简介：<正>患者,女性,17岁。因右侧进行性鼻塞10年,于1999年2月26日住院。检查见右侧鼻腔少量血迹,鼻前庭皮肤糜烂,下鼻道见一硬性肿物,带蒂,与周围组织粘连,色暗。肿物充满鼻腔,触之较硬,有痛感。既往身体健康,否认有鼻外伤史。自诉7岁时将一粒自行车钢珠塞入右侧鼻腔内,至今未取出。1999年2月26日行鼻腔肿物摘除术,术中见肿物位于下鼻道内,带蒂,剥离粘连之肿物后,断蒂,用

简介：<正>先天性第一鳃沟发育异常形成的瘘管在临床上很少见,误诊率很高。笔者收治二例,现报道如下:例1,患者男,21岁,因右耳后反复红肿、流脓8年于1996年5月9日入院。患者8年前无诱因出现右耳后红肿、疼痛,皮肤破溃后流出粘稠黄绿色脓液,排脓后症状消失。此后每年反复出现右耳

简介：睫状神经营养因子（ciliaryneurotrophicfactor，CNTF）是神经保护因子中被研究的最多的因子之一，细胞包囊技术（encapsulatedcelltechnology，ECT）为CNTF的临床应用提供了安全有效的给药途径。大量的研究证据表明，CNTF对视网膜色素变性、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视神经损伤等眼部疾病具有神经保护作用。本文就CNTF与眼病的相关研究进展进行综述。

简介：AIM:Toevaluatethelong-termresultsandcomplicationsofahmedglaucomavalve(AGV)implantationinrefractoryglaucoma.·METHODS:Aretrospectivereviewof13patients(13eyes)withrefractoryglaucomawhounderwentAGVimplantationandhadaminimumfollow-upof18monthswasperformed.Allpatientsunderwentacompleteophthalmologicexaminationandintraocularpressure(IOP)measurementbeforesurgeryandat1month,3months,6months,1yearaftersurgeryandyearlyafterwards.Complicationsandthenumberofantiglaucomamedicationsneededwererecorded.·RESULTS:Meanagewas27.3±16.0years.Alleyes(100%)hadatleastonepriorincisionalsurgery.Meanfollow-upwas61.3±30.8months.IOPwasreducedfromameanof35.0±7.0mmHgto18.2±7.9mmHgat12monthsandto17.0±4.1mmHgat96months(P<0.05)withalowernumberofmedicationsfrombaseline,76.9%patientsrequiredadditionalprocedurestoachievethesuccesscriteriasetbypreviouslypublishedseries.Themostcommoncomplicationswereencapculatedcystformationineighteyes(61.5%)andtubeexposureinfoureyes(30.8%).·CONCLUSION:EncapsulatedcystformationwasthemostcommoncomplicationwhichhinderedsuccesfulIOPcontrolafterAGVimplantinsertionforrefractoryglaucoma.Despitecystexcisionwithanti-fibroticagents,successfulIOPreductionwasnotachievedin76.9%ofthepatientswithoutantiglaucomamedication.

简介：视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）会出现缺血区，产生血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。VEGF是视网膜和脉络膜新生血管形成的主要刺激物，它可以增加血管的通透性，引起黄斑水肿，严重影响视力。随着抗VEGF药物的出现，针对黄斑水肿的治疗取得良好效果。抗VEGF药物已经成为治疗RVO黄斑水肿的一线用药。

简介：嗅觉系统的嗅鞘细胞（olfactoryensheathingcells，OECs）能够促进嗅神经的功能恢复，因此OECs移植可能具有促进神经元轴突再生的功能。OECs可通过分泌多种黏附分子和营养因子，对再生轴突发挥趋化引导作用；调节脑信号蛋白3A、神经纤毛蛋白-1等神经生长抑制相关因子及受体的表达等多种机制，为轴突的再生提供了良好的环境。

简介：目的：探讨胎牛血清对小鼠角膜上皮细胞生长和分化的影响。方法：分别在无血清低钙培养基（KSFM）和含100mL／L胎牛血清的KSFM中培养小鼠角膜上皮细胞。比较两种培养基中角膜上皮细胞的群体倍增（PD）。通过RT-PCR和Westernblotting方法检测p63、角蛋白19以及involucrin的表达。结果：在KSFM中，小鼠角膜上皮细胞可稳定传代超过25代，但在含胎牛血清的培养基中，细胞仅能存活3代。在KSFM中，培养细胞呈典型铺路石样外观，RT-PCR和Westernblotting结果显示细胞表达p63、角蛋白19以及involucrin。当培养基中加入胎牛血清后，细胞形态明显增大，呈扁平状；involucrin表达显著增强。结论：胎牛血清可抑制小鼠角膜上皮细胞增生、诱导其分化。

