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简介：AbstractMandibular condylar fractures are among the most common facial fractures and some of the most difficult to manage. Opinions about the management of mandibular condylar fractures differ among surgeons. With the implementation of new technology, an increased understanding of fracture management, and better functional and morphological outcomes reported in the literature, open reduction and internal fixation is becoming many surgeons’ preferred choice for the treatment of condylar fractures. Because surgical treatment of such fractures is complex, certain factors must be considered to achieve satisfactory outcomes. In this article, we summarise six key points in the management of mandibular condylar fractures: virtual evaluation of condylar fracture, a suitable surgical approach, good reduction, stable internal fixation, repair of the articular disc, and restoration of the mandibular arch width. We believe that these points will help to improve the prognosis of mandibular condyle fractures.

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简介：Purpose:Proctalgiafugax(PF)isabenignanorectalconditionwhichhasbeendescribedintheliteraturesincethenineteenthcenturycommonlypresentingtogeneralsurgeons.Thereislittlehighlevelevidenceonthesubjectanditstherapeuticmodalities.Weaimedthroughthissystematicliteraturereviewtooutlinethe

简介：ThepurposeofthispaperistostudytheRSdatawebservicesandrelatedsubjectsofdatastorageanddatamanagement.Basedonananalysisofthepresentsituationanddevelopmenttrendofstorageandmanagementofrasterdataandwebservicetechnology,amanagementandservicesystemarchitectureforRemoteSensingrasterdatabasedonwebservicetechnologieswasdeveloped,theimplementationmethodologiesofthekeytechnologyofthesystemwereexploredandaprototypeofthesystemwasillustrated.

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简介：Accordingtothemostrecentepidemiologicaldata,theprevalenceofhypertensionrangedfromabout25%inChineselivingeitherinthemainlandorinTaiwanandKoreans,toapproximately40%inMongolians.Thecontrolrateofhypertensionwasabout35%inKoreansandJapanese,24%inMongolians,andlessthan10%inChinese.Fourplacebo-controlledtrialsinChinaunequivocallyprovedthatantihypertensivetherapymaypreventstrokeandothercardiovascularcomplicationsinhypertensionorpatientswithahistoryofstrokeortransientischemicattack.Fouractively-controlledtrialsinJapandidnotshowsignificantdifferencebetweenvariousclassesorcombinationsofantihypertensivedrugs.TwotrialsthatcomparedintensivewithlessintensivebloodpressurecontrolinelderlyJapanesehypertensivepatientsdidnotshowfurtherbenefitofcontrollingsystolicbloodpressuretoalevelbelow140mmHgincomparisonwithbloodpressurecontroltoalevelof140mmHgorabove.Thesetrialsthatcomparedvariousclassesofantihypertensivedrugsorintensivewithlessintensivebloodpressurecontroloftenhadsmallsamplesizeandhenceinadequatepowertodetectmodestormoderatebenefit.ThereisstillaneedforhighqualityoutcometrialdatainEastAsians.

简介：Nowadays,ecologicalandculturaltourism,especiallythoseancientvillagesandtownsinChina,haveattractedanin-creasingnumberoftouristsbecauseoftheiruniqueculturalfea-tures.However,rapiddevelopmentoftourismbringseconomicbenefits,butresultsinaseriesofproblemsthatthreatenfurthertourismdevelopmentandprotectionofancienttowns,suchasover-commercializationandtourismurbanization.TakingLong-menancienttownasanexample,thispaperpresentedasustain-ablewayofpreservinganddevelopingresourcesofancientvil-lagesandtowns.First,identifyculturalfeaturesandtheextentofancientvillagesandtowns,andfindtheapproachthroughwhichaculturallandscapezoningcanbeapplied.Second,defineacoop-erativefunctionareatoreleasethepressureoncoreareasandprotecttheirauthenticculturesbyextendingtourismspace.Third,balancetourismdevelopmentwithtraditionalindustriestoen-hancethesustainabilityofcommunityeconomies.

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简介：ObjectiveTostudyclinicalcharacteristicsofendolymphaticsactumor(ELST)anditsdiagnosisandtreatment.MethodsELSTwasdiagnosedin6casesbasedonsurgicalandhistologicalfindings.Thesecaseswerereviewedfortheirclinicalmanifestations,differentialdiagnosisandsurgicaltreatmenttechniques.ResultsTherewere1maleand5femalesinthisgroup,agedfrom28to59years(meanage=38.7years).Thetumorwasinleftearin4casesandinrightearintheother2cases.Diseasecoursesrangedfrom5to30years(meanduration=12.6years).Clinicalpresentationsincludedsensorineuralhearingloss(n=4),otorrheaandtinnitus(n=2),tinnitusandfacialspasm(n=1),otorrheawithfacialparalysis(n=1),andhearinglosswithtinnitus(n=2).NoneofthecaseswasdiagnosedasELSTpreoperatively.Twocasesweremisdiagnosedasglomusjugularetumor,2aschronicsuppurativeotitismedia,1assweatglandadenomaonbiopsyand1astemporalbonetumor.Tumorsweresurgicallyresectedinall6casesviathemastoidectomy(n=2)orcombinedoto-cervicalorcranio-oto-cervicalapproaches(n=4).Postoperativecerebrospinalfluidotorrheaoccurredin1case.Thetumorswereconfirmedonhistologicalexaminationtobealow-gradeadenocarcinoma.Allpatientshavesurvivedatthetimeofthispaper.ConclusionELSTisrareandcommonlymisdiagnosedandinadequatelytreated.Itsprognosisisrelativelyfavorablebecauseofitsslowgrowthrate.

简介：TibetantownsandvillagesaretheremotestareasinChinaregionalsociety.Theremotenessisevidentintwoaspects:(1)thenaturalenvironment;locatedinthesouthwesternfrontierofChina,asthecoreofthe'theThirdExtreme',Tibetclaimstobethefarthest

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简介：外科与ulcerative(UC)与Crohn的疾病(CD)并且在约三分之一个个病人在绝大多数病人被要求。类似于为IBD的麦克匪特斯氏疗法，重要进展发生在外科。在CD的进展在由更有限的切除术，苛评发育，和laparoscopic切除术例示的保守主义之上包括一个重音。在选择病人的职业人员生命学的使用为UC与pouchitis追随者补药proctocolectomy在病人改进了结果。在IBD的分子的基础的进行中的发现将接着识别将最好对外科作出回应的那些病人，这被期望。

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