简介：Solanesol是在在Nicotianatabacum的solanesol的Nicotianatabacum.Distribution的重要第二等的代谢物被高效LiquidChromatography(HPLC)调查方法。在N的各种各样的机关andtissues的solanesol的量的分发。tabacum显示出那个solanesol内容，在所有机关显然不同，在梗比那在叶子高6.8,18.3，27.5，45.8，和68.0倍，花，种子，fruitsand根分别地。在叶，梗和花weredetermined的各种各样的部分的solanesol的内容。在最高的叶，中间的叶和底部叶的solanesol的内容逐渐地减少了(6.124，5.813和5.687mg·g~(-1),分别地)并且在各种各样的叶部分(叶顶，叶中间和叶底)的solanesol的内容逐渐地也减少了。在topstalk的solanesol的内容分别地在中间的梗和底部梗比那高是1.19次和1.92次。在梗(外皮，外皮和石碑)的各种各样的纸巾的solanesol的内容戏剧性地减少了。萼片包含了solanesol的更高的集中(1.192mg·g~(-1))compared到在花的任何另外的部分。学习将为solanesol的规定andcontrol提供基础数据，而且，它将为N的rationaldevelopment和利用提供科学证据。tabacum资源。

简介：PiceamongolicaisanendemicandendangeredspeciesinChina.EcosystemmadeofPiceamongolicaisaspecialsandyforestecosysteminChina.Itisfoundatecotonebetweenforestandsteppe,oragriculturaldistrictandpastoralarea.Basedoninvestigation,thispaperdiscussedtheformationanddistributionofPiceamongolicaandstudieditsnatureaccordingtoecotonetheory.ItisclarifiedthatPiceamongolicabelongstoPiceameyeriseries.Thatistosay,itbecamealocalracethroughlong-termadaptationtothelocalclimate,thenformedallopatricsemi-species,andfinallyturnedintoataxonomicalspecies.Piceamongolicaforestisasuperzonalclimaxcommunitydevelopinginecotonebetweenforestzoneandsteppezone.

简介：Background:Europeanforestsareconsideredacrucialresourceforsupplyingbiomasstoagrowingbio-economyinEurope.ThisstudyaimedtoassessthepotentialavailabilityofforestbiomassfromEuropeanforestsanditsspatialdistribution.Wetriedtoanswerthequestions(i)howisthepotentialforestbiomassavailabilityspatiallydistributedacrossEuropeand(ii)wherearehotspotsofpotentialforestbiomassavailabilitylocated?Methods:Thespatialdistributionofwoodybiomasspotentialswasassessedfor2020forstemwood,residues(branchesandharvestlosses)andstumpsfor39Europeancountries.UsingtheEuropeanForestInformationSCENario(EFISCEN)modelandinternationalforeststatistics,weestimatedthetheoreticalamountofbiomassthatcouldbeavailablebasedonthecurrentandfuturedevelopmentoftheforestage-structure,growingstockandincrementandforestmanagementregimes.Wecombinedtheseestimateswithasetofenvironmental(siteproductivity,soilandwaterprotectionandbiodiversityprotection)andtechnical(recoveryrate,soilbearingcapacity)constraints,whichreducedtheamountofwoodybiomassthatcouldpotentiallybeavailable.Wemappedthepotentialbiomassavailabilityatthelevelofadministrativeunitsandatthe10km×10kmgridleveltogaininsightintothespatialdistributionofthewoodybiomasspotentials.Results:Accordingtoourresults,thetotalavailabilityofforestbiomassrangesbetween357and551Tgdrymatterperyear.ThelargestpotentialsupplyofwoodybiomassperunitoflandcanbefoundinnorthernEurope(southernFinlandandSweden,EstoniaandLatvia),centralEurope(Austria,CzechRepublic,andsouthernGermany),Slovenia,southwestFranceandPortugal.However,largepartsofthesepotentialsarealreadyusedtoproducematerialsandenergy.Thedistributionofbiomasspotentialsthatarecurrentlyunusedonlypartiallycoincideswithregionsthatcurrentlyhavehighlevelsofwoodproduction.Conclusions:Ourstudyshowshowthefo