简介：目的观察角膜营养不良患者行穿透性角膜移植的临床效果。方法对10例(11眼)角膜营养不良患者行穿透性角膜移植术进行治疗。结果随访时间12-36月,11眼中有10眼角膜植片透明(91％),矫正视力≥0．5者10眼。结论穿透性角膜移植是治疗角膜营养不良的有效手术方法。

简介：儿童眼球的生长、发育及稳定离不开眼球血管的发生和成熟。正常视网膜血管形成起始于血管生成（vasculogenesis）,终止于血管新生（angiogenesis）。促血管生成因子（pro-angiogenicfactors）和抗血管生成因子（anti-angiogenicfactors）共同作用调节血管新生的过程。缺氧和炎症等多种刺激可以导致病理性的血管新生[1]。

简介：P75神经营养受体是最早发现的神经营养因子受体,既往认为其主要作为高亲和力受体的辅助受体间接发挥作用.近年来研究表明,P75神经营养受体在神经系统的发育中有诱导细胞凋亡作用.现阐述其在视网膜神经细胞生长,分化以及逆向运输神经营养因子等方面的作用.

简介：AIM:Toreportthelong-termvision-threateningcomplicationsinpatientswhounderwentphakicintraocularlens(pIOLs)implantationforhighmyopia.METHODS:Thisstudywasdesignedfromaconsecutiveseriesofphakicintraocularlenscomplicationandcorrectivesurgeries.Sixteeneyesof13patientshadimplantationofphakicintraocularlensforcorrectionhighmyopiaanddevelopedseriouscomplicationshavebeenincludedinthisstudy.Themeanageofpatientswas38.6±6.35y(range32-50y)andthemeantimeofhistoryofpIOLimplantationforhighmyopiawas6±2y(range2-10y).Beforecorrectivesurgery,bestspectaclecorrectivevisualacuity(BSCVA)rangedfromperceptionto20/200intheeyesinwhichseverecomplicationsoccurred.RESULTS:Cornealdecompensationoccurredin12eyesof9highmyopicpatientsafteranteriorchamberpIOLimplantation.Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachment(RRD)occurredin4eyesof4highmyopicpatientsfollowinganteriorchamberandposteriorchamberpIOLimplantation.Patientswithcornealdecompensation,hadcombinedproceduresconsistingofpIOLremovalandpenetratingkeratoplasty(PKP).RemovalsofpIOL,phacoemulsificationandparsplanavitrectomy(PPV)withsiliconeoiltamponadewereperformedinpatientswithRRD.Aftercorrectivesurgeries,allpatientsbutone(P+,patient2,righteye)achievedmoderateBSCVArangedfrom20/200to20/50atthelastvisit.CONCLUSION:PhakicIOLsmaybeeffectiveforthecorrectionofhighmyopia.AlthoughtheseIOLsmayhaveseverecomplicationsanditaffectssafetyandefficacyofthissurgery.Asseenhere,cornealdecompensationandrhegmatogenousretinaldetachmentarepossiblepostoperativevision-threateningcomplicationsofphakicIOLs.Patientsmustbecarefullyexaminedbeforeandaftersurgeryforpossibleendothelialcelllossandvitreoretinalproblems.

