简介：AbstractPurpose:The aim of this study is to evaluate the application value of virtual surgical planning in the management of mandibular condylar fractures and to provide a reliable reference.Methods:This was a prospective randomized controlled study and recruited 50 patients requiring surgical treatment for their mandibular condylar fractures. The inclusion criteria were patients (1) diagnosed with a condylar fracture by two clinically experienced doctors and required surgical treatment; (2) have given consent for the surgical treatment; and (3) had no contraindications to the surgery. Patients were excluded from this study if: (1) they were diagnosed with a non-dislocated or only slightly dislocated condylar fracture; (2) the comminuted condylar fracture was too severe to be treated with internal reduction and fixation; or (3) patients could not complete follow-up for 3 months. There were 33 male and 17 female patients with 33 unilateral condylar fractures and 17 bilateral condylar fractures included. The 50 patients were randomly (random number) divided into control group (25 patients with 35 sides of condylar fractures) and experimental group (25 patients with 32 sides of condylar fractures). Virtual surgical planning was used in the experimental group, but only clinical experience was used in the control group. The patients were followed up for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. Variables including the rate of perfect reduction by radiological analysis, the average distance of deviation between preoperative and postoperative CT measurements using Geomagic software and postoperative clinical examinations (e.g., mouth opening, occlusion) were investigated for outcome measurement. SPSS 19 was adopted for data analysis.Results:The average operation time was 180.60 min in the experimental group and 223.2 min in the control group. One week postoperatively, CT images showed that the anatomic reduction rate was 90.63% (29/32) in the experimental group and 68.57% (24/35) in the control group, revealing significant difference (X2= 4.919, p = 0.027). Geomagic comparative analysis revealed that the average distance of deviation was also much smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group (0.639 mm vs. 0.995 mm; t = 3.824, p < 0.001).Conclusion:These findings suggest that virtual surgical planning can assist surgeons in surgical procedures, reduce operative time, and improve the anatomic reduction rate & accuracy, and thus of value in the diagnosis and treatment of condylar fractures.

简介：AbstractBackground:Surgical treatment of both-column acetabular fractures is challenging because of the complex acetabular fracture patterns and the curved surface of the acetabulum. Seldom study has compared the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and traditional methods of contouring plates intra-operatively for the surgical treatment of both-column acetabular fractures. We presented the use of both 3D printing technology and a virtual simulation in pre-operative planning for both-column acetabular fractures. We hypothesized that 3D printing technology will assist orthopedic surgeons in shortening the surgical time and improving the clinical outcomes.Methods:Forty patients with both-column acetabular fractures were recruited in the randomized prospective case-control study from September 2013 to September 2017 for this prospective study (No. ChiCTR1900028230). We allocated the patients to two groups using block randomization (3D printing group, n = 20; conventional method group, n = 20). For the 3D printing group, 1:1 scaled pelvic models were created using 3D printing, and the plates were pre-contoured according to the pelvic models. The plates for the conventional method group were contoured during the operation without 3D printed pelvic models. The operation time, instrumentation time, time of intra-operative fluoroscopy, blood loss, number of times the approach was performed, blood transfusion, post-operative fracture reduction quality, hip joint function, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:The operation and instrumentation times in the 3D printing group were significantly shorter (130.8 ± 29.2 min, t = －7.5, P < 0.001 and 32.1 ± 9.5 min, t = －6.5, P < 0.001, respectively) than those in the conventional method group. The amount of blood loss and blood transfusion in the 3D printing group were significantly lower (500 [400, 800] mL, Mann-Whitney U= 74.5, P < 0.001 and 0 [0,400] mL, Mann-Whitney U = 59.5, P < 0.001, respectively) than those in the conventional method group. The number of the approach performed in the 3D printing group was significantly smaller than that in the conventional method group (pararectus + Kocher-Langenbeck [K-L] approach rate: 35% vs. 85%; x2 = 10.4, P < 0.05). The time of intra-operative fluoroscopy in the 3D printing group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional method group (4.2 ± 1.8 vs. 7.7 ± 2.6 s; t = －5.0, P < 0.001). The post-operative fracture reduction quality in the 3D printing group was significantly better than that in the conventional method group (good reduction rate: 80% vs. 30%; x2 = 10.1, P < 0.05). The hip joint function (based on the Harris score 1 year after the operation) in the 3D printing group was significantly better than that in the conventional method group (excellent/good rate: 75% vs. 30%; x2 = 8.1, P < 0.05). The complication was similar in both groups (5.0% vs. 25%; x2 = 3.1, P = 0.182).Conclusions:The use of a pre-operative virtual simulation and 3D printing technology is a more effective method for treating bothcolumn acetabular fractures. This method can shorten the operation and instrumentation times, reduce blood loss, blood transfusion and the time of intra-operative fluoroscopy, and improve the post-operative fracture reduction quality.Clinical trail registration:No.ChiCTR1900028230; http://www.chictr.org.cn

