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简介：Adiponectin(APN),anadipokineproducedbyadipocytes,hasbeenshowntohaveacriticalroleinthepathogenesisofobesityassociatedmalignancies.Throughitsreceptorinteractions,APNmayexertitsanti-carcinogeniceffectsincludingregulatingcellsurvival,apoptosisandmetastasisviaaplethoraofsignallingpathways.Despitethestrongevidencesupportingthisnotion,someworkmayindicateotherwise.Ourreviewaddressesallcontroversiescritically.Onthewhole,hypoadiponectinaemiaisassociatedwithincreasedriskofseveralmalignanciesandpoorprognosis.Inaddition,variousgeneticpolymorphismsmaypredisposeindividualstoincreasedriskofobesity-associatedmalignancies.WealsoprovideanupdatedsummaryontherapeuticinterventionstoincreaseAPNlevelsthatareofkeyinterestinthisfield.TodateeffortstomanipulateAPNlevelshavebeenpromising,butmuchworkremainstobedone.

简介：Thecombinationofradiotherapy(RT)andfunction-preservingsurgeryisthemostusualcontemporaryapproachinthemanagementofsofttissuesarcomas(STS).Pre-andpostoperativeRTresultinsimilarlocalcontrolrates,asshownbyalandmarktrialinextremitySTS.Inthisreview,theroleofRTinthemanagementofextremitySTSwillbediscussed,butSTSinothersites,includingretroperitonealSTS,willalsobeaddressed.ThefocuswillconsidervariousaspectsofRTincludingstrategiestoreducethevolumeoftissuebeingirradiated,dose,scheduling,andthepossibleofomissionofRTinselectedcases.Finally,technologyadvancesthroughtheuseofintensity-modulatedradiotherapy(IMRT),image-guidedIMRT,intraoperativeradiotherapy(IORT)andparticletherapywillalsobediscussed.

简介：Livercancer,primarilyhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC),isamajorcauseofcancer-relateddeathworldwide.HCCisasuitablemodelofinflammation-inducedcancerbecausemorethan90%ofHCCcasesarecausedbyliverdamageandchronicinflammation.Severalinflammatoryresponsepathways,suchasNF-κBandJAK/STAT3signalingpathways,playrolesinthecrosstalkbetweeninflammationandHCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)areevolutionarilyconserved,shortendogenous,non-codingsingle-strandedRNAsthatareinvolvedinvariousbiologicalandpathologicalprocessesbyregulatinggeneexpressionandproteintranslation.EvidenceshowedthatmiRNAsplayapivotalroleinhepatitisvirusinfectionandserveaspromotersorinhibitorsofinflammatoryresponse.AberrantmiRNAwasobservedduringliverinflammationandHCC.ManydysregulatedmiRNAsmodulatetheinitiationandprogressionofinflammation-inducedHCC.ThisreviewsummarizestheroleandfunctionsofmiRNAsininflammation-associatedHCC,aswellasthedesignedtherapeuticstargetingmiRNAstotreatliverinflammationandHCC.

简介：Increasedabdominalimaginghasledtoanincreaseinthedetectionoftheincidentalsmallrenalmass(SRM).WithincreasingrecognitionthatthemalignantpotentialofSRMsisheterogeneous,rangingfrombenign(15%-20%)toaggressive(20%),enthusiasmformoreconservativemanagementstrategiesintheelderlyandinfirmed,suchasactivesurveillance(AS),havegrownconsiderably.AsthemanagementoftheSRMevolvestoincorporateablativetechniquesandASforlowriskdisease,theroleofrenalmassbiopsy(RMB)tohelpguideindividualizedtherapyisevolving.Historically,theroleofRMBwaslimitedtotheevaluationofsuspectedmetastaticdisease,renalabscess,orlymphoma.However,inthecontemporaryera,theroleofbiopsyhasgrown,mostnotablytoidentifypatientswhoharborbenignlesionsandforwhomtreatment,particularlytheelderlyorfrail,maybeavoided.WhenperformingaRMBtoguideinitialclinicaldecisionmakingforsmall,localizedtumors,themostrelevantquestionsareoftenrelegatedtoproofofmalignancyanddocumentation(ifpossible)ofgrade.However,significantintratumoralheterogeneityhasbeenidentifiedinclearcellrenalcellcarcinoma(ccRCC)thatmayleadtoanunderestimationofthegeneticcomplexityofatumorwhensingle-biopsyproceduresareused.HeterogeneousgenomiclandscapesandbranchedparallelevolutionofccRCCswithspatiallyseparatedsubclonescreatesanillusionofclonaldominancewhenassessedbysinglebiopsiesandraisesimportantquestionsregardinghowtumorscanbeoptimallysampledandwhetherfutureevolutionarytumorbranchesmightbepredictableandultimatelytargetable.Thisworkraisesprofoundquestionsconcerningthegeneticlandscapeofcancerandhowtumorheterogeneitymayaffect,andpossiblyconfound,targeteddiagnosticandtherapeuticinterventions.Inthisreview,wediscussthecurrentroleofRMB,theimplicationsoftumorheterogeneityondiagnosticaccuracy,andhighlightpromisingfuturedirections.

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简介：Mesenchymalstromalcells(MSCs)areadultmultipotentstemcellsresidingaspericytesinvarioustissuesandorganswheretheycandifferentiateintospecializedcellstoreplacedyingcellsanddamagedtissues.Thesecellsarecommonlyfoundatinjurysitesandintumorsthatareknowntobehavelike'woundsthatdonotheal.'Inthisarticle,wediscussthemechanismsofMSCsinmigrating,homing,andrepairinginjuredtissues.WealsoreviewanumberofreportsshowingthattumormicroenvironmenttriggersplasticitymechanismsinMSCstoinducemalignantneoplastictissueformation,maintenance,andchemoresistance,aswellastumorgrowth.TheantitumorpropertiesandtherapeuticpotentialofMSCsarealsodiscussed.

