简介：AbstractBackground:Glioma is a common malignant brain tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the transcription factor SPI1 in glioma.Methods:SPI1 expression in glioma was identified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK8 assay. Transwell and wound healing assays were utilized to evaluate cell migration. Additionally, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry.Results:We observed that the expression level of SPI1 was up-regulated in glioma tissues, compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, we found that SPI1 is able to promote proliferation and migration of glioma cells in vitro. Flow cytometry results demonstrate that, compared to si-NC cells, si-SPI1 cells stagnated in the G1 phase, and downregulation of SPI1 expression is able to increase rates of apoptosis. Double luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results indicated that SPI1 can bind to the promoter sites and promote the proliferation and migration of glioma cells by regulating the expression of oncogenic PAICS.Conclusions:Our results suggest that SPI1 can promote proliferation and migration of glioma. Furthermore, SPI1 can be utilized as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for glioma.

简介：AbstractBackground:Sweat secreted by eccrine sweat glands is transported to the skin surface through the lumen. The eccrine sweat gland develops from the initial solid bud to the final gland structure with a lumen, but how the lumen is formed and the mechanism of lumen formation have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lumen formation of eccrine gland organoids (EGOs).Methods:Human eccrine sweat glands were isolated from the skin for tissue culture, and the primary cultured cells were collected and cultured in Matrigel for 14 days in vitro. EGOs at different development days were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to observe morphological changes and for immunofluorescence staining of proliferation marker Ki67, cellular motility marker filamentous actin (F-actin), and autophagy marker LC3B. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Ki67, F-actin, and LC3B. Moreover, apoptosis was detected using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit, and the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. In addition, 3-methyladenine (3MA) was used as an autophagy inhibitor to detect whether the formation of sweat glands can be effectively inhibited.Results:The results showed that a single gland cell proliferated rapidly and formed EGOs on day 4. The earliest lumen formation was observed on day 6. From day 8 to day 14, the rate of lumen formation in EGOs increased significantly. The immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses showed that the expression of Ki67 gradually decreased with the increase in days, while the F-actin expression level did not change. Notably, the expression of autophagy marker LC3B was detected in the interior cells of EGOs as the apoptosis signal of EGOs was negative. Compared with the control group, the autophagy inhibitor 3MA can effectively limit the formation rate of the lumen and reduce the inner diameter of EGOs.Conclusion:Using our model of eccrine gland 3D-reconstruction in Matrigel, we determined that autophagy rather than apoptosis plays a role in the lumen formation of EGOs.

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简介：在精子房间的膜修正在精子capacitation代表关键步；然而，这些修正的分子的基础充分没被理解。Ezrin是ezrin/radixin/merlin家庭的学习最好的成员。作为在外皮的细胞骨架和血浆膜蛋白质之间的cross-linker，ezrin贡献膜表面结构改变。而且，激活ezrin和Rho分离禁止者，RhoGDI，通过Rho激活支持外皮的cytoskeleton-polymerized肌动朊的形成。因此，ezrin，肌动朊，RhoGDI，Rho和血浆膜蛋白质在vivo形成一个复杂网络，它贡献膜表面的结构的集会。以前，我们证明ezrin和RhoGDI1在人的睾丸被表示。因此，我们寻求了决定ezrin鈥揜hoGDI1鈥揳c听鈥搈embrane蛋白质网络是否在人的精子capacitation有一个角色。我们由西方的污点的结果显示ezrin被threonine567残余的phosphorylation在capacitation期间激活。Co-immunoprecipitation研究表明在精子capacitation期间，在ezrin和RhoGDI1之间的相互作用增加，并且二维的电气泳动胶化的phosphostaining证明RhoGDI1是phosphorylated，建议RhoGDI1从RhoA分裂并且导致精子头上的肌动朊聚合。我们推测那激活的ezrin在capacitation以后与polymerized肌动朊和glycosylated膜蛋白质cd44交往。用ezrin特定或肌动朊特定的monoclonal抗体堵住精子capacitation减少他们的acrosome反应(AR)率，但是没独自在AR上有效果。一起拿，我们的结果证明由ezrin，RhoGDI1，RhoA，F肌动朊和膜蛋白质组成的一个网络工作影响在人的精子capacitation期间发生在精子头的膜上的修正。