简介：AIM:ToInvestigatetheeffectsoftransforminggrowthfactorβ2(TGF-β2)andconnectivetissuegrowthfactor(CTGF)ontransdifferentiationofhumanlensepithelialcells(HLECs)culturedinvitroandsynthesisofextracellularmatrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECsweretreatedwithTGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)andCTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)fordifferenttimes(0,24,48,72h)invitroandtheexpressionofα-smoothmuscleactin(α-SMA),themaincomponentoftheextracellularmatrixtypeⅠcollagen(Col-1)andfibronectin(Fn)weremeasuredbyusingreal-timepolymerasechainreaction(PCR)andwestern-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2andCTGFsignificantlyincreasedexpressionofα-SMAmRNAandprotein(P<0.05,P<0.001),FnmRNAandprotein(P<0.001),Col-1mRNAandprotein(P<0.001).TGF-β2couldinduceHLECsexpressionofCTGFmRNAandproteinindosedependentmanner(P<0.05,P<0.001).TGF-β2andCTGFcouldinduceHLECstoexpressα-SMA,FnandCol-1intime-dependentmanner.EachtimeofTGF-β2andCTGFinducedHELCsexpressionofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1mRNAandproteinwassignificantincreasecomparedwithcontrol(P<0.05,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2andCTGFcouldinduceHLECsepithelialmesenchymaltransitionandECMsynthesis.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatethesideeffectsofthecommonlyusedlasertreatmentalongwithtestingtheneuroprotectiveeffectofbFGFonapotentialretinalimpairment.METHODS:Todothis,30chinchillapigmentedadultmalerabbitsweredividedintothecontrolandexperimentalgroups.ThecontrolandexperimentalgroupsunderwentbothlaserapplicationandbFGFtreatment.Theretinaltissueimpairmentanditsrenewalrateweretestedunderthelightandelectronmicroscopicallevels.RESULTS:Thefocallaserapplicationonrabbiteyescausedmorphologicalalterationsbothintheapplicationregionandintheneighbouringareas.Inthedamagedareas,theouternuclearlayeroftheneuralretinawasalmostdisappeared,retinapigmentepitheliumwasinterrupted,theretinapigmentepitheliummigratedintraretinally,andthedamagedregionalongwithneighbouringareasseemedtobenotseparated.bFGFapplicationjustafterthelaserphotocoagulation,revealedbetterresultsinapplicationareas.CONCLUSION:ItcouldbesuggestedthatthebFGFapplicationfollowinglaserphotocoagulationmighthaveprotective,repairingandwoundhealingeffectsontheretina.

简介：1概述息肉样脉络膜血管病变（polypoidalchoroidalvasculopathy,PCV）目前被认为是新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性（age-relatedmaculardegeneration,AMD）的一种亚型或是一种独立的疾病,是以脉络膜异常分枝状血管网（branchingvascularnetwork,BVN）末端息肉样扩张灶（polyps）为特征的。

简介：AIM:ToanalyzecasesofobstructionofthenasolacrimalductwhichcreatesafertileenvironmentforsecondarybacterialInfectionandcanresultindacryocystitis,whichisaconstantthreattocorneaandorbitalsofttissueandapotentialsourceofendophthalmitisfollowingintraocularsurgery.Themajorityofobstructionsofthelacrimalexcretoryoutflowsystemareacquiredonesoccurringinadulthoodandinvolvingthedistalpartsofthesystem.Acquiredobstructionmaybeprimary/idiopathicorsecondarytoawidevarietyofinfectious,inflammatory,traumatic,mechanical,toxicorneoplasticcausesmimickingidiopathicinflammation.Thesecasesaretreatedbydacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).METHODS:Thepresentstudywasconductedtodeterminethehistopathologic,immunohistochemicalandcurrentmicrobiologiccharacteristicsoflacrimalsacspecimensinpatientsundergoingexternaldacryocystorhinostomy.RESULTS:Non-specificlacrimalsacpathologywaspresentinall33casesand81.8%ofthecasesshowedmoderatechronicinflammationwithachronicinflammatoryscore(CIS)rangingbetween4and6,whereas12.12%showedsevereinflammatorychangeswithaCISof7.Milddegreeofinflammationwasseenin6.06%withaCISof3.Thetotalprevalenceofgrampositive,gram-negative,andculture-negativesampleswere59.4%,37.5%,and3%respectively.CONCLUSION:Non-specificchronicinflammationwithfibrosisisindeedthemostcommonlyreportedhistopathologicalfindinginlacrimalsacwallbiopsyspecimens.

简介：Thekeratoprosthesis(KPro;artificialcornea)isaspecialrefractivedevicetoreplacehumancorneabyusingheterogeneousformingmaterialsfortheimplantationintothedamagedeyesinordertoobtainacertainvision.Themainproblemsofartificialcorneaarethebiocompatibilityandstabilityofthetissueparticularlyinpenetratingkeratoplasty.Thecurrentstudiesoftissue-engineeredscaffoldmaterialsthroughcomprisingcompositesofnaturalandsyntheticbiopolymerstogetherhavedevelopedanewwaytoartificialcornea.Althoughawideagreementthatthelong-termstabilityofthesedeviceswouldbegreatlyimprovedbythepresenceofcorneacells,modificationofkeratoprosthesistosupportcorneacellsremainselusive.Mostofthestudiesoncornealsubstratematerialsandsurfacemodificationofcompositeshavetriedtoimprovethegrowthandbiocompatibilityofcorneacellswhichcannotonlyreducethestimulusofheterogeneousmaterials,butalsomoreimportantlycontinuousandstablecorneacellscanpreventthedestructionofcollagenase.Thenecrosisofstromaandspontaneousextrusionofthedevice,allowformaintenanceofaprecornealtearlayer,andplaytheroleofensuringagoodopticalsurfaceandresistingbacterialinfection.Asaresult,improvementincornealcellshasbeenthemainaimofseveralrecentinvestigations;someefforthasfocusedonbiomaterialforitswellbiologicalpropertiessuchaspromotingthegrowthofcorneacells.Thepurposeofthisreviewistosummarythegrowthstatusofthecornealcellsaftertheimplantationofseveralartificialcorneas.

