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简介：ThispapergivesacharacterizationofaHuntprocesspathbythefirstexitleftlimitdistribution.Itisalsoshowedthatifthefirstexitleftlimitdistributionleavinganyballfromthecenterisauniformdistributiononthesphere,thentheL'evyProcessesareascaledBrownianmotion.

简介：Background:Europeanforestsareconsideredacrucialresourceforsupplyingbiomasstoagrowingbio-economyinEurope.ThisstudyaimedtoassessthepotentialavailabilityofforestbiomassfromEuropeanforestsanditsspatialdistribution.Wetriedtoanswerthequestions(i)howisthepotentialforestbiomassavailabilityspatiallydistributedacrossEuropeand(ii)wherearehotspotsofpotentialforestbiomassavailabilitylocated?Methods:Thespatialdistributionofwoodybiomasspotentialswasassessedfor2020forstemwood,residues(branchesandharvestlosses)andstumpsfor39Europeancountries.UsingtheEuropeanForestInformationSCENario(EFISCEN)modelandinternationalforeststatistics,weestimatedthetheoreticalamountofbiomassthatcouldbeavailablebasedonthecurrentandfuturedevelopmentoftheforestage-structure,growingstockandincrementandforestmanagementregimes.Wecombinedtheseestimateswithasetofenvironmental(siteproductivity,soilandwaterprotectionandbiodiversityprotection)andtechnical(recoveryrate,soilbearingcapacity)constraints,whichreducedtheamountofwoodybiomassthatcouldpotentiallybeavailable.Wemappedthepotentialbiomassavailabilityatthelevelofadministrativeunitsandatthe10km×10kmgridleveltogaininsightintothespatialdistributionofthewoodybiomasspotentials.Results:Accordingtoourresults,thetotalavailabilityofforestbiomassrangesbetween357and551Tgdrymatterperyear.ThelargestpotentialsupplyofwoodybiomassperunitoflandcanbefoundinnorthernEurope(southernFinlandandSweden,EstoniaandLatvia),centralEurope(Austria,CzechRepublic,andsouthernGermany),Slovenia,southwestFranceandPortugal.However,largepartsofthesepotentialsarealreadyusedtoproducematerialsandenergy.Thedistributionofbiomasspotentialsthatarecurrentlyunusedonlypartiallycoincideswithregionsthatcurrentlyhavehighlevelsofwoodproduction.Conclusions:Ourstudyshowshowthefo

简介：Makinguseofaneasiermethod,thispaperderivestheprobabilitydensityfunction（pdf）ofthelinearcombinationofrandomvariableZ=αX＋βY.Furthermore,cumulativedistributionfunction（cdf）ofZ=αX＋βY,whereXandYhavethebivariateexponentialdistributions,hasalsobeenproposedinthispaper.Resultsfromthispaperwouldhaveimportantroleinthereliabilitystudy.

简介：AfterexpandingthecapacitybywideningthetrolleyoftheNo.3sinteringmachine,severeunevensinteringoccurredinthetrolley’slateraldistribution,whichaffectedtheoutputandqualityofsinter.Inthisstudy,thequantitativeevaluationindicesoftheburdenuniformdistributioninthewidthdirectionofthesinteringmachineisintroducedforthefirsttime.Bymeasuringthetemperatureofdischargedgas,aplanetemperaturefieldisconstructed.Throughanalyzingthetemperaturefieldandtheburdenlayer’sdifferentialthermalequilibrium,amathematicalmodelforevaluatingtheindices,whichisanonlinereflectionofthedegreeofuniformdistribution,isbuilt.Followingtheimprovementsinburdendistributionequipment,theoptimizationoftheignitionsystemandthedynamicadjustmentoftheprocess,theproblemofunevensinteringinlateraldistributionhasbeensolved,andthequalityandtheyieldofsinterhavebeenimproved.

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简介：Inthispaper,aneffectivemethodofsimulatingthespatialdistributionofclimaticelementsinmountainousareasbyusingthesemi-empiricaltheoryispresented.Asanexample,thespatialdistributionsoftemperature,vaporpressure,relativehumidity,windspeedandprecipitationintheJianyangregionandtheShaxibasinofFujianProvincearecomputedwiththismethod,andthesimulatedresultsareingoodagreementwiththeobservations.

