简介：Paediatricretinaldetachment(PRD)isanuncommonandchallengingdisease;itdiffersfromadultdetachmentsinetiology,anatomicalcharacteristics,managementandprognosis.PRDscanbeparticularlychallenging,evenforthemostexpertpaediatricsurgeonsduetothehigherprevalenceoftotalretinaldetachments,latediagnosisandbilateralinvolvementwithrespecttothosewhichoccurinadulthood.Moreover,theanatomicalsuccess,whenachieved,isfrequentlynotrelatedtoafunctionalrecover.Postsurgicaladverseevents,refractiveerrorsandamblyopiamayadditionallyunderminethefinaloutcome.Uptodatetherearefewreviewsregardingtheapproachofretinaldetachmentinchildren,mainlydealingwithrhegmatogenousretinaldetachment.Inthisreview,rhegmatogenous,retinopathyofprematurityrelatedandCoats'-relatedPRDswereconsidered.Theavailableliteraturefromthelastdecadeswerereviewedandsummarized.Epidemiology,etiologyandclinicalpresentation,togetherwiththerapeuticapproachesandoutcomeshavebeenreviewedanddiscussed.

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简介：AIMTo与rhegmatogenous在病人评估错过的网膜的裂缝(MRB)和以后的玻璃的分开(PVD)的原因和协会经历vitreo的病人的网膜的分开(RRD).METHODSCase表为在一个第三级的眼睛照顾中心的RRD的网膜的外科回顾地被评估。从屏蔽的378个记录，253为MRB的分析被包括，191个病人为PVD的分析被包括，取决于包括标准。在检查上注意的RRD和网膜的裂缝的特征与为可能的associations.RESULTSOverall在外科期间检测的MRB和PVD的地位相比，27%病人有MRB。当错过的网膜的眼泪与完全的PVD的存在被联系时，网膜的洞通常与格子退化在病人被错过。为奔流外科操作的病人显著地与错过是的一个网膜的裂缝的机会与MRB(P=0.033)被联系1.91作为与有自然透镜的病人相比。先进proliferativevitreoretinopathy(PVR)和网膜的bullae是为在检查期间错过一个网膜的裂缝的最普通的原因。PVD在52%盒子中是在场的并且错误地在16%被估计。网膜的bullae，pseudophakia/aphakia，近视，和马鞋网膜的眼泪强烈与PVD的存在被联系。创伤的RRD很少与网膜的bullae与PVD.CONCLUSIONPseudophakic病人，和病人被联系或先进PVR应该小心地为MRB被屏蔽。尽管Weiss戒指是PVD的好指示物，它可能仍然完了在一些情况中诊断了。PVD与网膜的bullae和pseudophakia被联系，并且相反地与创伤的RRD。

简介：<正>DearEditor,Wepresentacaseof'Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachmentfollowingelectricalshockinjury'forevaluationforpublicationinyourjournal.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstcaseofretinaltearsandretinaldetachmentcausedbyanelectricalshockreportedintheliterature.That

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhetherphotoreceptornecroptosisinducedbyz-VAD-FMK(pancaspaseinhibitor)wasinvolvedtheactivationofautophagyandwhetherNecrostatin-1,aspecificnecroptosisinhibitor,couldinhibitthisinductionofautophagyafterexperimentalretinaldetachment.METHODS:ExperimentalretinaldetachmentmodelswerecreatedinSprague-Dawleyratsbysubretinalinjectionofsodiumhyaluronateandsubretinalinjectionsofz-VAD-FMK,vehicleorz-VAD-FMKplusNecrostatin-1.Threedaysafterretinaldetachment,morphologicchangeswereobservedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Inotheranimals,retinasweresubjectedtoimmunoprecipitationandWesternBlotting,thenprobedwithanti-RIP1,phosphoserine,LC-3IIorcaspase8antibody.RESULTS:Itwasprovedbyimmunoprecipitationandwesternblotting,thatphotoreceptornecroptosiswasmediatedbycaspase-8inhibitionandreceptorinteractingproteinkinase(RIP1)phosphorylationactivation.TransmissionelectronmicroscopeandwesternblottingresultsindicatedthatphotoreceptornecroptosiswasinvolvedtheLC-3IIandautophagosomesinduction.WealsodiscoveredNecrostatin-1couldinhibitRIP1phosphorylationandLC-3IIinduction.CONCLUSION:Thesedatafirstlyindicatephotoreceptornecroptosisisassociatedwiththeactivationofautophagy.Necrostatin-1protectsphotoreceptorsfromnecroptosisandautophagybydown-regulationofRIP1phosphorylationandLC-3II.

