcomeres

简介：

简介：联系精索静脉曲张的男不孕古典主义地用外科被管理了或帮助了繁殖技术。与在联系精索静脉曲张的不孕作为一个pathophysiological因素增加氧化应力的证据，医药治疗特别抗氧化剂可能与更低的风险成为一种治疗选择。我们在归因于精索静脉曲张的男不孕的管理在各种各样的医药代理人的角色上考察了存在文学。医药治疗典型地与外科对药治疗作为辅助治疗与安慰剂，药对手术的(b)比较，和药的(c)比较处于象二药或一药的(a)比较那样的三种不同状况被评估独自一个。由于数据的异质和进行得好的研究的缺乏，有不够的数据与联系精索静脉曲张的不孕为人推荐医药治疗的平淡的使用，外科仍然是选择的处理。怀孕和实时出生率通常没在精子参数在大多数研究和仅仅的改进被报导或抗氧化剂能力是不够的支持它的平淡的使用。抗氧化剂治疗由于它的理论利益，从现出症状之前的潜的研究的数据，和主要副作用的缺乏是一种潜在的选择。有在精索静脉曲张的外科的修理以后的抗氧化剂的辅助治疗可以改进结果并且是为进一步的研究的一个潜在的区域。

简介：Inthispaper,thenonlinearstationarywavesforcedbytopographyanddiabaticheatingareinvestigated.Itispointedoutthat(1)thenonlinearinteractionofdifferentstationarywavesforcedonlybytopographymightformdipoleblockingintheatmosphere,thismightexplainthedipoleblockingappearedinthePacificandAtlanticregions;(2)thedipoleblockingcouldnotbecausedbythenonlinearinteractionofthedifferentstationarywavesforcedbythediabaticheatingalone;(3)thenonlinearinteractionofthediffferentstationarywavesforcedbybothtopographyanddiabaticheatingcouldinitiatedipoleblockingintheatmosphere.Inwinter,thedipoleblockingmainlyoccursinthewestregionsofthePacificandtheAtlantic,andtheheatsourceoverthewesternpartofthetwooceansisadvantageoustotheformationofdipoleblockinginthewestoftwooceans.However,insummer,thedipoleblockingcouldbeformedintheeastpartofthetwooceans,andtheheatsourceovertheeastern

简介：Livercancer,primarilyhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC),isamajorcauseofcancer-relateddeathworldwide.HCCisasuitablemodelofinflammation-inducedcancerbecausemorethan90%ofHCCcasesarecausedbyliverdamageandchronicinflammation.Severalinflammatoryresponsepathways,suchasNF-κBandJAK/STAT3signalingpathways,playrolesinthecrosstalkbetweeninflammationandHCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)areevolutionarilyconserved,shortendogenous,non-codingsingle-strandedRNAsthatareinvolvedinvariousbiologicalandpathologicalprocessesbyregulatinggeneexpressionandproteintranslation.EvidenceshowedthatmiRNAsplayapivotalroleinhepatitisvirusinfectionandserveaspromotersorinhibitorsofinflammatoryresponse.AberrantmiRNAwasobservedduringliverinflammationandHCC.ManydysregulatedmiRNAsmodulatetheinitiationandprogressionofinflammation-inducedHCC.ThisreviewsummarizestheroleandfunctionsofmiRNAsininflammation-associatedHCC,aswellasthedesignedtherapeuticstargetingmiRNAstotreatliverinflammationandHCC.