简介：BACKGROUND&OBJECTIVE:Themajorityofintramedullaryspinalcordtumors(IMSCT)arelow-gradegliomas.RadicalresectionforIMSCTsremainschallenging.Recently,improvedneuroimagingandadvancedmicrosurgicaltechniquehavemadegreatsuccessinsurgicalmanagementoftheintramedullaryspinalcordtumors.METH-ODS&RESULTS:Twenty-ninepatientswithintramedullaryspinalcordtumorsweretreatedbyradicalresectiondur-ingthepast4yearsinourinstitute.Thehistologicalresultswereasfollows:12ependymomas,4astrocytomas,4heman-gioblastomas,4epidermoids,1cavernoma,2lipomas,2metastatics.Agross-totalresection(>95%)wasachievedin25surgicalprocedures.Subtotalresections(80-95%)wereperformedin4cases.Therewasnosurgicaldeath.Whencomparingthepreoperativeand3-monthpostoperativefunctionalgrades,12patientswerestable14improved,and3deteriorated.Patientswitheithernodeficitoronlymilddeficitbeforesurgerywererarelyimpairedbytheproce-dure,reinforcingtheimportanceofearlydiagnosisandtreatment.Themajordeterminantoflong-termsurvivalwashistologi-calcompositionofthetumor.PatientsinwhomanIMSCTwasonlypartiallyresected(<80%)faredsignificantlyworse.CONCLUSIONS:Thelong-termsurvivalandqualityoflifeforpatientswithlow-gradegliomastreatedbyradi-calresectionaloneiscomparableorsuperiortominimalresectionplusradiotherapy.Theoptimaltherapyforpatientswithhigh-gradegliomaisyettobedetermined.Forbenignlesion,suchashemangioblastomaandcavernomacouldbecuredbytotalresectionofthetumor.Forlipomaandepidermoid,fibrousadhesionstothecordmaketotalremovaldifficult,andthus,removalisnotthegoalofsurgery.Thecarbondioxidelaserisparticularlyusefulduringsurgeryforthislesion.

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简介：Iftherewerenottheeconomiccrisis,Chineseeconomywerenotaffected,themarkethadstayedthesameastwoyearsagoorevenearlier,economiesintheeasterncoastalareashadmaintainedstrong,Midwesterneconomyhadbeenaplantwithplentyofshadow,innerlandportsstillfedeasterneconomy,maybethisunchangingconditionwillcauseavisual

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简介：Avirtuallabsystemisthesimulationofrealdevicesandexperimentsusingcomputerandnetworktech-nology.Itcanmakeusersdoexperimentseasily,observeexperimentphenomenaandresultsthroughtheremotetermi-nal.Consequently,userscangetfinalresultstoverifyrelativetheory.Thearticleanalysesthefeaturesofvirtuallabsystems.Arealvirtuallabsystemnamed'MultimediaVirtualLabforDigitalCircuitLogicDesign(MVLDCLD)'whichhasbeendevelopedbytheauthorsandtheirgroupisalsopresented.

简介：在这份报纸，我们探索在从一个微分几何观点学习moduli问题是很有用的虚拟技术。我们介绍新目标鈥渧irtualmanifolds/orbifolds鈥的一个班吗？在哪个上我们开发集成理论。特别地，虚拟本地化公式被获得。关键词虚拟manifolds-本地化-Fredholm系统-第一写作的moduli空格先生(2000)题目分类57R99被一个NSF关键工程和973工程2006CB805900支持

