简介：目的对开展国际防盲合作项目中实施项目管理方法进行探讨。方法采用回顾方法对国际防盲合作项目中项目管理方法进行分析。结果国际防盲合作项目中由于采用规范的项目管理，项目实施中无违规现象发生，从而保证防盲合作项目按时、超额完成项目目标，获得极佳项目社会影响并获得项目外方的首肯，项目将可持续发展。结论正确认识和规范国际防盲合作项目进行项目管理，有助于项目开展，合理地分配资源、推广应用项目成果，促成防盲合作项目的可持续发展，所以建立国际防盲合作项目管理体系是可行及必要的。

简介：AIM:Todescribethedesignandpreliminaryresultsofthehospitalbasedepidemiologicalstudyfordiabeticretinopathy(HBESDR),anongoingepidemiologicalstudytoestimatetheprevalenceofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)andtoelucidatetheclinical,anthropometric,biochemicalandanyotherriskfactorsassociatedwithdiabeticretinopathy.METHODS:Totally2000diabeteswillberecruitedfromtheDiabeteseyeclinicintheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversity.AllsubjectsunderwentbloodsugarestimationandOralGlucoseToleranceTesttodiagnosediabetes.Alldiabeteswouldundergocompletequestionnaire,acomprehensiveeyeexamination.Bloodandurinewouldbecollectedforbiochemicalinvestigations.AllfundusphotographsforanyDRwillbegraded.Participantswhoneedtreatmentwillbesenttotheophthalmicclinicandfollow-upintervalprogramforallsubjectswillbesuggested.Acomputerizeddatabaseiscreatedfortherecords.RESULTS:Todate,1174diabeteshavebeenrecruited,therewere350(29.81%)DRinalldiabetes,mostofthemwerewithmildnon-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)(139,39.71%);71(20.29%)moderateNPDR,66(18.86%)severeNPDR,74(21.14%)proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR).Females,longerdurationofdiabetes,familyhistoryofdiabetesandhypertensionhadastatisticallysignificantincreaseinriskofanyDR.CONCLUSION:ThestudyisexpectedtoprovideanestimateoftheoverallprevalenceofDRandtheprevalencewithdifferentdurationofdiabetesandalsoabetterunderstandingoftheriskfactorsassociatedwithDR.

简介：　　项目管理就是项目的管理者在有限的资源约束下,运用系统的观点、方法和理论,对项目涉及的全部工作进行有效的管理,以实现项目的目标.……

简介：<正>上海医科大学眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科主办的继续医学教育项目"青光眼诊治进展"学习班于1999.12.19～12.25在上海举办,来自贵州、广西、四川、浙江、江苏、福建、山东、辽宁、宁夏、湖北、上海等11个省、市自治区、直辖市的62名眼科医生正式注册参加了学习。学习班内容丰富,不但有青光眼常规药物、手术治疗的原则、技巧,术中、术后并发症的防治,用于青光眼诊断及随访的各种新型检测技术及仪器介绍,青光眼药物治

简介：结膜松弛症是老年人常见眼病，但一直为国内眼科医师所忽视，易造成误诊、漏诊。上海中医药大学附属普陀医院经过十几年的探索，对结膜松弛症的诊疗技术进行了系统研究，已经形成规范的诊疗方案。特举办国家级Ⅰ类（6分）继续教育项目“结膜松弛症的发病机制及手术治疗”（项目编号：20110702052）学习班，并系统演示结膜松弛症手术治疗录像、现场观摩手术。

简介：由海军总医院全军耳鼻咽喉头颈外科中心主办的激光技术在耳鼻咽喉微创外科中的应用学习班将于2009年9月1-4日在河南省焦作市举行。该学习班为国家级继续医学教育项目（编号：2009-07-01-083），授予Ⅰ类继续医学教育学分8分。联系方式：北京市海淀区阜成路6号海军总医院全军耳鼻咽喉头颈外科中心；

简介：目的探讨自我管理项目在门诊青光眼患者中的应用及效果。方法将112例门诊青光眼患者随机分为56例对照组、56例干预组。对照组给予门诊常规药物治疗和常规健康教育指导;干预组在门诊常规药物治疗基础上,进行自我管理项目干预,比较两组病人的自我管理行为、自我效能水平和生活质量。结果干预后12周,干预组自我管理行为、自我效能水平和生活质量显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论自我管理项目干预能提高青光眼患者自我管理行为、自我效能水平和生活质量。

