简介：<正>Ⅰ.BackgroundoftheEngagementofMediaandNGOsinChina’sPublicDiplomacyi.TheengagementofmediaandNGOsinChina’spublicdiplomacyemergedagainstthebackdropoftheprofoundchangestakenplaceinChinaoverthepastthreedecades.Morethanthreedecadesago,Chinainitiated

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：植物发展了复杂生物化学的机制从昆虫herbivory阻止威胁。最近的研究表明了在对上面的植物回答的根的一个重要角色扎根了herbivory(AGH)。根的参与是不可分的种抵抗和忍耐机制。根不仅由为各种各样的毒素的生合成充当地点在植物防卫起一个活跃作用并且而且由存储photoassimilates启用未来生长贡献忍耐。有有益的忍受土壤的微生物的根的相互作用也影响在植物和昆虫草食动物之间的相互作用的结果。Shoot-to-root通讯信号为对AGH的植物反应是批评的。在对AGH的植物反应的根的角色的更好的理解是必要的以便开发植物昆虫相互作用的一幅全面图画。这里，我们在对AGH的植物反应总结关于根的角色的研究的当前的地位并且也讨论涉及shoot-to-root通讯的可能的信号。

简介：

简介：TheconceptualideasaboutthepositiveeffectsofN-andO-heteroatomsonthereactivityofcarbonsingasificationprocesses,theircatalyticactivityinelectrontransferreactions,aswellastheperformanceoftheelectrodedouble-layersupercapacitorsduetotheirelectron-donatinginfluenceontheπ-conjugatedsystemofgraphenelayershavebeendeveloped.Thisinfluencedecreasesbothworkfunctionandbandgapofcarbons,andalsosignificantlyaffectstheirelectron-donatingproperties.AsaresultofourinvestigationsbasedonquantumchemicalcalculationsofmodelgrapheneclusterswithN-andO-heteroatomsindifferentpositions,prognosticdatahavebeenobtained.ThesedatahavebeenconfirmedbyourexperimentalresultsofcatalyticactivityofcorrespondingcarbonsinH2O2decompositionreaction,theirreactivityingasificationprocesses,andalsotheirperformanceaselectrodesinsupercapacitors.

简介：

简介：

简介：Theroleplayedbythediffractionfieldontheproblemofseismicsiteeffectsisstudied.ForthatpurposewesolveandanalyzesimplescatteringproblemsunderPandSVin-planewaveassumptions,usingtwowellknowndirectboundary-element-basednumericalmethods.Afterestablishingthedifferencebetweenscatteredanddiffractedmotions,andintroducingtheconceptofartificiousandphysicallybasedincomingfields,weobtaintheamplitudeoftheFourierspectraforthediffractedpartoftheresponse:thisisachievedafterestablishingtheconnectionbetweenthespatialdistributionofthetransferfunctionoverthestudiedsimpletopographiesandthediffractedfield.Fromthenumericalsimulationsitisobservedthatthisdiffractedpartoftheresponseisresponsiblefortheamplificationofthesurfacegroundmotionsduetothegeometriceffect.Furthermore,itisalsofoundthatthediffractionfieldsetsinafingerprintofthetopographiceffectinthetotalgroundmotions.Theseconclusionsarefurthersupportedbyobservationsinthetime-domainintermsofsnapshotsofthepropagationpatternsoverthecompletecomputationalmodel.Inthissensethegeometricsingularitiesareclearlyidentifiedassourcesofdiffractionandfortheconsideredrangeofdimensionlessfrequenciesitisevidentthatlargeramplificationsareobtainedforthegeometriescontainingalargernumberofdiffractionsourcesthusresultinginastrongertopographiceffect.Theneedforclosed-formsolutionsofcanonicalproblemstoconstructarobustanalysismethodbasedonthediffractionfieldisidentified.

简介：

简介：Thetsunamiwasasuddenmarinedisasters.Tsunamiwavescanquicklyspreadtonear-shoreandcausethedisasterafterthetsunami.Soitisveryimportantoftimelymonitoringandearlywarningofthetsunami.Afterseveralunsuccessfultsunamiforecasting,theUnitedStatesdevelopedtsunamibuoyspecificallyfortheearlydetectionoftsunamiwaves.Tsunamibuoycannotonlybeabletodisplayoccurrenceofthetsunami,itisrealtimedatabutalsobeassimilatedintothetsunamiwarningsystem,toimprovetheaccuracyofthetsunamiforecasting.Severaltsunamieventsintherecentfewyearshaveproventheimportantroleofthetsunamibuoys.Subsequently,thetsunamiwarningsystembasedontsunamibuoyswasintoregularoperation.ThesystemaccuratelypredictedtheresultsonMarch11,2011Japantsunamievent.StateOceanicAdministration(SOA),Chinaalsodeployed2tsunamibuoysintheSouthChinaSea(SCS),whichalsoplayedanimportantroleinthewarningprocessofJapantsunamionMarch11,2011.NationalMarineEnvironmentalForecastingCenter/StateOceanicAdministration(NMEFC/SOA)willcollaboratewithPacificMarineEnvironmentalLaboratory/NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(PMEL/NOAA)todevelopassimilationmethodmakinguseofrealtimedataoftsunamibuoyandbuildaforecastingsysteminSCSinthefuture.