简介：糖尿病的发病率日益攀升,随之,严重影响患者视力的糖尿病性黄斑水肿（diabeticmacularedema,DME）的危害也日显严峻。如何治疗DME,提高患者生存质量成为医患共同关注的问题。1DME的基本机制糖尿病视网膜病变不管在非增殖期还是增殖期,都可出现黄斑水肿,黄斑区局部的微血管瘤渗漏可引起局灶性水肿,而后极部毛细血管的广泛渗漏则引起弥漫性黄斑水肿。

简介：目的：评价聚乙二醇滴眼液联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液治疗干眼症的疗效。方法：干眼症患者51例102眼，双眼自身对照，随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给予聚乙二醇滴眼液和重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液，均4次／d，两种滴眼液之间间隔5～10min。对照组给予聚乙二醇滴眼液滴眼，4次／d，连续用药1mo后复查。观察每组用药前后SchirmerI试验，BUT，角膜荧光素染色和症状改善情况。结果：两组治疗前后BUT，角膜荧光素染色和症状都有显著差异（P〈0．05）。两组治疗前后SchirmerI试验结果无显著差异（P〉0．05）。治疗后两组BUT，角膜荧光素染色和症状也有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：聚乙二醇滴眼液联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液对治疗干眼症有明显的疗效。

简介：糖尿病视网膜病变（diabeticretinopathy,DR）进入增殖期,出现玻璃体积血（vitreoushemorrhage,VH）、牵引性视网膜脱离（tractionalretinaldetachment,TRD）等,玻璃体切除术是临床干预的有效手段之一。但由于视网膜新生血管的存在,术中复杂且难以预估的出血,不仅干扰术者的手术视野,增加各种手术器械的更换频度,提高手术难度,延长手术时间,同时也对治疗的预后有着不可忽视的不良影响。

简介：AIM:Toexaminetheexpressionofsurvivinandvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)duringthedevelopmentofretinalneovascularization(NV)inamousemodel.·METHODS:Awell-characterizedmurinemodelofretinalNVwasusedtostudytheexpressionofsurvivinandVEGF.NVoftheretinawasinducedinmicebyexposureto75%O2frompostnataldayP7toP12,followedbyreturntoroomairfromP12toP17.ExpressionofsurvivinandVEGFproteinwasanalyzedbyImmunohistochemistry.Inaddition,mousemodelofproliferativeretinopathywasanalyzedbyretinalfluoresceinangiographyandquantificationanalysis.·RESULTS:Thenormalmicehadbothsuperfiekalanddeepvascularlayersthatextendedfromtheopticnervetotheperiphery.Inintraocularpressure(IOP)micewerecharacterizedbyrepresentatypicalpatternofpathologicalretinalNV.Therearelessorlittlenucleiofnewvesselsvascularendothelialcellbreakingthroughtheinnerretinalthaninretinopathyofprematurity(ROP)mice,largeclustersofbloodvesselswereadherenttotheinternallimitingmembrane(ILM)(0.27±0.20vs23.38±1.027,t=9.454,P<0.001).DuringtheangiogenicperiodfromP13toP17,survivinandVEGFproteinexpressionincreasedinexperimentalretinascomparedwithcontrolsamples(2.56±0.46vs3.34±0.40,t=17.43,P<0.01:2.18±0.75vs4.34±0.25,t=19.61,P<0.01).ProteinlevelsofVEGFandsurvivnhassignificantlypositivecorrelation(P<0.05,r=0.411).·CONCLUSION:CorrelationwasmadeattheproteinlevelsofsurvivinexpressioncomparedwiththatofVEGFinamurinemodelofretinalNV,whichsuggestsatemporalroleforsurvivinandVEGFinnewvesselformationinresponsetohypoxicstimulation.