简介：设计会被忽略而导致过时的产品或服务,为了去解决设计管理相关工作的问题,当需要去做有关于设计及管理设计个案的决定时皆会有些许的不安

简介：The2018PaluMW7.5earthquakeandtsunamiattractedgeophysicists'attentionforitsstrikeslipfocalmechanismandmagnitude.Weinspectedthedetailsofthisdisasteranddiscusseditsparticularityandpossiblecausations.Thesubmarinelandslideandspecialterrainconditionscouldhavecontributedtotheunusualsizeofthetsunami.Theearlywarningsystemandthepostdisasterresponseisalsoreviewed.Efficientsocialwarningsandbroadcastsystemsalongwithgoodmaintenanceisessential.Wealsofoundthatenhancingpublicsscientificliteracyisthemostimportantwaytoreducedisasterdamageandcasualties.Moreover,socialconditionsandrebuildingdifficultiesposttsunamiarerelatedasreferenceresourcesforfuturedisastermanagementstrategies.

简介：Background:Theglobaldecreaseinwildlifepopulations,especiallybirds,ismainlyduetolandusechangeandincreasingintensityoflanduse(ParmesanandYohe2003).However,impactsofmanagementtoolstomitigatebiodiversitylossatregionalandglobalscalesarelessapparentinforestregionsthathaveaconstantforestarea,andwhichdidnotsufferfromhabitatdegradation,andwhereforestsaresustainablymanaged,suchasinCentralEuropeorthenortheasternUSA.AbiodiversityassessmentforGermanysuggested,forexample,thatbirdpopulationswereconstant(BundesamtfürNaturschutz2015).Results:Thisstudyshowsthatchangesintheenvironmentandinforestmanagementoverthepast45yearshavehadasignificant,positiveeffectontheabundanceofnon-migratoryforestbirdspeciesinCentralEurope.Economy(timberpricesandGDP),forestmanagement(timberharvestandmixedforestarea),andenvironmentalfactors(atmosphericCO2concentrationandnitrogendeposition)wereinvestigatedtogetherwithchangesinabundancesofmigratoryandnon-migratoryforestbirdsusingpartialleastsquarespathmodeling.Climatechange,resultinginlongerseasonsandmilderwinters,andforestmanagement,promotingtreediversity,weresignificantlypositivelyrelatedtotheabundanceofnon-migratoryforestbirdsandexplained92%ofthevariationintheirabundanceinEurope.Regionally-migratingforestbirdshadstablepopulationswithlargevariation,whilebirdsmigratingacrosscontinentsdeclinedinrecentdecades,suggestingsignificant,contrastingchangesinbirdpopulationsinEurope.InnortheasternNorthAmericawealsofoundevidencethatnon-migratoryforestshaveexperiencedlong-termincreasesinabundance,andthisincreasewasrelatedtomanagement.TheincreaseofpopulationsofnonmigratoryforestbirdsinEuropeandNorthAmericaisassociatedwithanincreaseinstructuraldiversityanddisturbancesatthelandscapelevel.Conclusions:Ourresultssuggestthatreportsaboutbirddecline

简介：Cloudcomputingisatechnologythatprovidesuserswithalargestoragespaceandanenormouscomputingpower.However,theoutsourceddataareoftensensitiveandconfidential,andhencemustbeencryptedbeforebeingoutsourced.Consequently,classicalsearchapproacheshavebecomeobsoleteandnewapproachesthatarecompatiblewithencrypteddatahavebecomeanecessity.Forprivacyreasons,mostoftheseapproachesarebasedonthevectormodelwhichisatimeconsumingprocesssincetheentireindexmustbeloadedandexploitedduringthesearchprocessgiventhatthequeryvectormustbecomparedwitheachdocumentvector.Tosolvethisproblem,weproposeanewmethodforconstructingasecureinvertedindexusingtwokeytechniques,homomorphicencryptionandthedummydocumentstechnique.However,1)homomorphicencryptiongeneratesverylargeciphertextswhicharethousandsoftimeslargerthantheircorrespondingplaintexts,and2)thedummydocumentstechniquethatenhancestheindexsecurityproduceslotsoffalsepositivesinthesearchresults.Theproposedapproachexploitstheadvantagesofthesetwotechniquesbyproposingtwomethodscalledthecompressedtableofencryptedscoresandthedoublescoreformula.Moreover,weexploitasecondsecureinvertedindexinordertomanagetheusers'accessrightstothedata.Finally,inordertovalidateourapproach,weperformedanexperimentalstudyusingadatacollectionofonemilliondocuments.Theexperimentsshowthatourapproachismanytimesfasterthananyotherapproachbasedonthevectormodel.

