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简介：Thepurposeofthepresentstudywastodetermineprotectivieeffectsofbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor(bFGF)oncochlearneuronsandhaircellsinvitroandinvivo.InexperimentI,culturedspiralganglionneurons(SGNs)preparedfromP3micewereexposedto20mMglutamatefor2hoursbeforetheculturemediumwasreplacedwithfreshmediumcontaining0,25,50,and100ng/mlbFGF,respectively.Fourteendayslater,allcultureswerefixedwith4%paraformaldehyde,andstainedwith1%toluidineblue.ThenumberofsurvivingSGNswerecountedandthelengthofSGNsneuritesweremeasured.Exposureto20mMglutamatefor24hoursresultedinaninhibitiononneuriteoutgrowthofSGNsandelevatedcelldeath.TreatmentofthecultureswithbFGFledtopromotionofneuriteoutgrowthandelevatednumberofsurvivingSGNs.EffectsofbFGFweredosedependentwiththehighestpotencyat100ng/ml.InexperimentⅡ,invivostudieswerecarriedoutwithguineapigsinwhichbFGForartificialperilymphwasperfusedintothecochleatoassesspossibleprotectiveeffectsofbFGFoncochlearhaircellsandcompoundactionpotentials(CAP).TheCAPsweremeasuredbefore,immediatlyand48hoursafterexposuretonoise.SignificantdifferencesinCAPwereobserved(p＜0.05)amongthebFGFperfusedgroup,controlgroup(t=3.896)andartificialperilymphperfusedgroup(t=2.520)at48hoursafternoiseexposure,CochleaewereremovedandhaircellLosswasanalyzedinsurfacepreparationspreparedfromallexperimentalanimals.Acoustictraumacausedlossof651and687innerhaircellsinthecontrolandartificialperilymphperfusedgroup,respectively.Insharpcontrast,only31innerhaircellswerelostinthebFGFperfusedears.Similarly,moreouterhaircellsdiedinthecontrolandperilymphperfuesedgroup(41830and41968,respectively)thaninthegrouptreatedwithbFGF(34258).OurresultsdemonstratethatbFGFprotectedSGNsagainstglutmateneurotoxicityinvitro.Inaddition,treatmentwithbFGFalso

简介：这研究分析社区结构，水藻的数量变化和重要环境因素的效果并且在调查区域估计依附的绿水藻的全部的生物资源。从Porphyrayezoensis水产业椽子上的依附的绿水藻的调查的学习使用数据和关于到在Subei的2011年4月的从2010年10月的环境因素的数据变浅。椽子上的依附的绿水藻包括了Ulvaprolifera，Capsosiphongroenlandicus，U。linza，U。intestinalis，U。clathrata，和U。compressa。依附的绿水藻的生物资源变化展出了一根转换抛物线：生物资源最高(14898t)在4月，并且第二最高(2034t)在11月；它在2月(仅仅729t)是最低的并且从三月严厉地增加了到4月。种类差异在季节之中显著地不同。在9月和10月，什么时候P。yezoensis水产业椽子开始被建立，，依附的绿水藻从12月有高生物多样性到下一2月，，许多绿水藻种类在椽子上共存了生物资源是低的，并且从三月到4月作为严厉地增加的生物资源，种类差异落下到最小。在期间这次，C。groenlandicus与直到80%的最大的生物资源比例是显然主导的，当时U。prolifera比例指数地增加了到20%～40%。水温度在生物资源和依附的绿水藻的种类继任上有直接调整效果。社区动力学的评价和绿水藻的生物资源提供了需要在南部的黄海追踪大规模绿潮的起源的证据。

简介：放射的转移模型模拟被用来调查erythemal紫外(EUV)由分开的修正因素紫外A并且UV-B光谱范围。修正因素被定义为改变扑灭的数量和特征并且散布材料引起的EUV的比率。EUV修正因素(CFEUV)为紫外A[CFEUV(A)]并且UV-B[CFEUV(B)]被变化在全部的臭氧，喷雾器和云的光深度，和太阳的天顶角度影响。CFEUV(A)和CFEUV(B)之间的差别也作为太阳的天顶角度，喷雾器和云的光深度，和全部的臭氧的功能被估计。CFEUV(A)和CFEUV(B)之间的差别为不同太阳的天顶角度和喷雾器和云的光深度在所有模拟为云为喷雾器从5.0%～25.0%，并且从9.5%～2.0%。CFEUV的衰落的率每统一光深度在之间紫外A并且UV-B为一样的喷雾器和云条件在多达20%不同。为全部的臭氧，因为，在CFEUV(A)的变化在CFEUV(B)与那相比是可以忽略的有效光谱臭氧吸收乐队的范围。另外，CFEUV的敏感由于在表面的变化调节(即，表面反照率和表面高度)被在这研究使用模型也估计。为在表面反照率的变化，CFEUV的敏感每0.1反照率变化是2.9%-4.1%，取决于喷雾器或云的数量。为在表面高度的变化，CFEUV(B)的敏感是两次CFEUV(A)的，因为光深度在更短的波长显著地增加了的瑞利。