简介：Thisstudyinvestigatedtheoccurrenceanddistributionof15phthalateesters(PAEs)insedimentscollectedfromQixinghewetlands,northeastChina.TotalconcentrationofPAEsinallsedimentsrangedfrom128.41to502.79lgkg-1,withthemeanvalueof284.61lgkg-1.PAEssignificantlydifferedamongwetlandtypes;theaveragePAEsconcentrationofsurfacesedimentswereasfollows:Phragmitesaustraliswetland(PAW,419.87±73.61lgkg-1)[Carexlasiocarpawetland(CLW,304.18±56.47lgkg-1)[Deyeuxiaangustifoliawetland(DAW,129.78±18.24lgkg-1).Dimethylphthalate(DMP),diisobutylphthalate,di-n-butylphthalate,anddi-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)werefoundinallsediments,DEHPwasthemostabundantPAEscongenerswithconcentrationsvaryingfrom37.62to294.9lgkg-1.DMPandDEHPexhibitedrelativelyhigherconcentrationsinCLWandPAWwetlandsthaninDAW,indicatingthatthedifferentdeoxidizationandbiodegradationconditionscouldhaveimportantimplicationsforthedistributionpatternsofPAEsinwetlandsediments.ThevariationofPAEsconcentrationsinhorizontalandverticalsedimentswithwetlandtypescouldbeattributedtothemigrationofcontaminantsbysurfacewater,groundwaterandatmosphericdeposition.TheoccurrenceanddistributionofPAEsinwetlandsalsosuggeststhatcontaminationinnaturalecosystemsshouldnotbeoverlooked.

简介：在Gymnemasylvestre的各种各样的机关的gymnemic酸内容被高效液体层析(HPLC)方法调查。结果表演在各种各样的机关的gymnemic酸的内容，显然不同，是54.29，31.66，28.82，27.67，25.39，20.56和1.31mg·g在射击尖端的−1DW，花，节点，叶子，内部节点，根和种子分别地。最高的gymnemic酸内容(54.29mg·g−1DW)在射击尖端被发现，在叶子(27.67mg·g−1DW)的比那高的1.96褶层。gymnemic酸(35.39mg·g−1DW)的最大的数量在年轻叶子被观察，它在旧叶子(23.07mg·g−1DW)比那高1.52倍。gymnemic酸在的内容年轻、中间、旧内部节点分别地，是26.47，25.77和23.94mg·g−1DW而在年轻、中间、旧的节点的gymnemic酸的内容是27.96，都在叶子(27.67mg·g−1DW)比那降低，28.81和29.66mg·g−1DW，分别地比那所有高在叶子。学习为Gymnemasylvestre资源的合理发展和利用提供科学证据，自从在天赋的利用上看台在自然引起了这些植物的弄空。

简介：AdistributionmapofPinusyunnanensiswasmadeaccordingtothedataongeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisbymeansofapplyinggeographicinformationsystemssoftwareArcGIS,andtheclimaticparametersofthedistributionareasforP.yunnanensisweredeterminedbytheclimateforecastmodelClimateChina.TherelationshipbetweenthegeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisandtheclimatewasstudiedbyadoptingtheindexesofKiraincludingthewarmthindex(WI),coldnessindex(CI)andaridityindex(K),Xu’shumidityindex(HI),Holdridge’slifetemperature(BT),potentialevapotranspiration(PET),potentialevapotranspirationratio(PER)andthesinglefactorsasthemeanannualtemperature,themeantemperatureinJanuary,themeantemperatureinJuly,themeanannualprecipitation,the>5℃accumulatedtemperature,the>18℃accumulatedtemperature,themaximumtemperature,theminimumtemperature,thetemperaturevariation,theratiooftemperatureandprecipitationoftheyear,etc.AndtheKira’swater-temperatureindexesondistributionalupperlimit,lowlimitandnorthlimitwerediscussed.ThemajorclimaticfactorseffectingthedistributionofP.yunnanensiswerescreenedoutbystatisticalanalysissoftwareSPSSandtheresultsshowedtheimpactfactorsareintheorderoftemperature>humidity>thetemperaturedifferencebetweenmeanwarmestmonthtemperatureandmeancoldestmonthtemperature.