简介：Thedistributioneffectofelectricfieldonthealignmentandattachmentofcarbonnanotubes(CNTs)wereinvestigated.Theexperimentalresultswerecomparedwiththesimulationresultsaccordingtothreedifferentshapedelectrodes.Inprevioussimulation,theroundshapedelectrodeswereexpectedtobemoreeffectiveforaligningandattachingasingleCNTbetweentwoelectrodesthanconicalorrectangularshapedelectrodes.Toverifythesimulationresults,threedifferentshapedelectrodeswereintroducedandasinglemulti-walledcarbonnanotube(MWNT)wasattached.TheoptimalconditionsforaligningandattachingMWNTssuchasthefrequency,appliedvoltageandconcentrationofMWNTssolutionwereinvestigated.Throughrepeatedexperiments,frequencyof100kHz-10MHz,appliedvoltageof0.3-1.3Vrms/μm,concentrationof5μg/mLinMWNTssolutionwereobtainedasapossibleconditionrangetoattachMWNTs.Undertheseconditions,theyieldofMWNTsattachmentbetweentwoelectrodeswasupto70%.Inprevioussimulation,furthermore,itwasverifiedthatthesizeofthestableorquasi-stableregionmadeCNTsalignedandattachedondifferentshapedelectrodesfromthecomparisonoftheexperimentalandsimulationresults.MostsingleMWNTattachmentwasaccomplishedontheroundshapedelectrodes.

简介：OnthebasisofthedataofoceanographicsurveyintheEastChinaSeainfourseasonsduring1997～2000(23°30′～33°00′N,118°30′～128°E),thevariationoftotalbiomassanddietbiomassofzooplanktonandtheirspatial-temporaldistributionandrelationshipwiththefishinggroundofEngraulisjaponicusareapproachedandanalyzed.Theresultsshowthattheaveragebiomassis65.32mg/m3infourseasons,autumn(86.18mg/m3)beinggreaterthansummer(69.18mg/m3)greaterthanspring(55.67mg/m3)greaterthanwinter(50.33mg/m3).Theaveragevalueofdietzooplanktonbiomassis40.9mg/m3.Thetrendsofhorizontaldistributionbothinthetotalbiomassandthedietbiomassofzooplanktonaresimilar.Thehighbiomassregion(250～500mg/m3)isverylimited,onlyaccountingfor1%oftheinvestigationarea.SeasonalvariationofthebiomassisveryremarkableinthewestandnorthpartsofEastChinaSeacoastalwaters(29°30′N,125°E).Thehorizontaldistributionofdietzooplanktondependsontheabundancedistributionofcrustacean.ThedistributionofdietzooplanktonisrelatedtothefishinggroundofEngraulisjaponicusandthehigh-densityareaofyoungfishandlarval.Inspring,thecentralfishinggroundofEngraulisjaponicus(＞100kg/h)andthehigh-densityareaofyoungfishandlarval(＞100individualspernet)arelocatedatthesameplaceofhigh-density(100～250mg/m3)areaofdietzooplanktoninthemiddle-southernpartofEastChinaSeaortheedgeofitswaters.

简介：Asoneofthemostimportanturbanlifelinesystems,awaterdistributionsystemcanbedamagedunderastrongearthquake,andthedamagecannoteasilybelocated,especiallyimmediatelyaftertheevent.Thisoftencausestremendousdifficultiestopost-earthquakeemergencyresponseandrecoveryactivities.Thispaperproposesamethodologytolocateseismicdamagetoawaterdistributionsystembymonitoringwatcrheadonlineatsomenodesinthewaterdistributionsystem.Anartificialneuralnetwork-basedinverseanalysismethodisdevelopedtoestimatethewaterheadvariationsatallnodesthatarenotmonitoredbasedonthewaterheadvariationsatthenodesthataremonitored.Themethodologyprovidesaquick,effective,andpracticalwaytolocateseismicdamagetoawaterdistributionsystem.

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简介：Inrecentyears,Asiabecametheregionwiththehighestincreaseinrateofurbanizationandeconomicdevelopmentintheworld.AccordingtorecentestimatesfromtheUnitedNations,theworldpopulationwillincrease36%between2000and2030,leadingtoadoublingofthenumberofurbandwellersinlessdevelopedregions,likeAsia.Suchrapideconomicdevelopmenthasmanyassociatedenvironmentalproblems,includingdevelopmentofheavyaerosolpollutionoverAsia.Aerosolparticleshaveadirectradiativeforcingeffectonclimatebecausetheyscatterandabsorbsolarandinfrared

简介：Thisstudyinvestigatedtheoccurrenceanddistributionof15phthalateesters(PAEs)insedimentscollectedfromQixinghewetlands,northeastChina.TotalconcentrationofPAEsinallsedimentsrangedfrom128.41to502.79lgkg-1,withthemeanvalueof284.61lgkg-1.PAEssignificantlydifferedamongwetlandtypes;theaveragePAEsconcentrationofsurfacesedimentswereasfollows:Phragmitesaustraliswetland(PAW,419.87±73.61lgkg-1)[Carexlasiocarpawetland(CLW,304.18±56.47lgkg-1)[Deyeuxiaangustifoliawetland(DAW,129.78±18.24lgkg-1).Dimethylphthalate(DMP),diisobutylphthalate,di-n-butylphthalate,anddi-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)werefoundinallsediments,DEHPwasthemostabundantPAEscongenerswithconcentrationsvaryingfrom37.62to294.9lgkg-1.DMPandDEHPexhibitedrelativelyhigherconcentrationsinCLWandPAWwetlandsthaninDAW,indicatingthatthedifferentdeoxidizationandbiodegradationconditionscouldhaveimportantimplicationsforthedistributionpatternsofPAEsinwetlandsediments.ThevariationofPAEsconcentrationsinhorizontalandverticalsedimentswithwetlandtypescouldbeattributedtothemigrationofcontaminantsbysurfacewater,groundwaterandatmosphericdeposition.TheoccurrenceanddistributionofPAEsinwetlandsalsosuggeststhatcontaminationinnaturalecosystemsshouldnotbeoverlooked.