简介：Objective:ToexploretheeffectsofnuclearM-CSFontheprocessoftumorigenesis.Methods:FunctionalpartofM-CSFcDNAwasinsertedintoaneukaryoticexpressionplasmidpCMV/myc/nuc,whichcanaddthreeNLStotheC-terminaloftheexpressedproteinanddirecttheproteinintothecellnuclei.TheconstructedplasmidwastransferredintoNIH3T3cellsandthecellcloneswereselectedbyG-418selection.CellclonesstableexpressingtargetproteinwereidentifiedbyRT-PCR,ABCimmunohistochemistryassayandWesternblot.Cellgrowthkineticsanalysesthroughgrowthcurves,celldoublingtime,MTTtestandanti-senseoligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN)inhibitingcellgrowthtestwereperformedtoidentifycellsproliferationpotential.Results:Thetransfectedcellsshowedelevatedproliferationpotentialoverthecontrolcells.Conclusion:AbnormalappearanceofM-CSFinnucleuscouldenhancecellproliferation,whichsuggeststhatcytokineisoformswithincellnucleusmightplaytranscriptionfactor-likerole.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigatetheeffectofsubstanceP(SP)ongeneexpressionoftransforminggrowthfactorβ-1(TGFβ-1),transforminggrowthfactorreceptor-1(TGFR-1)andtransforminggrowthfactorreceptor-2(TGFR-2)infibroblastsculturedinvitrofromrat'sgranulationtissues.Methods:Thefibroblastsfromthegranulationtissuesintheskeletalmuscleofrat'shindlimbsinjuredbyformaldehydewereculturedinvitro.Whendifferentconcentrations(10-9-10-5mol/L)ofSPwereaddedintotheculturemedium,thechangesofgeneexpressionofTGFβ-1,TGFR-1andTGFR-2intheculturedfibroblastswereobservedwithreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreactionatdifferentintervals(0,3,6,12and24hoursafterincubation).Results:ThegeneexpressionofTGFβ-1,TGFR-1andTGFR-2inthefibroblastsculturedfromrat'sgranulationtissueswasup-regulatedbySP.ThepeaklevelofthemRNAexpressionwasfoundat10-8mol/LSPandtheup-regulationeffectwasnotfoundat10-5mol/Land10-6mol/L.ThepeaklevelsofgeneexpressionofTGFβ-1,TGFR-1andTGFR-2inthefibroblaststreatedwithSPwereachievedat6and12hours,respectively.Conclusions:SPhasup-regulationeffectonthegeneexpressionofTGFβ-1,TGFR-1andTGFR-2infibroblastsfromrat'sgranulationtissuesinvitro,andtheeffectisrelatedtodifferentstimulatingconcentrationsofSP.Itmaybeconcernedwithproliferationanddifferentiationoffibroblastsandformationofscartissuesduringwoundhealing.

简介：ThedistributionofprecipitationfieldfromthetyphoonHaitang(2005)duringitslandingonFujianprovinceshowsobviousasymmetricfeature.BasedontheNCEP/NCARFNL(FinalAnalysis)data,thisstudyrevealsthecontributionsofatmosphericfactortotheasymmetricaldistributioncharacteristicsofprecipitationassociatedwiththetyphoon,throughtheanalysisofwatervaporcondition,verticalascendingmotioncondition,thecalculationofthedryQvectoranditsdecomposition,andadiabaticheatingintheaircolumnof1000hPa-600hPa(loweratmosphere)and500hPa-100hPa(upperatmosphere).Theresultsareasfollows:(1)Intheloweratmosphere,thehumidityonbothsidesoftyphoonpathcanbeequivalent,whileitismorewetontherightsidethanleftintheupperatmosphere,whichobviouslypresentsasymmetricdistributioncharacteristics.(2)Bothrangeandintensityoftheverticalmotionontherightsidearewiderandstrongerthancounterpartsontheleftsidenomatterinthelowerorupperatmosphere.(3)Intheupperatmosphere,forcingroleofatmosphereinverticalupwardmotionontherightsideoftyphoonpathisthesameasthatontheleft,whileitissignificantlydifferentintheloweratmosphere,whichissignificantlybroaderinscopeandstrongerintheintensity,alongwithobviousasymmetricdistributioncharacteristics.Inaddition,thefurtheranalysisoftheQvectordecompositionindicatesthattheforcingeffectofmesoscaleweathersystemsonverticalupwardmotionisstrongerthanthatoflargescaleweathersystemsintheloweratmosphere.(4)Theadiabaticheatingalwaysexistsonbothlowerandupperatmosphere,andtherangeandintensityoftheadiabaticheatingforcingshowedasymmetricdistributiononbothlowerandupperatmosphere.(5)Inasummary,theupperatmospherehumidityconditions,theforcingroleofloweratmosphereinverticalupwardmotion,especially,tomesoscaleweathersystem,andadiabaticheatingintheloweratmosphere,allshowsimilarasymmetricdistributioncharacteristics

