简介：Makinguseofaneasiermethod,thispaperderivestheprobabilitydensityfunction（pdf）ofthelinearcombinationofrandomvariableZ=αX＋βY.Furthermore,cumulativedistributionfunction（cdf）ofZ=αX＋βY,whereXandYhavethebivariateexponentialdistributions,hasalsobeenproposedinthispaper.Resultsfromthispaperwouldhaveimportantroleinthereliabilitystudy.

简介：Inrecentyears,Asiabecametheregionwiththehighestincreaseinrateofurbanizationandeconomicdevelopmentintheworld.AccordingtorecentestimatesfromtheUnitedNations,theworldpopulationwillincrease36%between2000and2030,leadingtoadoublingofthenumberofurbandwellersinlessdevelopedregions,likeAsia.Suchrapideconomicdevelopmenthasmanyassociatedenvironmentalproblems,includingdevelopmentofheavyaerosolpollutionoverAsia.Aerosolparticleshaveadirectradiativeforcingeffectonclimatebecausetheyscatterandabsorbsolarandinfrared

简介：Measurementsofparticulatematter(PM),i.e.,PM10,PM2.5,andPMl,havebeenperformedontheCantonTower,alandmarkbuildinginGuangzhou,atheightsof121and454msinceNovember2010,usingaGRIMM180aerosolparticlespectrometer(Germany).AnalysesofdatafromNovember2010toMay2013showedthattheannualaveragevaluesofPM10,PM2.5,andPMlattheobservationheightof121mabovethegroundwere44.1,38.2,and34.9μg/m3,respectively,andthoseat454mabovethegroundwere35.7,30.4,and27.5μg/m3,respectively.ByconsideringthevaluesofthesecondaryconcentrationlimitsgivenintheAmbientAirQualityStandardsissuedin2012,itwasobservedthattheannualaveragevaluesofPM10attheobservationheightsof121and454m,aswellasthoseofPM2.5at454m,reachedthosestandards.Furthermore,theover-standardamplitudeoftheannualaveragevalueofPM2.5attheobservationheightof121mwas9.1%.Duringtheobservationperiod,themaximumdailyaveragevaluesofPM10,PM2.5,andPM1attheobservationheightof121mwere183.3,144.8,and123.8μg/m~3,respectively,andthoseat454mwere102.8,92.7,and86.4μg/m3.ThedailyaveragevaluesofPM10attheobservationheightof454mwerenotabovethestandards.Theover-standardfrequenciesofthedailyaveragevaluesofPM10andPM2.5attheobservationheightof121mwere0.6%and10.7%,respectively,andtheover-standardamplitudeswere9.0%and24.4%,respectively.Theover-standardfrequencyofthedailyaveragevalueofPM2.5attheobservationheightof454mwas2.0%,andtheover-standardamplitudewas10.4%.Accordingly,itcanbestatedthattheairattheobservationheight454mabovethegrounddidnotreachthesecondarylimitofthenewstandards.Thepollutionwasmostseriousduringwinter,andtheairwasrelativelycleanerduringsummer.Overall,theverticaldistributionsofPM10,PM2.5,andPMldecreasedwithheight.Thelapseratesshowedthefollowingsequence:PM10>PM2.5>PM1,whichindicatesthattheverticaldistributionoffineparticles

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethediagnosticaccuracyofthemeanplateletvolumeandplateletdistributionwidthinacuteappendicitis.METHODS:Thisretrospective,case-controlledstudycompared295patientswithacuteappendicitis(Group?Ⅰ),100patientswithotherintra-abdominalinfections(GroupⅡ),and100healthyindividuals(GroupⅢ)betweenJanuary2012andJanuary2013.Theage,gender,andwhitebloodcellcount,neutrophilpercentage,meanplateletvolume,andplateletdistributionwidthvaluesfrombloodsampleswerecomparedamongthegroups.StatisticalanalyseswereperformedusingSPSSforWindows21.0software.Inaddition,thesensitivity,specificity,positiveandnegativepredictivevaluesandlikelihoodratios,anddiagnosticaccuracywerecalculated.RESULTS:Themeanagesofpatientswere29.9±12.0yearsforGroup?Ⅰ,31.5±14.0yearsforGroupⅡ,and30.4±13.0yearsforGroupⅢ.Demographicfeaturessuchasageandgenderwerenotsignificantlydifferentamongthegroups.Whitebloodcellcount,neutrophilpercentageandplateletdistributionwidthweresignificantlyhigherinGroup?Ⅰ?comparedtogroupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05).Diagnostically,thesensitivity,specificityanddiagnosticaccuracywere73.1%,94.0%,and78%forwhitebloodcellcount,70.0%,96.0%,and76.0%forneutrophilpercentage,29.5%,49.0%,and34.0%formeanplateletvolume,and97.1%,93.0%,and96.0%forplateletdistributionwidth,respectively.ThehighestdiagnosticaccuracydetectedwasforplateletdistributionwidthbetweenGroup?Ⅰ?andGroupⅢ(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Plateletdistributionwidthanalysiscanbeusedfordiagnosisofacuteappendicitiswithoutrequiringadditionaltests,thusreducingthecostandlossoftime.