简介：细胞间的通讯是通过从房间的膜蛋白质的交换的分子的信息转移的一个重要工具到房间。来临最近分析并且成像工具允许我们通过未经触动的膜补丁的细胞间的交换提高我们细胞的通讯的理解，也叫了trogocytosis，它是无所不在的现象。对病原体或任何外国抗原的有免疫力的回答要求好有免疫力的规定，在细胞的通讯被可溶的任何一个或房间表面分子调停的地方。膜分子在有免疫力的房间例如之间转，这被表明了树枝状并且T房间能通过internalization/recycling小径，联系分离的小径，exosomes的举起和膜nanotube被导出形成。最近的证据含有是的trogocytosis免疫系统到的重要机制调制有免疫力的回答。在有免疫力的房间之间的膜分子/抗原的交换很长时间被观察了，但是机制和这些转移的功能的后果仍然保持不清楚。在这评论，我们讨论trogocytosis和它的生理的关联的可能的机制到免疫系统，与T房间和回答从有获得的树枝状的房间膜分子的T房间导出的stimulatory或镇压免疫者的特殊参考。

简介：

简介：Increasedabdominalimaginghasledtoanincreaseinthedetectionoftheincidentalsmallrenalmass(SRM).WithincreasingrecognitionthatthemalignantpotentialofSRMsisheterogeneous,rangingfrombenign(15%-20%)toaggressive(20%),enthusiasmformoreconservativemanagementstrategiesintheelderlyandinfirmed,suchasactivesurveillance(AS),havegrownconsiderably.AsthemanagementoftheSRMevolvestoincorporateablativetechniquesandASforlowriskdisease,theroleofrenalmassbiopsy(RMB)tohelpguideindividualizedtherapyisevolving.Historically,theroleofRMBwaslimitedtotheevaluationofsuspectedmetastaticdisease,renalabscess,orlymphoma.However,inthecontemporaryera,theroleofbiopsyhasgrown,mostnotablytoidentifypatientswhoharborbenignlesionsandforwhomtreatment,particularlytheelderlyorfrail,maybeavoided.WhenperformingaRMBtoguideinitialclinicaldecisionmakingforsmall,localizedtumors,themostrelevantquestionsareoftenrelegatedtoproofofmalignancyanddocumentation(ifpossible)ofgrade.However,significantintratumoralheterogeneityhasbeenidentifiedinclearcellrenalcellcarcinoma(ccRCC)thatmayleadtoanunderestimationofthegeneticcomplexityofatumorwhensingle-biopsyproceduresareused.HeterogeneousgenomiclandscapesandbranchedparallelevolutionofccRCCswithspatiallyseparatedsubclonescreatesanillusionofclonaldominancewhenassessedbysinglebiopsiesandraisesimportantquestionsregardinghowtumorscanbeoptimallysampledandwhetherfutureevolutionarytumorbranchesmightbepredictableandultimatelytargetable.Thisworkraisesprofoundquestionsconcerningthegeneticlandscapeofcancerandhowtumorheterogeneitymayaffect,andpossiblyconfound,targeteddiagnosticandtherapeuticinterventions.Inthisreview,wediscussthecurrentroleofRMB,theimplicationsoftumorheterogeneityondiagnosticaccuracy,andhighlightpromisingfuturedirections.

简介：当一个其他的精力极大地被赞成了，在有增强的油的最近的年里定价简历柴油机。与为简历柴油机工业的增加的发烧，便宜甘油将在大块被供应。在简历柴油机生产期间，一吨甘油将在获得的每十台大量简历柴油机上被生产，这被学习，它将在生产企业的传统的甘油上有大影响，宣布生产植物的许多传统的甘油关机。便宜副产品甘油的增加的供应将不可避免地作为化工物品用甘油刺激工业的蓬勃发展的发展。