简介：ToanalyzeChina'sfluctuatingsituationofthefactorinputandaggregativeproductivityisnotonlythemainmethodtoseekthesourceoftheeconomicgrowthbutalsothemainwaytoweighthelevelofeconomicgrowthquality.Astoeconomicgrowthofacountry,theimprovementoftheproductivityisextremelyimportant.Thegrowthoftheoutputcanberealizedthroughtwokindsofways:increasingthequantityoffactorinputoforimprovingtheeffciencyoftheinputandoutput.Therefore,thelevelofeconomicgrowthquafitydoesnotmainlydependontheamountofinvesTedfactor,buttheimportanceofimprovingtheprodutivitysincePesourcesarerare.Therelativeimprovementofefficiencyinuseoftheinvestedfactormarkstheeconomicgrowingquality.So,inordertounderstandtheeconomicgrowthquafityofChinatosomeextent,itmustanalyzeChinesefactorinputandaggregativeproductivity.Thisisthemaintopicthatthistextwiltbeprobedinto.

简介：Werecentlyreportedtheuseofagene-trappingapproachtoisolatecellclonesinwhichareportergenehadintegratedintogenesmodulatedbyT-cellactivation.WehavenowtestedapanelofclonesfromthatreportandidentifiedtheonethatrespondstoavarietyofG-proteincoupledreceptors(GPCR).TheβlactamasetaggedEGR-3JurkatcellwasusedtodissectspecificGPCRsignalinginvivo.ThreeGPCRswerestudied,includingthechemokinereceptorCXCR4(Gicoupled)thatwasendogenouslyexpressed,theplateletactivationfactor(PAF)receptor(Gq-coupled),andβ2adrenergicreceptor(Gs-coupled)thatwasbothstablytransfected.Agonistsforeachreceptoractivatedtranscriptionoftheβ-lactamasetaggedEGR-3gene.InductionofEGR-3throughCXCR4wasblockedbypertussistoxinandPD58059,aspecificinhibitorofMEK(MAPK/ERKkinase).NeitheroftheseinhibitorsblockedisoproterenolorPAF-mediatedactivationofEGR-3.Conversely,β2-andPAF-mediatedEGR-3activationwasblockedbythep38,specificinhibitorSB580.Inaddition,bothβ2-andPAF-mediatedEGR-3activationcouldbesynergisticallyactivatedbyCXCR4activation.ThiscombinedresultindicatesthatEGR-3canbeactivatedthroughdistinctsignaltransductionpathwaysbydifferentGPCRsandthatsignalscanbeintegratedandamplifiedtoefficientlytunethelevelofactivation.

简介：AIMMacrophagemigrationinhibitoryfactor(MIF)isapro-inflammatorycytokineinvolvedinthepathogenesisofavarietyofautoimmuneandinflammatorydiseases,includingarthritis,glomerulonephritis,Gram-positiveandGram-negativesepsis,andatherogenesis.RecentstudiesshowedthatCD74(antigen-associatedinvariantchainⅡ)isahigh-affinitymembrane-bindingproteinforMIF.ThepurposeofthepresentstudywastoexpresstherecombinanthumanCD74inE.coliandinhibittheactivityofMIFbyusingrecombinantCD74invitro.