简介：Theresultsofasimplecomputationalmodelfordifferentialsettlingarepresentedillustratingthesignificantrolethatparticlesizedistributionplaysincollisionfrequencyandsedimentationrateofparticlesinaquiescentenvironment.Themodeltracksalargenumberofparticles(order10~5)withlog-normallydistributeddiameters,astheysettleattheirStokessettlingvelocities.Particlecollisionsaredetectedandresultinlargerparticlesthatfallmorerapidly.Anumberofsimplifyingassumptionsaremadeinthemodelinordertoavoidempiricalcorrelationsforphenomenasuchascollisionefficiencyandparticleshape.Thesesimplifyingassumptionswereneededtoisolateandquantifytheroleoftheparticlesizedistribution.Simulatedconcentrationprofilesindicatethat,evenintheabsenceofcollisions,thestandarddeviation(σ_D)oftheparticlesizestronglyinfluencesthebulkmasssettlingrateas,forlargerσ_D,moremassisconcentratedinlarger,fasterfallingparticles.Thecollisionfrequencyisalsoastrongfunctionofσ_D.Foragivenmassconcentrationthecollisionfrequencyfirstincreaseslinearlywithincreasingσ_Dasgreatervariationinparticlesizeleadstogreatervariationinparticlevelocity,andshortertimesforparticlestocatcheachother.Forlargerσ_Dmoremassisconcentratedinlargerparticles,so,foragivenmassconcentration,therearefewerparticlesperunitvolume,increasingthemeandistancebetweentheparticlesandreducingthecollisionfrequency.Theimplicationsoftheseresultsforsedimentationmeasurementusingopticalattenuationtechniquesarediscussed.

简介：

简介：淋巴的系统在在人和动物模型装有免疫力的回答到外国抗原和肿瘤是重要的。肝生产大量淋巴，和它的淋巴的系统被划分成三个主要部件：门，sublobular和表面的淋巴管。尽管老鼠是最通常使用的实验室动物，对解剖地点的详细描述和排干肝的淋巴节点(行)的功能是令人惊讶地不在的。在这研究，我们发现门和邻近老鼠肝的腹的行在5-8min以内与Evans蓝色被染色。从肝的积极房间也排干进二上述的行的提高的绿荧光蛋白质(EGFP)。这些数据显示门和腹的行排干鼠标肝。识别的排干肝的行的Lymphadenectomy导致了肝炎B在免疫能力的老鼠的病毒(HBV)坚持与假冒的组相比。另外，CD8+T房间的频率和树枝状的房间(DC)在HBVplasmid的水动力学注射以后在排干肝的行显著地增加了。在HBV注射plasmid的老鼠的排干肝的行房间也在vitro与recombinant肝炎B核心抗原响应刺激显示出重要抗原特定的增长。进Rag1−/−老鼠的这些房间的采纳转移在uninjected老鼠与排干肝的行房间相比在肝炎B表面抗原(HBsAg)的浆液集中导致了减小。总的来说我们的数据描绘排干肝的行并且提供排干肝的行导致为HBV负责的anti-HBV-specific免疫者回答的证据清理。

简介：RelativerolesofEkmantransportandEkmanpumpingindrivingsummerupwellingintheSouthChinaSea(SCS)areexaminedusingQuikSCATscatterometerwinddata.ThemajorupwellingregionsintheSCSarethecoastalregionseastandsoutheastofVietnam(UESEV),eastandsoutheastofHainanIsland(UESEH),andsoutheastofGuangdongprovince(USEG).ItisshownthattheEkmantransportduetoalongshorewindsandEkmanpumpingduetooffshorewindstresscurlplaydifferentrolesinthethreeupwellingsystems.InUESEV,EkmanpumpingandEkmantransportareequallyimportantingeneratingupwelling.TheEkmantransportincreaseslinearlyfrom0.49SvinMayto1.23SvinAugust,whiletheEkmanpumpingincreasesfrom0.36to1.22Svduringthesameperiod.InUESEH,themeanestimatesofEkmantransportandEkmanpumpingare0.14and0.07Sv,respectively,indicatingthat33%ofthetotalwind-drivenupwellingisduetoEkmanpumping.InUSEG,themeanEkmantransportis0.041SvwiththepeakoccurringinJuly,whileEkmanpumpingismuchsmaller(0.003onaverage),indicatingthattheupwellinginthisareaisprimarilydrivenbyEkmantransport.Inthesummersof2003and2007followingElNio-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)events,bothEkmantransportandEkmanpumpingdecreaseinUESEVduetotheabnormallyweaksouthwestmonsoon.Duringthesameevents,however,EkmantransportisslightlyenhancedandEkmanpumpingisweakenedinUESEHandUSEG.