简介：·AIM:Toinvestigatethetherapeuticeffectsofnanophtha-locyaninephotosensitizersonanexperimentalratchoroidalneovescularization(CNV)model,aswellastoevaluatethecytotoxicityofwhichonhumanretinalpigmentepithelia(HRPE)andhumanretinalendothelialcells(HRECs).·METHODS:Twotypesofphotosensitizers,G1-ZnPc(COOH)8andG1-ZnPc(COOH)8/mrespectively,wereadministratedforphotodynamictherapy(PDT)afterasuccessfulestablishmentofCNVmodelonBrown-Norway(BN)ratsviafundusphotocoagulation.Thetherapeuticeffectsofthetwodrugswereassessedthroughopticalcoherencetomography(OCT),fluoresceinfundusangiography(FFA)andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM).Forcytotoxicitytests,cellcountingkit-8(CCK-8)assaysandchangesofmitochondrialtransmembranepotential(△Ψm)wereconductedonHRPEandHRECsafterinitialuptakeofthetwodrugs.·RESULTS:Bothphotosensitizersdemonstratedanimprove-mentofvascularleakageandclosureofCNV1weekafterPDTasconfirmedbyfundusimage,OCT,FFAandTEM.TwoweeksafterPDT,G1-ZnPc(COOH)8/mshowedabetterCNVclosureeffectversusG1-ZnPc(COOH)8(P<0.05).Asignificantdifference(P<0.01)wasfoundinuptakeofthetwodrugsinHRPEandHRECs,withnodifferencebetweenthedrugs(P>0.05).BothphotosensitizersshowedcytotoxicityonHRPE,butG1-ZnPc(COOH)8/minducedalowercellviability.·CONCLUSION:G1-ZnPc(COOH)8/mmediatedPDTisbetterthanG1-ZnPc(COOH)8inCNVclosureandalsohavetheadvantageoffastmetabolismleadingtolesssideeffect.·

简介：目的探讨缩短小切口非超乳白内障摘除人工晶体晶植人术学习曲线的途径.方法对2006年萧县彭年光明行动中完成29例小切口非超乳白内障摘除人工晶体晶植入术的病例进行回顾性分析.结果通过最先完成17例小切口非超乳白内障摘除人工晶体晶植入术部分手术操作步骤,循序渐进最后独立完成12例小切口非超乳白内障摘除人工晶体晶植入术的全部操作步骤.结论熟练掌握白内障囊外摘除+人工晶体植入技术,是缩短小切口非超乳白内障摘除+IOL植入学习曲线的关键因素.

简介：目的观察初学者学习0．7毫米微创白内障手术改良法的临床效果。方法随机选取门诊和住院白内障患者50人,由初学者在老师指导下应用0．7毫米微创白内障手术改良法施行手术。研究内容包括手术时间,术中灌注液应用量,术中并发症等。结果手术时间随着学习的进程总体呈下降趋势,从开始10例平均时间61分22秒下降到第5个10例的18分54秒。特别是30例后下降明显。共7例9次并发症发生。第4例出现后囊破裂,未行玻璃体切割的情况下成功植入人工晶状体于睫状沟内。前10例中共有2例,第2和4个10例中各1例术中角膜上皮水肿。另外还有1例发生后弹力层撕裂,两例切口撕裂,1例结膜水肿。结论经过短期的0．7毫米微创白内障手术改良法训练,初学者可从传统同轴超声乳化安全转换至0．7毫米微创白内障手术。

简介：目的以接受免费白内障手术的患者电话随访结果为依据,对我省防盲项目完成效果进行评价、分析,探讨提出加强和完善基层医院眼科参与大规模防盲项目患者的可持续随访体系。方法通过以电话随访的方式,对2012年云南省'光明工程'6万例免费白内障手术患者中随机抽取2000例患者就手术视力提高程度及满意度进行电话随访。随访统一使用云南省卫生厅《2012年云南省'光明工程'患者电话随访表》,由专人于4周内完成电话随访。结果患者术后视力明显提高者占90.20%;患者对术后满意度达93.27%;从生活不能自理到能自理占86.41%;术后生活质量明显提高占85.79%;术后患眼有不适者占17.76%;知道如出现不适如何处理的患者占70%;新农合占93.81%,居民医保5.56%,职工医保1.64%,其他医保占0.88%;所有患者均为免费手术,无自付比例。结论在基层开展大规模集中白内障防盲项目的过程中,在严格监控患者术后质量、手术费用、住院天数、降低患者的医疗费用的同时,更应该加强对手术患者的长效管理机制,建立合理的患者随访体系,总结经验,不断完善工作流程,真正改善患者的生活质量,提高患者满意度,体现防盲工作的真正含义。

简介：目的方法结果结论总结我院2009年完成《中西部地区贫困白内障患者救治项目》白内障手术情况。对30例白内障患者根据眼部情况行不同的白内障手术。术后所有患者视力均有提高,脱盲率100%,无严重并发症。《中西部地区贫困白内障患者救治项目》作为一项民生工程,惠民利民。

简介：AIM:Todeterminethehistopathologicalchangesofrifampicinappliedintravitreallyonretinalganglioncellsbymeansofstereologicalandhistopathologicalmethods.METHODS:Forthisstudytwenty-fourNewZealandadultrabbitsweredividedintofourgroups(n=6foreachgroup).50μg/0.1mL(group1),100μg/0.1mL(group2),150μg/0.1mL(group3)and200μg/0.1mL(group4),rifampicinwereinjectedintothevitreousoftherighteyesofanimals,theirlefteyeswereusedascontrol(group5).Afterthe28thdayofapplication,animalswereanesthetisedwithxylazine(8mg/kg,IM)andthentheireyeswereenucleatedimmediately.Patternsweretakenawayandeyeswerepreparedforbothstereologicalandelectromicroscopicobservation.RESULTS:Dependingonthehighdoseofrifampicin,somehistopathologicalchangessuchascytoplasmicdilatationanddamagedmembranewereobservedontheelectromicroscopiclevel.Usingquantitativeexamination,whichwasdoneatthelightmicroscopiclevel,itwasshownthatthenumberofneuronsdecreasedlinearlyasrifampicindoseincreasedwhencomparedwiththecontrolgroup.CONCLUSION:Basedonthesefindings,low-doserifampicin(50μg/0.1mL)maybeusefulfortreatmentoftheoculardiseases.