简介：Objective:Europeanlungcancerscreeningstudiesusingcomputedtomography(CT)haveshownthatamanagementprotocolbasedonmeasuringlungnodulevolumeandvolumedoublingtime(VDT)ismorespecificforearlylungcancerdetectionthanadiameter-basedprotocol.However,whetherthisalsoappliestoaChinesepopulationisunclear.Theaimofthisstudyistocomparethediagnosticperformanceofavolume-basedprotocolwithadiameter-basedprotocolforlungcancerdetectionandoptimizethenodulemanagementcriteriaforaChinesepopulation.Methods:Thisstudyhasapopulation-based,prospectivecohortdesignandincludes4000participantsfromtheHexidistrictofTianjin,China.Participantswillundergolow-dosechestCTatbaselineandafter1year.Initially,detectedlungnoduleswillbeevaluatedfordiameterandmanagedaccordingtoaroutinediameter-basedprotocol(ClinicalPracticeGuidelineinOncologyforLungCancerScreening,Version2.2018).Subsequently,lungnoduleswillbeevaluatedforvolumeandmanagementwillbesimulatedaccordingtoavolume-basedprotocolandVDT(aEuropeanlungnodulemanagementprotocol).Participantswillbefollowedupfor4yearstoevaluatelungcancerincidenceandmortality.TheprimaryoutcomeisthediagnosticperformanceoftheEuropeanvolume-basedprotocolcomparedtodiameter-basedmanagementregardinglungnodulesdetectedusinglow-doseCT.Results:Thediagnosticperformanceofvolume-anddiameter-basedmanagementforlungnodulesinaChinesepopulationwillbeestimatedandcompared.Conclusions:Throughthestudy,weexpecttoimprovethemanagementoflungnodulesandearlydetectionoflungcancerinChinesepopulations.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectofreleasingtheorbicularisretainingligament(ORL)complexoftheteartroughcombinedwiththetransconjunctivalblepharoplastyinthesurgicalmanagementofteartroughdeformitycomparedwiththeeffectofblepharoplastyalone.METHODS:Aprospective,randomized(byclosedenvelopetechnique),controlledsurgicaltrialwhichincluded50patients(100eyes)withbilateralvisibleteartroughdeformityandlowereyelidfatbulging,wasdividedintotwogroupswhere25patients(50eyes)hadteartrough-ORLreleasewithblepharoplastyand25patients(50eyes)didn’t.Qualitativeandquantitativeassessmentsofteartroughdeformityweredoneat6mopostoperatively,achievinggrade0or1ofBarton’sclassificationwasconsideredasuccess.Standardizedphotographicdocumentationofeachpatientwasdonepreandpostoperatively,alsoassessmentofthepatients’satisfactionpostoperativelywasdoneandrankedasexcellent,verygood,goodorfair.RESULTS:Therewasstatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsintheoverallaestheticresultspostoperativelyregardingthequalitativeandquantitativeanalysisoftheteartroughdeformity,wherepatientswhohadteartrough-ORLcomplexreleasehadmoresuccessfuloutcomesthanthoseofthesecondgroup.CONCLUSION:ORLreleaseshouldbedoneinpatientswithteartroughdeformityinordertoreleasethetetheringeffectofthisligamentwhichcausestheprominenceofthenasojugalgroove.

简介：Thewheatmidge,Sitodiplosismosellana,isaseriouspestofwheatworldwide.InNorthAmerica,managementofS.mosellanainspringwheatreliesonthetimelyapplicationofpesticides,basedonmidgeadultslevelscaughtinpheromonetrapsorseenviafieldscoutingduringwheatheading.Inthiscontext,biopesticidescanbeaneffectivealternativetopesticidesforcontrollingS.mosellanawithinanIntegratedPestManagementprogram.AfieldstudyusinginsectpathogenicfungusBeauveriabassianaGHA,nematodeSteinernemaJeltiaewithBarricadepolymergel1%,pyrethrin,combinedformulationsofB.bassianaGHAandpyrethrin,Jasmonicacid(JA)andchlorpyrifos(chemicalcheck)wasperformedtodeterminetowhichextenttheyaffectmidgelarvalpopulations,kerneldamagelevels,grainyield,andquality,andtheimpactsonadultparasitoidMacroglenespenetranspopulations.TheresultsindicatedthatbiopesticidesJAandS.Jeltiaewerethemosteffectiveinreducinglarvalpopulationsandkerneldamagelevels,andproducedahigherspringwheatyieldwhencomparedtothewatercontrolatbothstudylocations(EastValierandNorthValier,Montana,USA).IncreasedtestweightinwheathadbeenrecordedwithtwopreviousbiopesticidesatEastValierbutnotforNorthValier,whencomparedoverwatercontrol.Theseresultswerecomparableinefficacytothechlorpyrifos.ThisstudyalsosuggestedthatB.bassianaandpyrethrinmayworksynergistically,asexemplifiedbylowertotallarvalpopulationsandkerneldamagelevelswhenappliedtogether.ThisstudydidnotdemonstratetheeffectofanytreatmentsonM.penetranspopulations.

简介：thedifferencebetweenChinesecultureandAmericancultureresultsfromtheirdifferentsocialstructures.ThebasisofAmericansocialstructureisindividualwhilethebasisofChinesesocialstructureisfamily.Therefore,I’minterestedintheaspectoffamilyrelationship.SoIchoosefourpassagesaboutfamilyrelationshipandmakeacomparisonbetweenAmericaandChinatolearnmoreculturegap.Thecomparisonreferstothefamilystructure,TheinfluenceoffamilyeducationleadtotheChineseeducationbecomeateacher-orientatedaswellaspassive