简介：Advancedgastriccancer(GC)hasbeenrecognizedaslethaldiseasewhenperitonealmetastases(PM)occurred.ThereisnostandardtreatmentforadvancedGCwithPM.Until1980s,thetherapeuticarenaforthesepatientshadremainedstagnant,withnotherapeuticapproachhavingshownasurvivalgaininGCwithPM.However,cytoreductivesurgery(CRS)withperitonectomyproceduresandintraperitonealchemotherapy(IPC)promisingnewcombinedtherapeuticapproachtoachievediseasecontrolforGCwithPM.TherecentpublicationschangedtheGCwithPMtreatmentlandscapebyprovidinganevidencethatCRSandIPCledtoprolongationinoverallsurvival(OS).ThisreviewwillprovideanoverviewoftheevolvingroleofCRSandIPCinthemanagementofadvancedGCwithPMinthecurrentera.

简介：Objective:Toexploretheroleofthetexturefeaturesofimagesinthediagnosisofsolitarypulmonarynodules(SPNs)indifferentsizes.Materialsandmethods:Atotalof379patientswithpathologicallyconfirmedSPNswereenrolledinthisstudy.TheyweredividedintothreegroupsbasedontheSPNsizes:≤10,11-20,and>20mm.Theirtexturefeaturesweresegmentedandextracted.ThedifferencesintheimagefeaturesbetweenbenignandmalignantSPNswerecompared.TheSPNsinthesethreegroupsweredeterminedandanalyzedwiththetexturefeaturesofimages.Results:These379SPNsweresuccessfullysegmentedusingthe2DOtsuthresholdmethodandtheself-adaptivethresholdsegmentationmethod.ThetexturefeaturesoftheseSPNswereobtainedusingthemethodofgreylevelco-occurrencematrix(GLCM).Ofthese379patients,120hadbenignSPNsand259hadmalignantSPNs.Theentropy,contrast,energy,homogeneity,andcorrelationwere3.5597±0.6470,0.5384±0.2561,0.1921±0.1256,0.8281±0.0604,and0.8748±0.0740inthebenignSPNsand3.8007±0.6235,0.6088±0.2961,0.1673±0.1070,0.7980±0.0555,and0.8550±0.0869inthemalignantSPNs(allP<0.05).Thesensitivity,specificity,andaccuracyofthetexturefeaturesofimageswere83.3%,90.0%,and86.8%,respectively,forSPNssized≤10mm,andwere86.6%,88.2%,and87.1%,respectively,forSPNssized11-20mmand94.7%,91.8%,and93.9%,respectively,forSPNssized>20mm.Conclusions:Theentropyandcontrastofmalignantpulmonarynoduleshavebeendemonstratedtobehigherincomparisontothoseofbenignpulmonarynodules,whiletheenergy,homogeneitycorrelationofmalignantpulmonarynodulesarelowerthanthoseofbenignpulmonarynodules.Thetexturefeaturesofimagescanreflectthetissuefeaturesandhavehighsensitivity,specificity,andaccuracyindifferentiatingSPNs.ThesensitivityandaccuracyincreaseforlargerSPNs.更多还原

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简介：Survivalratesformetastaticlungcancer,includingnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)andsmallcelllungcancer(SCLC),arepoorwith5-yearsurvivalsoflessthan5%.Theimmunesystemhasanintricateandcomplexrelationshipwithtumorigenesis;agroundswellofresearchontheimmunesystemisleadingtogreaterunderstandingofhowcancerprogressesandpresentingnewwaystohaltdiseaseprogress.Duetotheextraordinarypoweroftheimmunesystem—withitscapacityformemory,exquisitespecificityandcentralanduniversalroleinhumanbiology—immunotherapyhasthepotentialtoachievecomplete,long-lastingremissionsandcures,withfewsideeffectsforanycancerpatient,regardlessofcancertype.Asaresult,arangeofcancertherapiesareunderdevelopmentthatworkbyturningourownimmunecellsagainsttumors.Howeverdeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofimmunomodulationbytumorsiskeytothedevelopmentofeffectiveimmunotherapies,especiallyinlungcancer.

简介：Transforminggrowthfactor-β(TGF-β)isakeyfactorincancerdevelopmentandprogression.TGF-βcansuppresstumorigenesisbyinhibitingcellcycleprogressionandstimulatingapoptosisinearlystagesofcancerprogression.However,TGF-βcanmodulatecancer-relatedprocesses,suchascellinvasion,distantmetastasis,andmicroenvironmentmodificationthatmaybeusedbycancercellstotheiradvantageinlatestages.Correspondingmechanismsincludeangiogenesispromotion,anti-tumorimmunitysuppression,andepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransition(EMT)induction.ThecorrelationbetweenTGF-βexpressionandcancerprognosishasalsobeenextensivelyinvestigated.ResultssuggestthatTGF-βpathwaycanbetargetedtotreatcancer;assuch,thefeasibilityofthistreatmentisinvestigatedinclinicaltrials.

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简介：ＴＨＥＲＯＬＥＯＦＭＲＩＩＮＴＨＥＩＬＬＵＳＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＥＴＡＳＴＡＴＩＣＬＹＭＰＨＡＴＩＣＰＡＴＨＷＡＹＳＡＮＤＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＮＳＴＡＧＩＮＧＯＦＮＡＳＯＰＨＡＲＹＮＧＥＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＷｅｉＸｉｏｎｇ韦雄ＬｉＪｉａｎｊｕｎ李建军...

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