简介：

简介：因为质地图象不能被单个象素的灰色的水平信息直接处理，我们建议反映在每个象素集中的补丁的紧张分发的一个新质地描述符。然后，Potts模型的一般多相的图象分割模型被增加质地描述符的区域信息为质地分割扩大。一个快数字计划基于裂口Bregman方法被设计加快计算过程。算法是有效的，并且质地描述符和典型函数能容易被实现。用合成质地图象，真实自然景色图象和合成的孔雷达图象的实验被介绍给在我们的方法和另外的最先进的技术之间的质的比较。结果证明我们的方法能精确地分割目标区域并且在分割自然图象特别与另外的方法相比是竞争的。

简介：Quantumkeydistribution(QKD)isamajorresearchtopicbecauseitprovidesunconditionalsecurity.Unfortunately,manyimperfectionsremaininQKD’sexperimentalrealization.TheFaraday–Michelson(FM)QKDsystemisproposedtoeliminatetheseimperfectionsusingpolarization.However,thelongarm’sphasemodulator(PM)hasanunexpectedinsertionloss,meaningthatthestatesentisnolongerperfect.Inthisletter,weproposeanalternativeFM-QKDsystemstructure,andanalyzethesecurityandkeygenerationrateincomparisonwiththeoriginalsystemviadifferentanalysismethods.WefindanobviouskeyrateimprovementwhenthePMinsertionlossisnotextremelysmall.

简介：Thispapershowsthemethodofestimatingspatiotemporaldistributionofpedestriansbyusingwatchcameras.Weestimatethedistributionwithouttrackingtechnology,withpedestrian’sprivacyprotectedandinUmedaundergroundmall.Latelyspatiotemporaldistributionofpedestrianshasbeingincreasinglyimportantinthefieldofurbanplanning,disasterpreventionplanning,marketingandsoon.Althoughmanyresearchershavetriedtocapturetheinformationoflocationasdealingwithsomesensors,someproblemsstillremain,suchastheinvestmentofsensors,therestrictionofthenumberofpeoplewhohasthedevicetheyareabletocapture.Fromsuchbackground,wedevelopanoriginallabellingalgorithmandestimatethespatiotemporaldistributionofpedestriansandtheinformationofthepassingtimeandthedirectionofpedestriansfromsequentialimagesofawatchcamera.

简介：

简介：Thereisaneedtostandardizemethodsassociatedwiththedispersionofnanomaterialsinnano（eco）toxicologicalinvestigations.Thefirststeptowardthisgoalistounderstandthedegreeofvariabilitythatexistsinnanomaterialdispersionspreparedbyusingdifferentprotocols.Usingtwocasestudies,thedegreeofvariabilityinTiO2nanomaterialdispersionswasassessedbydifferentialcentrifugalsedimentation（DCS）methods.Casestudy1addressesthevariabilitythatarisesfromvariationswithinoneprotocol,investigatingtheeffectsofdispersionaging,sonicationexposuretime,sonicationinthepresence/absenceofanicebath,materialsubsampling,particleconcentrationandhavingapre-wettingstep.Casestudy2addressesthevariabilitybetweenfourdifferentprotocolsdevelopedthroughpastresearchactivitiesandprojects.Theresultsindicatethatthereisalargedegreeofvariability（relativestandarddeviation（RSD）ofmeanparticlediameter=26%）inthedispersionofTiO2nanomaterialsbetweenthefourdifferentprotocolsstudiedandthatseveralstepsinadispersionprotocolarepotentialsourcesofvariation,withfinalparticleconcentrationbeingthemostsignificant.Theimplicationofthisstudyisclear:forthepurposeofdatacomparability,thereisaneedtoprovidetheexactdetailsofallstepsinvolvedinadispersionprotocol.

