简介:重点词汇1.anyonepron.任何人anyone相当于anybody,通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。Iwon’ttellanyoneIsawyouhere.我不会告诉任何人我在这儿见过你。注意:(1)由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。(2)不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要放在不定代词后面,作后置定语。Isthereanythinginterestinginthebook?这本书中有有趣的东西吗?2.seemv.好像;似乎;看来Everythingseemseasy.一切似乎很容易。
简介:同步讲解SectionA1.Well,onSaturdaymorning,Iplayedbadminton.星期六早上我打了羽毛球。(1)on表示在某一天或某一天的某段时间。如:onMonday在周一onSundayafternoon在周日下午onMarch7th,2015在2015年3月7日onChristmasDay在圣诞节这一天(2)in表示在某年、某季节、某月、某周和泛指在上午、下午、晚上。如:
简介:本单元知识网络同步讲解SectionA1.Well,onSaturdaymorning,Iplayedbadminton.星期六早上我打了羽毛球。(1)on表示在某一天或某一天的某段时间。如:onMonday在周一onSundayafternoon在周日下午onMarch7th,2015在2015年3月7日onChristmasDay在圣诞节这一天(2)in表示在某年、某季节、某月、某周和泛指在上
简介:Investigatinghowcropdomesticationandearlyfarmingmediatedcropattributes,distributions,andinteractionswithantagonistsmayshedlightontoday'sagriculturalpestproblems.Cropdomesticationgenerallyinvolvedartificialselectionfortraitsdesirabletoearlyfarmers,forexample,increasedproductivityoryield,andenhancedqualities,thoughinvariablyitalteredtheinteractionsbetweencropsandinsects,andexpandedthegeographicalrangesofcrops.Thus,somestudiessuggestthatwithcropdomesticationandspread,insectpopulationsonwildcropancestorsgaverisetopestiferousinsectpopulationsoncrops.Here,weaddressedwhethertheemergenceofcornleafhopper(Dalbulusmaidis)asanagriculturalpestmaybeassociatedwithdomesticationandearlyspreadofmaize(Zeamaysmays).WeusedAFLPmarkersandmitochondrialCOIsequencestoassesspopulationgeneticstructuringandhaplotyperelationshipsamongcornleafhoppersamplesfrommaizeanditswildrelativeZeadiploperennisfrommultiplelocationsinMexicoandArgentina.Weuncoveredsevencornleafhopperhaplotypescontainedwithintwohaplogroups,onehaplogroupcontaininghaplotypesassociatedwithmaizeandtheothercontaininghaplotypesassociatedwithZ.diploperennisinamountainoushabitat.Withinthefirsthaplogroup,onehaplotypewaspredominantacrossMexicanlocations,andanotheracrossArgentineanlocations;bothwereconsideredpestiferous.Wesuggestedthatthedivergencetimesofthemaize-associatedhaplogroupandofthe"pestiferous"haplotypesarecorrelatedwiththechronologyofmaizespreadfollowingitsdomestication.Overall,ourresultssupportahypothesispositingthatmaizedomesticationfavoredcornleafhoppergenotypespreadaptedforexploitingmaizesothattheybecamepestiferous,andthatwiththegeographicalexpansionofmaizefarming,cornleafhoppercolonizedZ.diploperennis,ahostexclusivetosecludedhabitatsthatservesasarefugeforarchaiccornleafhoppergenotypicdiversity.B
简介:ByapplyingtwononlinearGrangercausalitytestingmethodsandrollingwindowstrat-egytoexploretherelationshipbetweenspeculativeactivitiesandcrudeoilprices,theunidirectionalGrangercausalityfromspeculativeactivitiestoreturnsofcrudeoilpricesduringthehighpricephaseisdiscovered.ItisprovedthatspeculativeactivitiesdidcontributetohighcrudeoilpricesaftertheAsianfinancialcrisisandOPEC'soutputcutin1998.TheunidirectionalGrangercausalityfromreturnsofcrudeoilpricestospeculativeactivitiesissignificantingeneral.Butafter2000,withthesharpriseincrudeoilprices,thisunidirectionalGrangercausalitybecameacomplexnonlinearrelationship,whichcannotbedetectedbyanylinearGrangercausalitytest.
简介:AbstractBackground:Obesity is a fundamental factor in metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis. However, effective preventive measures are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate different surgical protocols for removing partial adipose tissue before the onset of obesity and determine whether, and by which protocol, preliminary adipose removal could exert potent preventive effects against diet-induced metabolic disorders.Methods:Male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) knockout (KO) mice were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to epididymal fat removal (Epi-FR) surgery, subcutaneous fat removal (suQ-FR) surgery, both subcutaneous and epididymal fat removal (Epi + suQ-FR) surgery, or sham-operation. After 1 week of recovery, all mice were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce metabolic disorders.Results:In the Epi-FR group and the sham-operated group, the mean numbers of the residual subcutaneous fat were 28.59 mg/g and 18.56 mg/g, respectively. The expression of relative genes such as Pparg, Cebpa, Dgat2, Fabp4 and Cd36 in the residual subcutaneous fat increased 2.62, 3.90, 3.11, 2.06, 1.78 times in the Epi-FR group compared with that in the sham-operated group. Whereas in the other fat-removal groups, the residual fat depots had no significant change in either size or gene expression, as compared with those of the sham-operated group. Plasma lipid and glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, as detected by the glucose tolerance test, were not significantly alleviated in the three fat removal groups. Liver mass or lipid content was not attenuated in any of the three fat removal groups. The atherosclerosis burdens in the entire inner aorta and aortic root did not decrease in any of the three fat removal groups.Conclusions:Our data suggest that removal of epididymal adipose or subcutaneous adipose alone or in combination before the onset of obesity did not protect against hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver, or atherosclerosis in LDL-R KO mice fed with a HFD. Hence, adipose removal possibly does not represent a potential approach in preventing obesity-related metabolic disorders in the obesity-susceptible population.
简介:Prostatic演算是普通的并且与前列腺的发炎被联系。最近,这发炎可以与前列腺carcinogenesis被联系,这被建议了。这研究的目的是在前列腺活体检视标本调查在prostatic演算和前列腺癌症(PCa)之间的关系。我们回顾地分析了经历了transrectalultrasonography(TRUS)和在2005年1月和2008年1月之间的前列腺活体检视的417个连续病人。基于活体检视调查结果,病人们被划分成良性的prostatic增生和PCa组。TRUS被用来检测prostatic演算并且测量前列腺体积。在PCa风险和年龄,浆液总数PSA层次,前列腺体积,和prostatic演算之间的关联被分析。耐心的年龄和PSA,以及在活体检视标本的prostatic演算的频率,在两个之间显著地不同这些组(P<0.05)。在PCa组,没有prostatic演算,格利森分数(GS)比在病人在有prostatic演算的病人是更高的(P=0.023)。用multivariate逻辑回归分析,我们发现了那耐心的年龄,浆液总数PSA和前列腺体积是为PCa的风险因素(P=0.001),但是prostatic演算的存在没与PCa的增加的风险被联系(P=0.13)。在结论,尽管prostatic演算的存在没被显示是为PCa的一个风险因素,prostatic演算在有PCa的病人是更普通的并且在这些人之中与更高的GS被联系。