简介：AspecialinterpolationprogramGREENhasbeendevelopedtodeterminetheclimaticparametersforthedistributionregionofChinesepine(PinustabulaeformisCarr.)basedontheresearchesonthedistributionofthetreespecies.Thecentralregion,whichisthemostsuitabledistributionregion,andpotentialdistributionregionofthespeciesundercurrentclimaticconditionsweremappedusingaGeographicInformationSystemIDRISI.Accordingtotheaveragedpredictionsby5GCMsfor2030,aprojecti...

简介：ThecanopyrainfallinterceptionmodeilinkedtoenvironmentalconditionsandbiologicalfeaturesisestablishedonthebasisofstationaryobservationandmeasurementsinChina.UpscalingfromsiteobservationtoregionalIevelestimationofcanopyrainfallinterceptionhasbeenmade.ThepotentialinterceptionvalueofforestsduringtherainfallseasoninChinaaccordingtorainfallrecordsofMay,JulyandSeptemberintheyear1982,hasbeensimulatedandmappedundertheGISsoftwarepackageIdris...

简介：第二等的森林的土壤动物社区，在Qufu的儒家墓地的Platycladus森林andQuercusacutissima森林被调查。3583个标本是镇定的，独立属于5扇门，11个班和23目。二个主导的组和9个普通的组说明94.45%全部的数字。在这三个森林产地的土壤动物在作文，生态的分发和重要索引不同。三个森林里的土壤动物的主导的组是一样，但是另外的组更极大地不同。差异索引(H)和第二等的森林里的土壤动物的平均索引(E)是最高，并且还优势索引(C)inQuercusacutissima森林最高。在每个森林产地的大多数土壤动物集合到表面土壤层。他们的种类和单个数字都是层我>II>III。它为三个森林里的土壤动物的作文是很类似的。

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简介：ToaidinmanagementofCunninghamialanceolata,themaintimberspeciesinSouthernChina,itsvariationofspatialdistributionpatternwasanalyzed.ThreepermanentplotsofC.lanceolataplantationswithapproximatelythesamesiteconditions,setbyChinacontinuousforestinventoryinShunchang,Fujian,wereselected.C.lanceolatagrowthwasdividedintotwostages:youngtrees(5cm≤diameteratbreastheight(DBH)<10cm)andmaturetrees(DBH≥10cm).TheDBHandcoordinatesofeverytree(DBH≥5cm)inthepermanentplotswererecordedin2003and2008.ThefunctionL(r),improvementofRipley’sK(r),thepaircorrelationfunctiong(r),andtheuniformangleindex(W_i)wereusedtoanalyzethespatio-temporalvariationofspatialdistributionpatterns.Thethreepermanentplotshadmeanuniformangleindex(W)between0.494-0.578atlowaltitudes,0.465-0.477atmediumaltitudes,and0.426-0.601athighaltitudes.Resultsshowedthataltitudedidnotaffectthespatialdistributionpattern.TheL(r)andg(r)functioncurvesofmaturetreesweregenerallylowerthanyoungtrees’,i.e.tendtobemorerandomoruniformdistribution.Soregardlessoftheinitialdistributionofyoungormaturetrees,withthepassageoftime,therewasatendencyfortheaggregateddistributiontochangetoarandomdistribution,andarandomdistributiontochangetoauniformdistribution.

简介：我们在北伊朗的多山的森林里根据包含的山腰材料(土壤或岩石)和山腰坡度的类型调查了邻近小量的道路的树看台的损坏的分发和频率。80个阴谋的一个总数系统地并且随机被取样记录损坏的树(弯曲，压碎并且伤害)由在道路的边的山腰坡度和材料的班。树在岩石斜坡伤害并且压碎比在有黏土的混合的山腰显著地大(p?45%是比在有斜坡坡度的山腰上更经常的2，8.5和2.3次<15%为分别地弯曲，压碎并且伤害。类型和最经常的损坏改变的损坏分发是树伤害(p?