简介：DinggyeliesinthemiddlepartoftheHimalayanOrogen.AlotoflowangleextensiondetachmentfaultshavebeendevelopedinDinggyeareaandsomeofthemmakeupthemainbodyoftheSouthTibetDetachmentSystem.Onthewhole,theextensiondirectionofallthedetachmentfaultsisperpendiculartothestrikeoftheHimalayanOrogen.Eachdetachmentfaulthasitsdistinctcharacteristics.Mylonitewasextensivelydevelopedinthedetachmentfaultsandcanbedividedintoavarietyoftypessuchassiliceousmylonite,felsicmylonite,granitemylonite,protomylonite,crystallizationmyloniteandsoon.Onthebasisofourfieldsurveyworks,thesedetachmentfaultscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheirlocationsintothreeunitslistedasfollows:(1)Inthenorthernpartofthestudyarea,thedetachmentfaultsoccuronlargescaleandinorbicularshape,andformthemiddlelayerofthemetamorphiccorecomplexes.(2)Inthesouthernpartofthestudyarea,thedetachmentfaultsoccurinlinearshapethatisparalleltotheHimalayanOrogenandhasastableattitude,andhaveundergonetwophasesofdevelopment.Inthefirstphase,theRouqiechunGrouprockswereformedandmakeupthehangingwall,whileinthesecondphasetheJiachunGrouprockswereformedandmakeupthehangingwall.(3)Inthesoutheastempartofthestudyarea,thedetachmentfaultsstrikenearlyalongsoutheastdirectioninastablewayandsomeofthesedetachmentfaultsweredistortedbythelate-formedfaultsandfolds.Furthermore,inthesouthwesternpartofthestudyarea,theductileshearzonesareparalleltothedetachmentfaults.

简介：Atechniqueispresentedforcreatingsurface-adheringdustlayersunderdefinedconditions,andcharacterizingandstressingthelayerscreated.Theproceduredescribedisshowntobesuitableforthequantitativeevaluationoftheeffectsofdifferentparameterssuchasparticlesize,porosityandsurfaceroughnessetc.onthestabilityofparticlelayers.

简介：Thebasin-and-rangeareaineasternNorthChinaisknownforfrequentoccurrenceofearthquakes,theirgreatmagnitudesandheavylossestherebyincurred.Seismicstudiesinthepastusuallyemphasizedtheintersections,inflexionsandbranchesofthefaults.However,theintensitiesofmanygreatearthquakesinthisareadonotshowlineardistribution,andtheepicentersarehorizontallydispersedatcertaindepthsinsteadofalongthestrikeoffaults.Basedonthesub-mantleplumestudiesmadebyauthorsinthepastdecade,itisthoughtthatthereexistsanupliftedsub-mantleplumeunderthefaultdepressionareainNorthChina.Theupliftingandintrusionofmantlematerialscausedtheuppercrusttobefaulted,whilelow-velocityandhigh-velocitylayersarealternativelydistributedinthemiddlecrustundertheinfluenceofthemantleandthelowercrust.Themiddleandlowercrustmaterialsweredetachedfromthetopofthesubmantleplumetothesurroundingswhilethesub-mantleplumematerialsweredetachedoutward.Whenthedetachedmiddleandlowercrustcometotheboundaryoffaultbasinsintheuppercrust,theywillbeobstructedbytheorogeniczoneandthedetachmentwillgoslower.Theshearingbetweenthemwillcausethestresstoaccumulateandreleasealternatively,sothatearthquakesoccurredfrequentlyintheareasofsub-mantleplumeanditssurroundings.

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简介：AIMTo在在为复杂网膜的detachment.METHODSWe经历retinectomy的病人的硅酮油(ROSO)的移动执行了为复杂网膜的分开在retinectomy以后经历了ROSO的病人的回顾的盒子笔记评论以后，评估功能的结果。有不到6mo的病人列在后面在上面并且周期性的网膜的分开追随者ROSO是excluded.RESULTSThirty--六个病人被包括。吝啬的最好改正的视觉尖酸(BCVA)pre-ROSO是1.13logMAR(SD0.5)。吝啬的BCVA3mo追随者ROSO是1.16logMAR(SD0.53)，6mo追随者ROSO1.13(SD0.63)，和跟随ROSO1.18(SD0.69)的12mo。在在ROSO以后的12mo，BCVA在38.9%病人改善了，在25%仍然保持未改变，并且尽管在在在3点的ROSO以后的BCVA没有统计重要差别，在36.1%败坏了，6并且12mo(P=0.93)。retinectomy的尺寸从15°；到270°；(SD53)并且没影响.CONCLUSIONThere是的视觉结果(P=0.11)在在pre-和柱子之间的BCVA的没有统计上重要的差别--为复杂网膜的分开的ROSO后面的retinectomy。在与retinectomy的尺寸有关的视觉结果没有统计差别。

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简介：Inaccordancewithnonperturbativequantumscatteringtheory,weinvestigatephotoelectronangulardistributions(PADs)fromabove-thresholddetachment(ATD)ofnegativeionsirradiatedbycircularlypolarizedfew-cyclelaserfields.Electronsejectedonthepolarizationplanedemonstratedistinctanisotropiesinangulardistributionswhichdistinctlyvarywiththecarrier-envelope(CE)phase.Theanisotropyiscausedbyinterferencebetweentransitionchannels;italsodependsstronglyonlaserfrequency,pulseduration,andkineticenergyofphotoelectrons.Optimalemissionofphotoelectrons,whichvarieswithCEphase,makesitpossibletocontrolphotoelectronmotion.

简介：Yunmeng掸人变形核心建筑群(MCC)由更低的板，上面的板和分开地区组成。分开地区由组成可锻砍地区(糜棱岩地区)，chloritizedmicrobreccias地区和易碎的差错飞机。可锻砍地区包含mylonitic岩石，protomylonites，和糜棱岩。从用Rf/方法的那些岩石的长石porphyroclasts的有限紧张大小证明紧张紧张从mylonitic岩石(Es=0.660.72)增加到protomylonites(Es=0.660.83)，并且到糜棱岩(Es=0.711.2)。紧张类型接近变平紧张。运动学的涡度由极的Mohr图估计了建议糜棱岩的生叶和线条(0.47