简介：AIMToexploretheprotectiveeffectsandunderlyingmechanismsoftotalpolysaccharidesoftheSijunzidecoction(TPSJ)ontheepithelialbarriersinvitro.METHODSCaco-2cellmonolayersweretreatedwithorwithoutTPSJinthepresenceorabsenceofTNF-α,andparacellularpermeabilityandtransepithelialelectricalresistance(TEER)weremeasuredtoevaluatetheepithelialbarrierfunction.Immunofluorescenceandwesternblottingwererespectivelyusedtoevaluatethedistributionandexpressionofthetightjunctionproteinsclaudin1,claudin2,zo3,andoccludininCaco-2cells.Westernblottingwasalsousedtoevaluatethecellularexpressionofmyosinlightchain(MLC),phosphorylatedMLC(pMLC),MLCkinase(MLCK),andnuclearfactor(NF)-κBp65.RESULTSTPSJpromotedtheproliferationofCaco-2cellsandinhibitedTNF-α-inducedsecretionofpro-inflammatorycytokines.Furthermore,TPSJsignificantlyamelioratedboththereductionofTEERandtheincreasedparacellularpermeabilityobservedintumornecrosisfactor(TNF)-α-damagedCaco-2monolayers.Furthermore,TPSJremarkablyattenuatedTNF-α-inducedmorphologicalchanges,downregulatedtheexpressionofclaudin1,claudin2,zo3,andoccludin,andmarkedlysuppressedTNF-α-mediatedupregulationofp-MLCandMLCKexpression.Finally,TPSJinhibitedtheactivationandexpressionofNF-κBp65.CONCLUSIONOurresultsdemonstratethatTPSJalleviatestheTNF-α-inducedimpairmentoftheintestinalepithelialcellbarrierfunctionbysuppressingNF-κBp65-mediatedphosphorylationofMLCKandMLC.

简介：Therelationshipbetweenthefactoroftemperaturedifferenceofthenear-surfacelayer(T1000hPa-T2m)andseafogisanalyzedusingtheNCEPreanalysiswithahorizontalresolutionofl°xl°（2000to2011）andthestationobservations（2010to2011）.TheelementistreatedasthepredictionvariablefactorintheGRAPESmodelandusedtoimprovetheregionalpredictionofseafogonGuangdongcoastland.（1）Therelationshipbetweenthisfactorandtheoccurrenceofseafogisexplicit:Whentheseafoghappens,thevalueofthisfactorisalwayslargeinsomespecificperiods,andthenegativevalueofthisfactordecreasessignificantlyorturnspositive,suggestingtheenhancementofwarmandmoistadvectionofairflownearthesurface,whichfavorsthedevelopmentofseafog.（2）ThetransportationofwarmandmoistadvectionoverGuangdongcoastlandisfeaturedbysomestagesandthejumpingamongthesestates.Italsogetsstrongerovertime.Meanwhile,thenorthwardpropagationofwarmandmoistadvectionisquiteconsistentwiththenorthwardadvancingofseafogfromsouthtonorthalongthecoastlandofChina.（3）TheGRAPESmodelcanwellsimulateandrealizethefactorofnear-surfacetemperaturedifference.Besides,theaccuracyofregionalpredictionofmarinefog,therelevantthreatscoreandHeidkeskillscoreareallimprovedwhenthefactorisinvolved.

简介：在反脉管的endothelial生长的一个年以后与有斑点的浮肿的分辨率和foveal消沉的恢复在眼睛报导foveal厚度减小为包含中心的糖尿病的有斑点的浮肿(DME)的因素(anti-VEGF)治疗.METHODSFoveal厚度与光连贯断层摄影术被估计决定中央子字段foveal厚度(CSFT)并且在有DME的42只眼睛的有斑点的体积(CSFT>275湥獴愠?潣灭牡摥琠?敨污桴?潣瑮潲?牧畯？

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简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofnervegrowthfactor(NGF)andSchwanncellsonaxonregenerationoftheinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengtheningwithdistractionosteogenesis.Methods:Unilateralmandibularosteodistractionwasperformedin9healthyadultmalegoatswithadistractionrateof1mm/d.Every3goatswerekilledondays7,14and28aftermandibularlengthening,respectively.TheinferioralveolarnervesinthedistractioncalluswereharvestedandprocessedforultrastructuralandNGFimmunohistochemicalstudy.Theinferioralveolarnervesfromthecontralateralsidewereusedascontrols.Results:Onday7afterdistraction,axondegenerationandSchwanncellproliferationwereobserved,andverystrongstainingofNGFinthedistractednervewasdetected.Onday14afterdistraction,axonregenerationandremyelinationwereeasilyobserved,andNGFexpressionstartedtodecline.Onday28afterdistraction,thegrayscaleofNGFimmunoreactivityrecoveredtothenormalvalueandtheSchwanncellsalmostrecoveredtotheirnormalstate.Conclusions:Gradualmandibularosteodistractioncanresultinmildormoderateaxondegenerationoftheinferioralveolarnerve.NervetraumamaystimulatetheproliferationofSchwanncellsandpromotethesynthesisandsecretionofNGFintheSchwanncells.SchwanncellsandNGFmightplayimportantrolesinaxonregenerationoftheinjuredinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengthening.

