简介:β-胡萝卜素-15,15'-加氧酶(β-carotene-15,15'-momoxygenase1,bco1)是β-胡萝卜素转化成维生素A过程中的关键酶,bco1与bco1l是编码此酶的主要基因。本实验利用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除斑马鱼的与β-胡萝卜素-15,15'-加氧酶编码相关的基因bco1与bco1l,以便深入开展对斑马鱼bco1的功能研究。分别在斑马鱼bco1与bco1l基因2号外显子选取sgRNA识别位点,体外转录制备sgRNA并与Cas9mRNA混合对斑马鱼Ⅰ细胞期受精卵进行显微注射,24h后收集部分胚胎进行PCR检测并将PCR产物进行单克隆测序确定sgRNA的有效性,构建首建鱼,并在此基础上通过PCR检测、凝胶电泳及测序筛选可遗传突变体。本研究分别获得了bco1基因突变与bco1l基因突变,分析表明这些缺失和插入均可导致编码序列的移码,为研究鱼类胡萝卜素代谢及相关发育过程等后续研究提供了材料。
简介:TheimpactofenvironmentalregulationontechnologyinnovationisahotspotincurrentresearchwherealargenumberofempiricalstudiesarebasedonPorterHypothesis(PH).However,therearestillcontroversiesinacademiaabouttheestablishmentof'weak'and'narrow'versionsofPH.Basedonthepaneldataofapplicationforpatentofenergyconservationandemissionreduction(ECER)technologyofChinesecityscaleduring2008-2014,comprehensiveenergyprice,pollutantemission,etc.,mixedregressionmodelandsystematicgeneralizedmethodofmomentsmethodwereadopted,respectively,tostudytheimpactofmarket-orientedandcommand-and-controlpolicytoolonChina’sECERtechnologyinnovation.Theresultsshowthattheenvironmentalregulationhinderedthetechnologicalinnovationintheimmediatephase;however,itturnedouttobepositiveinthefirst-lagphase.Hence,theestablishmentof“weak”PHistime-bounded.Thecommand-and-controlpolicytoolplayedamorepositiveroleinpromotingtechnologicalinnovationinthefirst-lagphasethanmarket-orientedpolicytool.Therefore,'narrow'PHisnottenable.ThereasonisthatthemainparticipantsofChina’sECERtechnologyinnovationarestate-ownedcompaniesandpublicinstitutions.Regionallyspeaking,theimpactwhichcommand-and-controlpolicytoolhasontechnologicalinnovationatsightwasnonsignificantintheeastern,thecentral,andthewesternregionsofChinawhilstmarket-orientedpolicytoolhadanegativeeffect.Andmarket-orientedpolicytoolinthecentralregionhadstrongestnegativeeffect,whichwoulddiminishintheeasternregionandbecomeweakestinthewesternregion.Thiswasrelatedtoregionalenergyconsumptionlevelandthemarketeconomicvitality.
简介:ThispaperanalyzesthethreemainfundamentalissuesinthedesignofChina’sETSpilots,includingallowanceallocation,pricemechanismandstate-ownedkeyenterprises,andproposedsuggestedsolutions.Fortheissueofallowanceallocation,wesuggestthatthegradualhybridmodecouldbeappliedatthebeginning,whichstartswithmainlyfreeallocationandthenincreasesauctionratiogradually.Andgrandfatheringisasuitablemethodoffreeallocation.Fortheissueofpricemechanism,wesuggestapricefloatingzonewithopenmarketoperationtoreducetheuncertaintyofprices.Fortheissueofstate-ownedkeyenterprises,wesuggestagoodcoordinationwithSASAC,definingthestate-ownedpropertyrightandsupervisionrightwhenstate-ownedkeyenterprisesareinvolvedintothecarbonmarket,andthelocalgovernmentcansetrulesofallocationandtransactiontolimittheirpotentialmarketpower.