简介：·AIM:Toinvestigatetheantifibroticeffectoffreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembraneontrabeculectomyinarabbitmodel.·METHODS:Twenty-fourJapanesewhiterabbitswererandomizedintothreegroups:theexperimentalgroup(oculartrabeculectomyincombinationwithfreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembranetransplantation),thecontrolgroup(oculartrabeculectomyincombinationwithnaturalbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembrane)andtheblankgroup(singletrabeculectomy).Clinicalobservation,hematoxylin-eosinstaining,Massionstaining,real-timePCRandimmunohistochemistryforα-SMAwereperformedondays7,14,21and30followingsurgery.·RESULTS:Statisticaldifferenceswerenotedinsurvivalanalysisandintraocularpressure(IOP)amonggroupsondays7,14,21and30followingsurgery.Histology,immunoh-istochemistryandreal-timePCRfurtherdemonstratedthattrabeculectomyincombinationwithfreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembraneresultedingoodwoundhealingandnoscarformation.·CONCLUSION:Self-madefreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembranemayinhibittheformationofscarringinglaucomaaftertrabeculectomy.·

简介：AIM:Toadaptthelowvision-relatedqualityoflife(LVQOL)instrumentintoTurkishlanguageandtoassessitsvalidityandreliability.METHODS:Thestudywasconductedin387patientsattendingtheCentreofLowVisionRehabilitation,FacultyofMedicine,AnkaraUniversity.Forstatisticalanalyses,theSpearman’scorrelationcoefficient,Cronbach’salphacoefficientandConfirmatoryFactorAnalysis(CFA)wereused.RESULTS:AccordingtoresultsofCFA,theiteminthe'Adjustment'subscalebecauseofhavingthefactorloadingbelow0.40,wasexcludedfromthequestionnaire.ThereliabilityofthequestionnairewasassessedaccordingtoCronbach’salphacoefficients.Thereliabilityofthe'DistanceVision,Mobility,andLighting'subscalewas?琢=0.863;ofthe'Adjustment'subscalewas?琢=0.694;'ReadingandFineWork'was?琢=0.791,and'ActivitiesofDailyLiving'was?琢=0.770.Sotheseresultsindicatethatthequestionnaireisreliabletomeasurethevisionrelatedqualityoflifeoflow-visionpatients.Thecorrelationsbetweenthesubscaleswerealsoanalyzed,andthecorrelationbetween'Adjustment'and'ReadingandFineWork'wasfoundtobethelowest(rs=0.336,P<0.001),whereasthestrongestcorrelationwasfoundbetweenthe'ReadingandFineWork',and'ActivitiesofDailyLiving'.Additionally,the'Adjustment'dimensionshowedthestrongestcorrelationwithonly'DistanceVision,Mobility,andLighting'dimension.CONCLUSION:Afterremovingthelastitemintheseconddimension,theTurkishadaptationofalldimensionsoftheLVQOLhasbeenshowntobereliable,validandsuitableforuseinpatientswithlowvisioninTurkey.

简介：AIM:ToevaluatetheeffectofCollagencross-linkingonthepreventionofmeltinginrabbitcorneasafteralkaliburn.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitswererandomlydividedintomodelcontrolgroupandcollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup.Thesecondgroupofrabbitsreceivedcollagencrosslinkedtreatment.Bothgroupswereappliedwithantibioticeyedropstopreventinfection.Thecorneaswereevaluatedformelting,opacity,pathologicalandimmunohistochemistry,recordthechangeswhen28daysaftertheanimalswerekilled.·RESULTS:Inthecontrolgroup,6outof8rabbitsshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury(14±4)days,whiletwocornealperforated.Incollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup,onerabbitshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury23days,withoutcornealperforation;cornealdissolutionratebetweenthetwogroupswassignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).Pathologicalexaminationsuggestedthatinthetreatmentgroup,mildcornealedema,milddamagetocollagenfibers,inflammatorycellinfiltrationwassignificantlylessthanthecontrolgroup.Immunohistochemistryshowedthatcornealcollagenfibersarrangedinneatrowsinthecontrolgroup.·CONCLUSION:Collagencross-linkingtreatmentnotonlycanpreventanddelaythecornealmeltingafteralkaliburn,butalsocanreducethedestructionofcornealcollagenfibersandinfiltrationofinflammatorycellsinthecornealtissue.