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简介：技术突破推进了诊断成像的时间、空间的决定，并且3维(3-D)重建技术被介绍了进日常临床的实践。虚拟内视镜检查法(VE)是在3-D空格放大代表性的图象的感觉的一种非侵略的技术，提供病理学的区域和他们的包围结构的精确空间关系。许多计算机算法能被用来产生3-D图象，利用螺线计算了断层摄影术或磁性的回声成像(MRI)的在也固有的信息。VE图象通过空机关启用endoluminal航行，因此模仿常规内视镜检查法。几临床的研究验证了虚拟膀胱镜检查的诊断用途，它在膀胱肿瘤的察觉有高敏感和特性率。在肾盂，输尿管和尿道的虚拟探索的出版经验令人鼓舞却仍然少见。VE是一只保险箱，能与ureteropelvic连接阻塞在病人的长期的后续被使用的非侵略的方法，膀胱肿瘤和输尿管或尿道狭窄。它的主要限制是无能为组织病理学说的检查和联系电离放射危险提供活体检视织物标本(除非MRI被使用)。在endoluminal狭窄或阻塞的情况中，然而，VE向头部地允许虚拟endoluminal航行并且对小型机关枪的一种尾耳的片断。得出结论，VE提供评估泌尿道的一个不太侵略的方法，特别为比放射线学者不太熟悉代表性的成像的临床医生。

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简介：BackgroundTheVisibleHumanProject(VHP)initiatedbytheU.S.NationalLibraryofMedicinehasdrawnmuchattentionandinterestsfromaroundtheworld.TheVisibleChineseHuman(VCH)projecthasstartedinChina.ThecurrentstudyaimsatacquiringafeasiblevirtualmethodologyforreconstructingthetemporalboneoftheChinesepopulation,whichmayprovideanaccurate3-Dmodelofimportanttemporalbonestructuresthatcanbeusedinteachingandpatientcareformedicalscientistsandclinicians.MethodsAseriesofsectionalimagesofthetemporalboneweregeneratedfromsectionslicesofafemalecadaverhead.Oneachsectionalimage,SOIs(structuresofinterest)weresegmentedbycarefullydefiningtheircontoursandfillingtheirareaswithcertaingrayscalevalues.Theprocessedvolumedataweretheninductedintothe3DSlicersoftware(developedbytheSurgicalPlanningLabatBrighamandWomen'sHospitalandtheMITAILab)forresegmentationandgenerationofasetoftaggedimagesoftheSOIs.3DsurfacemodelsofSOIswerethenreconstructedfromtheseimages.ResultsThetemporalboneandstructuresinthetemporalbone,includingthetympaniccavity,mastoidcells,sigmoidsinusandinternalcarotidartery,weresuccessfullyreconstructed.Theorientationofandspatialrelationshipamongthesestructureswereeasilyvisualizedinthereconstructedsurfacemodels.ConclusionThe3DSlicersoftwarecanbeusedfor3-dimensionalvisualizationofanatomicstructuresinthetemporalbone,whichwillgreatlyfacilitatetheadvanceofknowledgeandtechniquescriticalforstudyingandtreatingdisordersinvolvingthetemporalbone.

简介：Withthecombinationbetweensystemsimulationandvirtualreality,wehaveestablishedanintegratedvirtualrefinerysimulationplatform,andanalyzedtheoveralldesignandprincipalarchitecture.Thispaperintroducesasimulationalgorithmaboutarefinerybasedonvirtualreality,andexplainshowthealgorithmcanbeappliedtothevirtualrefineryintegratedsimulationplatformindetail.Thevirtualrefinerysimulationplatform,whichconsistsofathree-dimensionalscenesystem,anintegrateddatabasesystemandadynamic-staticsimulationsystem,hasmanyapplications,suchasdynamic-staticsimulationofkeyprocessunitusedasprocesscontrolandoiltankblendingsimulationforscheduling.Withthevisualizationandhuman-computerinteractionforacquiringproductionandprocessdata,thisplatformcanprovideeffectivesupportsonstafftrainingrelatedwithmonitoring,controlandoperationinrefinery.Virtualrefinerycanalsobewebpublishedthroughtheinternetanditishelpfulforthedistancetrainingandeducation.

简介：目前，对于大城市中的上班族和中小学生来说，由于家庭住地与单位（学校）比较远，午餐很少能回家吃，本来应该占全天热能大部分的午餐被很多人凑合着解决了。这里有专家提醒：午餐营养搭配要合理……

简介：Jenny：Sowhatareyoudoing,Nick？AreyouplanningJim＇sbirthdayparty？Nick：Yes,Iam.I＇mgoingtoinviteevery-onetothenewtrendyrestaurantnexttothecinema.

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