简介：Ahallmarkofallformsofneurodegenerativediseasesisimpairmentofneuronalfunctions,andinmanycasesneuronalcelldeath.Althoughtheetiologyofneurodegenerativediseasesmaybedistinct,differentdiseasesdisplayasimilarpathogenesis,forexampleabnormalimmunitywithinthecentralnervoussystem(CNS),activationofmacrophage/microgliaandtheinvolvementofproinflammatorycytokines.Recentstudiesshowthatneuronsinaneurodegenerativestateundergoahighlyregulatedprogrammedcelldeath,alsocalledapoptosis.TNF-relatedapoptosis-inducingligand(TRAIL),amemberoftheTNFfamily,hasbeenshowntobeinvolvedinapoptosisduringmanydiseases.Asonememberofadeathligandfamily,TRAILwasoriginallythoughttotargetonlytumorcellsandwasnotpresentinCNS.However,recentdatashowedthatTRAILwasunregulatedinHIV-1-infectedandimmune-activatedmacrophages,amajordiseaseinducingcellduringHIV-1-associateddementia(HAD).TRAILisalsoinducedonneuronbyβ-amyloidprotein,animportantpathogenforAlzheimer'sdisease.Inthisreview,wesummarizethepossiblecommonaspectsthatTRAILinvolvedthoseneurodegenerativediseases,TRAILinducedapoptosissignalingintheCNScells,andspecificroleofTRAILinindividualdiseases.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2005;2(2):113-122.

简介：Aone-dimensionalfluidmodelforhomogeneousatmosphericpressurebarrierdischargesinheliumispresentedbyconsiderilagelementaryprocessesofexcitationandionizationincludingametastableatomeffect.Usingthismodelweinvestigatethebehavioursoftheheliummetastableatomsindischargesaswellastheirinfluenceonthedischargecharacteristics.Itisshownthatthemetastableatomswitharelativelyhighconcentrationduringthedischargearemainlyproducedintheactivephaseofthedischargeanddissolvedintheoffphase.Itisalsofoundthatthemetastableatomcollisionscannotonlyprovideseedelectronsfordischargesbutalsoinfluencetheconcentrationofions.Areductionofmatestableatomdensityresultsinadropinthechargedparticledensitiesandcausesaqualitativechangeinthedischargepatterns.

简介：Neuroendocrinetumors(NET)areaheterogeneousgroupofcancers,withindolentbehavior.Themostcommonprimaryoriginisthegastro-intestinaltractbutcanalsoappearinthelungs,kidneys,adrenals,ovariesandotherorgans.Ingeneral,NETisusuallydiscoveredinthemetastaticphase(40%-80%).Theliveristhemostcommonorganinvolvedwhenmetastasesoccur(40%-93%),followedbybone(12%-20%)andlung(8%-10%).Anumberofdifferenttherapeuticoptionsareavailableforthetreatmentofhepaticmetastasesincludingsurgicalresection,transplantation,ablation,trans-arterialchemoembolization,chemotherapyandsomatostatinanalogues.Recently,moleculartargetedtherapieshavebeenused,usuallyincombinationwithothertreatmentoptions,toimproveoutcomesinpatientswithmetastases.ThisarticleemphasizesontheroleofsurgeryinthetreatmentoflivermetastasesfromNET.

简介：由独立介绍混乱的四种基本类型进一个二维的三角形的格子，我们在结果的颤动决定混乱的每种类型的角色集体春天的网络。我们主要担心在波色子山峰和横向的Ioffe-Regel限制之间的波色子山峰和连接的起源。为混乱的所有类型，我们观察波色子山峰和Ioffe-Regel限制的出现。与增加混乱，波色子山峰频率BP,横向的Ioffe-Regel频率红外T,和纵的Ioffe-Regel频率红外L都减少。我们发现有二个方法让波色子山峰形成：发展从并且共存与(但是留下的独立人士)横向的货车胀起奇特没有并且与本地协作数字变化。仅仅当混乱是足够地强壮的并且引起本地协作的空间变化时，面对混乱，红外TBP,和红外TBP的一种单个类型数。而且如果没有位置的混乱，红外T红外L。因此，波色子山峰等价于横向的Ioffe-Regel限制的争论不是一般的。我们的结果两个都建议那本地协作数字和位置的混乱是必要的让争论成立，它实际上是为象在边际地堵塞的固体和结构的眼镜那样的很混乱的固体的盒子。我们进一步联合混乱的二种类型在本地协作数字和格子地点位置引起混乱。产生网络的震动的状态的密度类似于在边际地堵塞的固体的很好。然而，在波色子山峰之间的关系和横向的Ioffe-Regel限制仍然是不定的并且条件依赖者。因此，在混乱的不同类型之间的相互影响是复杂的，并且更多的深入的研究被要求整理它。

简介：AftermeetingsoftheUNMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)in2010,especiallytheRio+20SummitonSustainableDevelopment,therehavebeenincreasinglyfrequentdebatesonthepost-2015internationaldevelopmentagenda(hereinafterreferredtoas"thepost-2015agenda").FromMaytoJuly2013,theUNreleasedthreekeyreportsonthisissue.1InSeptember,the68thUNGeneral

简介：Weinvestigatethetargetandintensitydependenceofplateauinhigh-orderabovethresholdionization(HATI)bysimulatingthetwo-dimensional(2D)momentumdistributionsandtheenergyspectraofphotoelectronsinHATIofraregasatomsthroughusingthequantitativerescatteringmodel.Thesimulatedresultsarecomparedwiththeexistingexperimentalmeasurements.ItisfoundthattheslopeoftheplateauintheHATIphotoelectronenergyspectrumhighlydependsonthestructureofelasticscatteringdifferentialcrosssection(DCS)oflaser-inducedreturningelectronwithitsparention.Theinvestigationsofthelong-andshort-rangepotentialeffectsintheDCSsrevealthattheshort-rangepotential,whichreflectsthestructureofthetarget,playsanessentialroleingeneratingtheHATIphotoelectronspectra.

简介：Thelettersandvisitssystemisakindofsystemforhu-manrightsprotectionwithChinesecharacteristics.Thesystemhasmadetremendousachievementsinpromotingandsafeguardinghumanrightsandac-cumulatedrichexperienceintheprotectionofhumanrights.inthefuture,itwillcontinuouslyplayauniqueroleinChina’shumanrightsprotection.I.China’sLettersandVisitsSystemIsaSystemforHumanRightsProtectionSincetheUnitednationsGeneralassemblypassedtheUniversal

简介：Definitiveconclusionsconcerningtheimpactofexerciseinterventionsonchildren'smentalfunctioningaredifficulttoascertainbecauseofproceduraldifferencesamongstudies.Anarrativereviewofstudieswasconductedtoevaluatetheroleoftwotypesofexerciseinterventionsonchildren'scognition.Acuteandchronicexerciseinterventionswereclassifiedasquantitativeorqualitativeonthebasisofmanipulationsoftaskcomplexityand,byinference,mentalengagement.Bothtypesofinterventionsenhanceaspectsofchildren'scognition;however,theireffectsonmetacognitiveprocessesareunknown.Theroleofmetacognitiveprocessesandtheirregulationofchildren'sbehaviorandacademicperformancearehighlighted.

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简介：Code-switchingisasocio-linguisticterm,whichreferstotheswitchingfromonelanguagetoanother.Thispaperattemptstoshowthatcode-switchingcanbeusedasateachingstrategyforsecondlanguageteachingbyillustratingthepossiblereasonsfortheswitching.Italsoexploresthepossibilityofviewingcode-switchingaslanguageinterferenvefromateachingperspective.Inaccordancewiththeseanalysisthispapermakesaconclusionthatwhencode-switchingistocompensateforalanguagecifficultyitmaybeviewedasinterfernceandwhenitisusedasasocio-linguistictoolitbecomesastrategy.

简介：Ifsystolicanteriormotion(SAM)ofaredundantanteriorleafletofthemitralvalveiscombinedwithsystolicthickeningofanasymmetricseptum,(ASH),anarrowoutflowchanneloftheleftventricleisformed.Thisnarrowedoutflowchannelisthenresponsibleforthemidsystolicpressuredifferencebetweenthebodyoftheleftventricleandtheoutflowareaoftheleftventricle.Thisresultsinhypertrophic“obstructive”cardiomyopathy(HOCM).

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简介：ActivinA，转变生长因素贝它(TGF-)的一个多功能的因素总科，被microglia和巨噬细胞主要生产，并且它的反煽动性并且支持inflammatory活动是与巨噬细胞功能有关的两个。然而，在vivo的剩余的巨噬细胞上的activinA的直接效果仍然保持不清楚。在现在的学习，结果显示出那activinA不仅不增加了并且IL-1版本，而且在vitro并且在vivo的鼠标腹巨噬细胞的支持的吞噬细胞的能力，而它没影响MHC我和MHCII表示。而且，我们显著地发现那activinAupregulatedCD14和CD68的表情，成熟巨噬细胞的标记，在在vitro并且在vivo的巨噬细胞的表面上。这些数据建议activinA能在vitro并且在vivo导致主要巨噬细胞成熟，但是不能经由调整涉及抗原的表示的MHC分子的表示触发获得的有免疫力的反应。