简介：世界介绍需求因为油和气体为超过60%全球油和煤气的供应仍然在一个快速的生长时期，和传统的油和煤气的资源报道。美洲是第二最大的生产和液体的消费中心造成的世界，并且也是世界最大的天然气制片人。在2016，美洲有853亿大量证明的油储备和证明天然气储备的18.7万亿m3，它说明35.4%世界和10.0%分别地总计储备。它生产了油的1267.1山和天然气的11254亿m3，它分别地说明28.9%世界和31.7%总数生产。原油和天然气储备主要在美国，加拿大和委内瑞拉被散布。美国是在页岩气体探索和开发的最早、很成功的国家，并且它的页岩气体在南部、中央、东方的美国被集中，包括Marcellcus页岩，Barnett页岩，EagleFord页岩，Bakken页岩，Fayettevis页岩，Haynsvill页岩，Woodford页岩和Monterey/Santos页岩。在美洲的潜在的油和煤气的资源主要在西方的加拿大沉积的盆在Williston盆，主导的stratigraphic陷井和很少结构的陷井在北方斜坡盆，古生代的Madsion组白云石和石灰石的中间上面的侏罗记斜坡免职在背斜和stratigraphic陷井被集中，始新世structural-stratigraphic烃联合，结构不顺从的陷井和结构的烃联合，和上面的Miocen另外，地震subsalt成像技术的突破使subsalt成为东方Barzil的深海的海区域重要的油和煤气的潜在的区域。

简介：Theaxialandradialconvectiveflow,temperaturefluctuationanddistributionintheHMCZsiliconmeltarestudiedtentatively.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheaxialandradialconvectivespeeds,thetempera-turevariationandtheradialtemperaturegradient,paralleltomagneticfieldandnearmeltsurface,alldecrease,buttheaxisymmetryoftemperaturedistributionnolongerexistswhenthemagneticfieldisapplied.

简介：Torealizetheon-linemeasurementandmakeanalysisonthedensityofalgaeandtheirclusterdistribution,thefluorescentdetectionandfuzzypatternrecognitiontechniquesareused.Theprincipleoffluorescentfiber-opticdetectionisgivenaswellasthemethodoffuzzyfeatureextractionusingaclassofneuralnetwork.

简介：WederivedrevisedeffectivediffusionenergybarriersfollowingtheBoltzmanndistributionassumptionforimpurityatomsinabulkmaterialundertheimpactofvariouskindsofpointdefectstorevealtheinsightsofmigrationmechanisms.Theeffectivediffusionenergybarriersofcopperimpuritiesinbulkzirconiumwerecalculatedthroughthefirstprinciplemethodunderthepresentedhypothesis.Ourresults(?E||=1.27eV,?E⊥=1.31eV)agreedwellwiththeexperimentalresults(?E||=1.54eV,?E⊥=1.60eV),whichvalidatedbulkdiffusionasthemajormechanismforcopperdiffusioninzirconium.Theeffectivediffusionenergybarrierscouldbeusedforestimatingwhetherthedefectswillacceleratethediffusionorslowthemdownbyactingastrapsoftheimpurityatoms.Ontheotherhand,thefirstprincipleresultsoftheimpuritydiffusionviadefectscouldbefurtherusedasinputsoflargerscalecomputationalsimulations,suchasMC(MonteCarlo)orPhaseFieldcalculations.

简介：以便评估水分发系统的地震可靠性并且相应地做康复决定，估计管道损坏状态并且基于管子漏模型进行功能的分析是必要的。当地震发生了时，水分发系统不停地与漏服务。由与漏在管道的中心增加一个虚拟节点，压力驱动的分析的一条有效途径为模仿许多低相对情形被开发，并且一个水力的漏模型也被造与地震损坏执行水供应网络的水力的分析。然后，mean-first-order-second-moment方法被用来分析水分发系统的地震有用性。根据评价分析，被破坏或突现地在重漏被孤立并且修理的管子，它改进了水供应网络的能力并且将为提高系统的地震可靠性组成基础。水分发系统上的地震可靠性和康复决定分析的建议途径被表明通过案例研究有效。