简介：AseminiisaNorthernHemispherecerambycidtribe,andanimportantforestpest,mainlycausingdamagetoconiferousplants.Moreimportant,asonekindofquarantineinsects,Aseminicanbringaboutmanytroublesintimbertrade,therefore,thealienspeciesshouldbepaidmoreattentionsandneedtobequarantinedinordertopreventthemtobeintroducedtoChina.InChina,thereare4genus26speciesofAsemini.HostplantsofAseminiinclude15genus36speciesof7families,andthemainhostplantsareinPinus,accountingfor30.56%ofthetotal.Afaunaanalysisindicatedthat15speciesofAseminidistributedinthePalarearticRealm,accountingfor57.69%ofthetotal.ThespeciespredominatedinChina,probablybecausegymnospermswerethemainvegetabletypeinthisregion.ThispaperlistsalltheknownspeciesandgeneraofAseminiandtheirhostplantsinChina,anddiscussestheirdistribution.Theaimistoarousetheconcernsoftheseinsectsandprovideareferencefortherelevantwork.

简介：Throughsampleplotsurveyandstatisticanalysis,thispaperadoptsecologicalmethodtostudythecharacteristicsofplantdiversityofforestvegetationinLuofuMountain,Guangdong.TheresultsshowthatthereisagreatplantdiversityofforestvegetationinLuofuMountainowingtotheascendancyofaqueousandthermalconditioninsubtropicalzone.Thetotalnumberofspeciesin4500m2sampleplot(s)are170with3870individualplantsintotal;Dahlspeciesrichnessindex(D)is44.932;Simpsondiversityindex(L,D)is0.022,0.022;Simpson(1982)diversityindex(D)is3.806;Pielouevennessindex(E)is0.984andHulbertevennessindex(E)is0.815;Shannon-wienerdiversityindex(informationindexH')is4.188;Asymmetryindex(r)is0.185.Theseindexesshowthatabetterhabitatwillbringaboutplantdiversityofforestvegetation,andthediversityofzonalvegetationshowsthatthehigherlatitudeis,thelessspeciesofvegetationcanbefound.Besides,verticalchangeofplantdiversityofforestvegetationinLuofuMountainisobvious.Itsspeciesrichnessindexandplantdiversityindexshowthatmonsoonevergreenbroad-leavedforestisthetallest,mountainevergreenbroad-leavedforestfollowsasthesecondandconifer-broad-leavedmixedforestistheshortest.TheWilsonβ-diversityindex,whichisobtainedbycomparisonbetweenforestvegetationbelow300mandforestvegetationbetween600-900m,is0.621.Calculatedfromcomparisonbetweenforestvegetationin600-1100mandforestvegetationin900-1100m,theWilsonβ-diversityindexis0.727;bycomparingforestvegetationbelow300mwithforestvegetationin900-1100m,theWilsonβ-diversityindexis1.877.Thisshowsthattheplantdiversityofforestvegetationisaffectedbythechangeingradientofelevation.

简介：Theanatomycharacteristicsofcellwallandlignindistributionindifferentanatomicalregionsfor12-month-oldbamboospeciesPseudosasaamabiliswasinvestigated.Thelignindistributionwasstudiedbymeansofopticalmicroscopeandconfocallaserscanningmicroscopeandthecolorreaction.Inaddition,thedistributionofligninindifferenttissues(fiber,parenchymaandvessel)wasinvestigatedbyvisible-lightmicrospectrophotometrycoupledwiththeWiesnerandMaulereaction.Thecellwallsofdifferenttissueswerealllignifiedandtheligninwaswidelydistributedindifferenttissues,inwhichtherewasadifferencebetweentissuesandanatomicalregionsinlignincontent.Guaiacylligninandsyringylligninunitcouldbefoundincellwalloffiber,parenchymaandvesselthroughWiesnerandMaulereactionandtheabsorbancepeakofspectrum.Therewasnoregularvariationinlignincontentwithdifferentradiallocationofculmsanddifferentlocationinfiberstrands.Thelamellationofthefibercellwallwasgenerallyhadasalternatingbroadandnarrowlayerswithalternatinglowandhighconcentrationoflignin.