简介:Researchingthedynamicdistributioncharacteristicsandtrendevolutionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsisofconsiderablesignificanceinformulatinganeffectiveagriculturalcarbonreductionpolicy.Basedonmeasurementofagriculturalcarbonemissionsof31provincesovertheperiod2002-2011,thestudyobservedregionaldifferencesandthedynamicevolutionofdistributionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsusingagriculturalcarbonintensityastheindicator,accompaniedbyGinicoefficientsandthekerneldensityestimationmethod.TheresultsdemonstratefirstthatagriculturalcarbonemissionsforChinashowanobviousnonequilibriumnatureinregardtospatialdistribution.Accordingtothedifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissionsdynamictrends,wedividedthe31regionsintofourtypes-continuousdecline,fluctuatingdecline,continuousincrease,andfluctuatingincrease.Further,agriculturalcarbonemissionsintensityshowedadownwardtrendwithsignificantdifferencesintheresearchareas.Second,thegapinspatialdistributionofnationalagriculturalcarbonemissionsisgraduallyexpandingbasedontheresultscalculatedbyGinicoefficient.Fromtheperceptionofregionaldifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissions,theeasternregionshowedanaveragelevel,thegapwasmoreobviousinthecentralregion,whilewesternregionshowedatrendoffluctuatingdownward.Third,accordingtoestimationbykerneldensity,theregionaldisparityinagriculturalcarbonemissionshadadownward,butlimited,trend.Inregardtoagriculturalcarbonemissionsoverthethreeareas,theregionalgapnotonlytendedtodecreasebutalsoshoweda"fourway"differentiationphenomenonintheeasternregion.Thedifferenceinthecentralregiondifferencewasnarrower.Onthewhole,thegapforthewesternregionreducedsteadilyoverasmallrange.
简介:为解决吐哈油田温米采油厂水质处理不稳定、系统腐蚀严重等问题,对采油厂含油污水生化处理系统主要设备的运行状况和处理后污水回注性能进行评价。分析了生化处理系统处理后生化池空气中H2S含量超标的原因,即有大量SRB和硫化物进入调节池和生化池,曝气装置将H2S带入空气中造成空气中H2S超标。针对问题提出对策措施,并进行了现场应用,监测结果显示:调节池HzS浓度≤10mg/m3,生化池H2S浓度≤2mg/m3,符合GBZ2.1~2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》的标准要求。有效提高了含油污水处理水质,消除了安全隐患。
简介:双酚S(BPS)和双酚F(BPF)作为双酚A(BPA)的替代品在工业中被广泛使用。近年来BPS和BPF在水环境中不断检出,因其难降解、易蓄积,可能会对水生态系统和人体健康造成不利影响。因此对BPS和BPF在水、沉积物等水环境介质中污染状况进行综述,发现BPS和BPF的含量有日益升高的趋势,甚至在某些水体中的浓度超过BPA。然后,从急性毒性、内分泌干扰效应、发育毒性等3个方面,阐述了它们对水生生物产生的毒理效应。并且基于水环境介质中的检出浓度和实验室毒理数据,对水体和沉积物中BPS和BPF的生态风险进行评估,发现沉积物中的风险要高于水体。最后对目前研究局限以及未来的研究方向进行了探讨和展望。
简介:以水热法原位制备了BiOCl1-xIx(x=0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1)材料,采用XRD、SEM、BET、SPS和UV-VisDRS等手段对BiOCl1-xIx进行了表征。结果表明,所制备BiOCl1-xIx(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8)不是BiOCl与BiOI的简单物理混合,而是形成了一种固溶体材料,有效促进了光生电子和空穴的分离效率。在模拟太阳光下(500W氙灯),BiOCl0.8I0.2显示了优异的光催化降解苯酚活性,其对苯酚的降解速率常数为0.128h^-1,分别是BiOCl、BiOI及商用P25的7倍、18倍和2倍。循环稳定性试验表明,BiOCl0.8I0.2在循环使用5次后,光催化降解苯酚活性只下降5.5%,且反应前后的XRD图谱基本不变,表明BiOCl0.8I0.2具有良好的稳定性能。
简介:摘要:本文以某水电站1号主变低后备保护跳闸为例,对电站线路、主变、机组大电流保护整定配置进行了浅析,并针对此次事件,提出了避免400V厂用系统全厂失电及相关模拟量合理上送的优化措施,提高了受系统冲击,机组甩负荷后,厂用电合理快速恢复的可靠性。可为同类型电厂提供参考。