简介：

简介：瞄准：在与足够的胆汁的排水在胆汁郁积的病人减少胆管炎在以后决定ciprofloxacin的角色内视镜后退cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)。方法：A使随机化的、控制试用在Rajavithi医院在48个胆汁郁积的病人被执行(ERCP的第三级的工作分派中心：600个案例每年)。所有48个病人在开始任何过程前为30min收到了200mgciprofloxacin静脉注射，然后随机在二个组被划分。在学习的22个病人在ERCP以后组织不断地收到的ciprofloxacin直到48h。胆汁的阻塞的原因，胆汁和血的细菌学(在胆管炎)并且临床的胆管炎被记录。结果：48个病人被注册并且划分了成连续ciprofloxacin治疗组(n=22)并且不连续的ciprofloxacin治疗组(n=26)。在ERCP期间，石头在5个病人在22个病人，在24个病人的恶性病和另外的病理学的损害被发现。谁的22个病人的(4.5%)收到了ciprofloxacin，(6.3%)2在ERCP以后中止了ciprofloxacin的26个病人开发了胆管炎(相对风险=0.71；95%CI=0.14-3.65；P=0.88)。Bacterobilia在27被发现(56.3%)从48个病人。E。关口i和链球菌青绿色的ans是最普通的有机体。结论：在有在足够的胆汁的排水过程以后的胆汁郁积的病人的ciprofloxacin的不断的使用不在减少胆管炎起作用。

简介：

简介：Stableisotopesofmostimportantbiologicalelements,suchasC,H,NandO,affectlivingorganisms.Inrapidlygrowingspecies,deuteriumandtoalesserextentotherheavyisotopesreducethegrowthrate.Atleastfordeuteriumitisknownthatitsdepletionalsonegativelyimpactsthespeedofbiologicalprocesses.Asarule,livingorganisms'resist'changesintheirisotopicenvironment,preferringnaturalisotopicabundances.Thispreferencecouldbeduetoevolutionaryoptimization;anadditionaleffectcouldbeduetothepresenceofthe'isotopicreso-nance'.Theisotopicresonancephenomenonhasbeenlinkedtothechoiceofearliestaminoacids,andthusaffectedtheevolutionofgeneticcode.Totesttheisotopicresonancehypothesis,literaturedatawereanalyzedagainstquantitativeandqualitativepredictionsofthehypothesis.Fourstudiesprovidedfiveindependentdatasets,eachinverygoodquantitativeagreementwiththepredictions.Thus,theisotopicresonancehypothesisisnolongersimplyplausible;itcannowbedeemedlikely.Additionaltestingisneeded,however,beforefullacceptanceofthishypothesis.

简介：Inthispaper,weanalyzedtheOneFoundationsreliefandreconstructionactivitiesaftertheYaanearthquake.TheanalysisshowsthattheparticipationofNGOsindisasterreliefactivitieshasundergonedifferentstages.IntheJiujiangearthquake,NGOsparticipationwasintherudimentarystage.IntheWenchuanearthquake,theybecameoneoftheactiveparticipants.IntheYaanearthquake,theyplayedanactiverolethroughacooperationmechanism.ThatmeansNGOshavehadthecapabilityofresourcemobilizationandcooperationwiththemwillimprovedisastermanagementcapacities,especiallyinthenationalsignificantseismicmonitoringandprotectionregions.

简介：Ricefieldsareecosystemswithmanytypesofplants,microbes,invertebrates,birdsandanimals.Thericefarmingprotectsthebiodiversityoftheregionandmaintainstheecosystemforthebenefitofenvironment.Somericevarietiesreleasebiocidalallelochemicalswhichmightaffectmajorweeds,microbialandpathogenicdiversityaroundriceplants,evensoilcharacteristics.Alargenumberofcompoundssuchasphenolicacids,fattyacids,indolesandterpeneshavebeenidentifiedinricerootexudatesanddecomposingriceresidues,asputativeallelochemicalswhichcaninteractwithsurroundingenvironment.Sincetheseallelopathicinteractionsmaybepositive,theycanbeusedaseffectivecontributorforsustainableandeco-friendlyagro-productionsystem.Geneticmodificationofcropplantstoimprovetheirallelopathicpropertiesandenhancementofdesirabletraitshasbeensuggested.Developmentofcropswithenhancedallelopathictraitsbygeneticmodificationshouldbedonecautiously,keepinginviewoftheecologicalriskassessment(non-toxicandsafeforhumansandecosystem,cropproductivity,ratioofbenefitandcost,etc.).