简介：AnumberofresearchprogramshavebeenestablishedtoevaluatepotentialapplicationsofconstructedwetlandsinWesternAustralia.Theseconstructedwetlandsareknownnotonlyfortheirnutrientremovalcapability,butalsotheirroleinhabitatcreation,urbanlandscapingandwaterqualityandenvironmentalhealth.Theyplayanimportantroleinthereductionofnutrients,particularlyphosphorous,fromenteringthewaterways.ThispaperreportsontheimprovementofwaterqualityinthePeelMainDrainbeforeitsdisposalintothePeelEstuary,Perth,WesternAustralia.Thenitrogentophosphorous(N:P)ratiowasbelowthecriticallimitduringsummer(dryspell)andthesystemwaslimitedbynitrogen.Theconcentrationofphosphoruswashighinsummerandlowinwinterduetoincreasedavailabilityofdissolvedoxygeninwinter.AwetlandwasproposedtoimprovethewaterqualityinthePeelMainDrainusingvegetationandsubstrate.Thehydrologiceffectivenesswasfoundtobe78%foradetentiontimeof30hours.Itisexpectedthatthemaximumnitrogenremovalefficiencyoftheconstructedwetlandwillbe80%withanestimatedefficiencyof40%inthefirstyearand60-80%inthesubsequentyears.Forphosphorousitisexpectedthattheconstructedwetlandwillbeeffectiveinremovingfilterablereactivephosphorous.TraditionalsedimentremediationtechniqueshavebeenfoundunsuitableforthelongtermbindingofthephosphorousthereforetheuseofPhoslockTMisrecommended.

简介：

简介：Landscapeecologyandlandscapepatternanalysisareimportantcomponentsofnational-scaleprogramstoidentifytrendsinlandcoverchangebecause:1)Statisticsonchangesinlandcoverproportionsarenotspatial.AchangematrixderivedfromGISprovidesusefulinformation,butitdoesnotshowthespatialformofchangeinthelandscape.Landscapepatternmetricsrevealspatialpattern.2)Agrowingbodyofliteraturehasshownthatachangeinlandscapepatternmightindicateimportantchangesinecologicalfunctions:forestconnectivityandspeciesmovements,numberandsizeoffarmpatches,effectsonwaterquality.Spatialpatternisimportantinstructuringecologicalcommunitiesandinmaintainingexistenceofcompetitors.Spatialpatternmaybedeterminedbydisturbanceandmayinturn,determinehowdisturbancespropagatethroughthesystem.3)Sometimeslandscapepatternmaynotsignificantlychange,eventhoughlandcoverproportionsdochange.Or,vice-versa,sometimeslandscapepatterncansignificantlychange,eventhoughlandcoverproportionsdon'tsignificantlychange.4)Landscapepatternisaninherentandimportantpartofdescribinglandscapes:basedontheliterature,oneofthemostimportantdescriptivecharacteristicsofalandscapeisitstexture.Theobjectivesofthispaperareto:1)Explaintheimportanceoftheroleoflandscapeecologyandlandscapepatternanalysisinlandcoverchangestudies;2)Reviewtheliteraturethatspecificallyincorporateslandscapeecologyintolandcoverchangestudies;and3)Listthetheoreticalandtechnicalissuesinvolvedandsuggestsolutionsforthem.