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简介：BackgroundEssentialhypertension(EH)isconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantriskfactorofischemicstroke.Studiesaboutriskfactorsinthepatientsaremeaningfulinearlyforecastandeffectivepreventionoftheonsetofstroke.Renin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystemplaysanimportantroleintheregulationofbloodpressureandthedevelopmentofstroke,whilerecentstudieshavefoundthattheangiotensin-convertingenzyme2(ACE2)maybeareversalagentforthedevelopmentandprogressionofischemicstroke.MethodsTheACE2genewasmeasuredin139EHpatientswithischemicstrokeusingpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)andrestrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism(PCR-RFLP)tests.Detailedandcompleteclinicalandbiochemicaldatawerecollected,includingpulsepressure,hsCRP,IMT,HDL-Canduricacidlevels.Studythecorrelationbetweenangiotensin-convertingenzyme2geneandtheriskfactorforonsetofischemicstrokeinEHpatients.ResultsPulsepressure,hsCRP,IMTanduricacidlevelshadapositivecorrelationwithon-setofischemicstrokeinEHpatients.Amongmalepatients,pulsepressure,hsCRP,IMTandHDL-CwerehigherinpatientscarryingAallelethanBallele(P<0.05).Whilethesefactorsweredifferentinfemalepa-tientscarryingdifferentgenotypesinwhichAAallelewerehighest.Patientswithvariousgenotypesshoweddifferenturicacidlevelsbutshowednosignificantdifference.ConclusionAmongEHpatientswithcomplicatedischemicstroke,thosecarryingtheA/AAalleleshowhighlevelofriskfactorsandislikelytohavethesusceptibilityofrecurrenceofstroke.

简介：为了精确地在存在水泥模仿氯化物离子的散开，在给定的时间衔接并且获得精确氯化物离子集中，一基于的细胞的自动机(CA)当模特儿被建议。氯化物离子散开的过程被CA-based方法分析，Ficks秒法律的一个非线性的答案被获得。就象压力状态，散开参数的时间、空间的可变性和氯化物离子散开的进程上的水水泥比率那样的各种各样的因素的影响而言，在联合行动的多因素下面的氯化物离子散开的模型被介绍。渗透在文学报导的实验的一个氯化物离子被用来证明现在的方法的有效性和reasonability，并且一根T类型横梁作为一个解说性的例子被拿在实际申请分析氯化物离子散开的过程。结果显示那个CA-based方法能模仿离子实际上与可接受的精确组织的氯化物的散开。

简介：AbstractBackground:The purpose of this study was to analyze cases of AO31-A2 intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs) and to identify the relationship between the loss of the posteromedial support and implant failure.Methods:Three hundred ninety-four patients who underwent operative treatment for ITF from January 2003 to December 2017 were enrolled. Focusing on posteromedial support, the A2 ITFs were divided into two groups, namely, those with (Group A, n = 153) or without (Group B, n = 241) posteromedial support post-operatively, and the failure rates were compared. Based on the final outcomes (failed or not), we allocated all of the patients into two groups: failed (Group C, n = 66) and normal (Group D, n = 328). We separately analyzed each dataset to identify the factors that exhibited statistically significant differences between the groups. In addition, a logistic regression was conducted to identify whether the loss of posteromedial support of A2 ITFs was an independent risk factor for fixation failure. The basic factors were age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, side of affected limb, fixation method (intramedullary or extramedullary), time from injury to operation, blood loss, operative time and length of stay.Results:The failure rate of group B (58, 24.07%) was significantly higher than that of group A (8, 5.23%) (χ2 = 23.814, P < 0.001). Regarding Groups C and D, the comparisons of the fixation method (P = 0.005), operative time (P = 0.001), blood loss (P = 0.002) and length of stay (P= 0.033) showed that the differences were significant. The logistic regression revealed that the loss of posteromedial support was an independent risk factor for implant failure (OR = 5.986, 95% CI: 2.667–13.432) (P < 0.001).Conclusions:For AO31-A2 ITFs, the loss of posteromedial support was an independent risk factor for fixation failure. Therefore, posteromedial wall reconstruction might be necessary for the effective treatment of A2 fractures that lose posteromedial support.