简介：Theeffectofparticlesizedistributionofaluminahasbeeninvestigatedforsilica-freetabularaluminalowcementcastables(LCC).Threedifferentcombinationsofaluminahavebeenincludedinthematrixformulationofthecastables.Allthethreecombinationsarecomposedofabimodalreactivealuminaandafinegroundmonomodalreactivealumina.ThefirstA1andsecondA2combinationsarerespectivelycomposedofbimodalandmonomodalaluminasfromAlteo,withadifferentfine/coarseparticlesratioforthebimodalalumina.ThetwoAlteocombinationshavebeencomparedwithathirdcombinationCcomposedofabimodalcommerciallyavailablegradeandamonomodalcommerciallyavailablegrade.OptimizationofparticlesizepackinghasbeenperformedforthethreedifferentformulationsusingtheDingerandFunkmodel.Withthisoptimization,thetwoformulationsbasedonAlteomaterial(PFR,PBRandPFR40)achievethesamelevelofperformanceinapplicativetests(flowability,coldphysicalproperties,mechanicalresistance,crystallinephases,thermalshocksandcorrosion)asreferencesolutionsonthemarket.

简介：纸的目的是估计Wasserstein测量的密度功能或分发功能公制的，统计距离的一种典型类型，它通常在统计学习被要求。基于古典伯恩斯坦近似，一个计划被介绍。得到计划的错误估计，到为单调C1功能估计伯恩斯坦近似的L1标准的问题拐弯，它是很少在古典近似理论讨论了。最后，我们由统计距离得到概率估计。

简介：在在东方的种类和土壤因素之间的植物种类和关系的分发Gurbantunggut沙漠的中央部分被学习提供更多的卓见进植物群并且越过沙漠的各种各样的部分在植被决定差别。双向簇分析证明在区域的植被能被划分成三个组，第一个组被灌木种类，Ephedraprzewalskii和草种类统治，主要在扁平的根据和轻轻的斜坡的区域的Carexphysodes；第二个组被C统治。physodes，Artemisiasongorica和A。主要沙沙丘和第三个组的斜坡上的xerophytica被灌木种类统治，主要沙沙丘的顶上的Haloxylonpersicum。在植物密度在之间没有差别组织1和2，但是在组3有重要减少。不到植被组3的土壤水比在其它，二个组根本玷污深度的低得多。EC，有机物，全部的P和可溶的Na，Ca和Mg与土壤水很同样变化了。正规通讯分析(CCA)令人满意地在区域估计了种类土壤关系。植物种类的分发强烈与水内容，有机物，EC和营养素的土壤因素被相关。在三把CCA斧子解释的种类出现的变化是大约70%，显示一些解释地点变量可以在我们的学习参数外面存在。土壤质地被建议在未来研究被包括改进CCA的解释。

简介：

简介：Thecurrentsheathvelocityin0.25TorrgaspressureofFilippovtypeplasmafocusisstudiedexperimentally.Byusingtwotridimensionalmagneticprobesontopoftheanodesurface,thecurrentsheathvelocityismeasuredforargon,oxygenandnitrogen.Additionally,theeffectofchargingvoltageonthecurrentsheathvelocityisstudiedinbothaxialandradialphases.Wefoundthat,themaximumcurrentsheathvelocitiesatbothradialandaxialphasesarerespectively4.33±0.28(cm/μs)and3.92±0.75(cm/μs)withargonastheworkinggasat17kV.Also,theminimumvaluesofcurrentsheathvelocityare1.48±0.15(cm/μs)attheradialphaseand1.14±0.09(cm/μs)attheaxialphasewithoxygenat12kV.Thecurrentsheathvelocityattheradialphaseishigherthanthatattheaxialphaseforallgasesandvoltages.Inthisstudy,variationofthefullwidthhalfmaximum(FWHM)ofmagneticprobesignalswithvoltageisinvestigatedfordifferentgasesatradialandaxialphases.

简介：

简介：