简介：ThehumidagroclimaticconditionsofKerala,IndiapermitthecultivationofanarrayofbamboospeciesofwhichDendrocalamusstrictusRoxb.(Nees.)isanimportantoneonaccountofitshighgrowthrateandmultipleuses.Standdensity,apotentialtoolincontrollingtheproductivityofwoodyecosystems,itseffectongrowthandrootdistributionpatternsmayprovideabetterunderstandingofproductivityoptimizationespeciallywhenbamboo-basedintercroppingoptionsareconsidered.Growthattributesof7-year-oldbamboo(D.strictus)standsmanagedatvariablespacing(494m,696m,898m,10910m,12912m)werestudied.Functionalrootactivityamongbambooclumpswerealsostudiedusingaradiotracersoilinjectionmethodinwhichtheradioisotope32Pwasappliedtosoilatvaryingdepthsandlateraldistancesfromtheclump.Resultsindicatethatspacingexertsaprofoundinfluenceongrowthofbamboo.Widelyspacedbambooexhibitedhigherclumpdiametersandcrownwidthswhileclumpheightswerebetterundercloserspacing.Clumpheightwas30%lowerandDBH52%higheratthewidestspacing(12912m)comparedtotheclosestspacing(494m).Withincreasingsoildepthandlateraldistance,rootactivitydecreasedsignificantly.Rootactivityneartheclumpbasewashighest(809countsperminute,cpm;50cmdepthand50cmlateraldistance)at494m.Tracerstudyfurthershowedwiderdistributionofrootactivitywithincreaseinclumpspacing.Itmaybeconcludedthattheintensiveforagingzoneofbambooiswithina50-cmradiusaroundtheclumpirrespectiveofspacing.N,PandKcontentintheupper20cmwas2197,21,and203kg/harespectivelyforthecloselyspacedbamboo(494m)whichweresignificantlyhigherthancorrespondingnutrientcontentatwiderspacings.About50%ofN,PandKwerepresentwithinthe0-20cmsoillayer,whichdecreaseddrasticallybeyondthe20cmdepth.Theresultssuggestthatstandmanagementpracticesthroughplantingdensityregulationcanmodifyt

简介：本文研究了长江三峡花岗岩地区林地土壤流失特性．结果表明由鳞片状面蚀导致的土壤流失量月分布与月降雨量的分布趋势基本一致，二者呈现出较为明显的线性相关关系．植物盖度≥０．７０的林地土壤流失多集中发生在６～９月份，土壤流失量在５０００ｔ·ｋｍ－２·ａ－１以下．盖度＜０．７的林地土壤流失年内分布时间多在３～１０月份，土壤流失量为５００～６０００ｔ·ｋｍ－２·ａ－１．

简介：我们使用了GIS和最大的熵预言六蛇种的潜在的分发在Kroumiria(西北的突尼斯)属于三个家庭：Natricidae(Natrixmaura和Natrixastreptophora)，Colubridae(Hemorrhoishippocrepis，Coronellagirondica和Macroprotodonmauritanicus)，和Lamprophiidae(Malpoloninsignitus)。为每种的合适的产地用最大的熵算法被建模，联合存在地数据(在16期间镇定?年：2000-2015)与一套七个环境变量(吝啬的年度降水，举起，斜坡坡度，方面，到水路的距离，陆地表面温度和规范的微分植被索引。这些环境变量的相对重要性被大折刀测试评估，我们的模型的预兆的力量在操作特征的接收装置下面用区域被估计。种类分发的主要解释变量是来自流和举起的距离，与分别地从60～77并且从10～25%的贡献。我们的学习提供了适用性在Kroumiria为蛇建模的第一个产地，这个信息能被担心在Kroumiria保存蛇的保存生物学家和陆地经理使用。

简介：在干燥陆地的系统的木质的植物的地位是关键生态系统进程的一个基本决定因素。这地位监视在在干旱、半干旱的生态系统理解木质的植物的动力学起一个重要作用。现在的学习用遥感和地理信息系统技术和统计科学在伊朗决定了Zagros森林的精力。结果证明树的密度从10～53变化了?%根据半干旱的区域的地文学、气候的条件。在植被索引和森林密度之间的最好、最低的关联为全球环境监视索引被获得(GEMI；R2?=?0.94)和土壤调整植被索引(R2?=?0.81),分别地。GEMI被用来监视使用在一个10年的时期上改变的土地。结果显示出那2720?哈森林的2被人的干扰和耕种在也导致了肥沃的土壤层的损失的这个时期期间在陡峭的斜坡上破坏了。GEMI决定了区域与一树的生物资源并且有从没有华盖的区域的树的低生物资源密度的通常分开的边阶区域能盖住。结果用卫星在干旱、半干旱的艰巨森林区域揭示了对森林和植被盖子的那个评价数字数字和平常的采样服从于无常。一个成层的组织过程应该被建立增加评价的精确性。