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简介：Glioblastoma(GBM)isatypeoftumorthatishighlylethaldespitemaximaltherapy.Standardtherapeuticapproachesprovidemodestimprovementinprogression-freeandoverallsurvival,necessitatingtheinvestigationofnoveltherapies.Oncologictherapyhasrecentlyexperiencedarapidevolutiontoward'targetedtherapy',withdrugsdirectedagainstspecifictargetswhichplayessentialrolesintheproliferation,survival,andinvasivenessofGBMcells,includingnumerousmoleculesinvolvedinsignaltransductionpathways.Inhibitorsofthesemoleculeshavealreadyenteredorareundergoingclinicaltrials.However,significantchallengesintheirdevelopmentremainbecauseseveralpreclinicalandclinicalstudiespresentconflictingresults.Inthisarticle,wewillprovideanup-to-datereviewofthecurrenttargetedtherapiesinGBM.

简介：Dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans(DFSP),themostcommondermalsarcoma,isalow-grade,slowgrowingfibroblasticmalignantneoplasmthatmostfrequentlyaffectsmiddleagedadultsandischaracterizedbyahighlocalrecurrencerateandalowpropensityformetastasis.WidesurgicalresectionorMohsmicrographicsurgery(MMS)arethepreferredapproachesforlocalizeddisease,whileradiationtherapyiswarrantedforinoperablediseaseorforcaseswithpositivemarginswherere-excisionisnotpossible.DFSPisgenerallyregardedasrefractorytoconventionalchemotherapy.Treatmentoptionsforsystemicdiseasewerelimiteduntilthediscoveryofauniquetranslocation,t(17;22)(q22;q13)(COL1A1;PDGFB)foundinamajorityofcases.Inrecentyears,imatinib,aPDGFβR,ABLandKITinhibitor,hasrevolutionizedsystemictherapyinDFSP.Inthisreview,wesummarizetheepidemiological,clinical,histologicalandgeneticcharacteristicsofDFSPandupdatethereadersonitscurrentmanagement.

简介：AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Its incidence ranks the 5th among all malignant tumors globally, and it is the 3rd leading cause of death among patients with cancer. Surgical treatment is the first choice in clinical practice. However, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other treatment methods have also become research hotspots at home and abroad with the development of individualized precision therapy in recent years, besides traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. At present, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are methods used for treating GC, and they have important clinical application value and prospects. This study aimed to review the research progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for GC, focusing on its mechanism of action and related important clinical trials, hoping to provide references for the clinical treatment of GC.

简介：AbstractAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are lethal central nervous system tumors, which are primarily diagnosed in infants. Current treatments for AT/RTs include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; these treatments have poor prognoses and challenging side effects. The pivotal genetic event in AT/RT pathogenesis comprises the inactivation of SMARCB1 or SMARCA4. Recent epigenetic studies have demonstrated mutual and subtype-specific epigenetic derangements that drive tumorigenesis; the exploitation of these potential targets might improve the dismal treatment outcomes of AT/RTs. This review aims to summarize the literature concerning targeted molecular therapies for pediatric AT/RTs.

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简介：AutoreactiveB房间是在全身的豺狼座erythematosus(SLE)的致病被含有的关键有免疫力的房间之一。除了有害自身抗体(auto-Abs)的生产，B房间作为介绍抗原的房间告知autoreactiveT房间并且分泌大量支持inflammatorycytokines有autocrine和paracrine效果。调制B房间的代理人可能因此具有潜在的治疗学的价值。当前的策略包括指向B房间表面抗原，cytokines支持B房间生长和功能，和B房间和T房间相互作用。在这篇文章，我们在动物和人的研究在SLE考察B细胞的角色，并且我们检验为这个条件的处理作为有希望的策略支持B房间调整的以前的报告。另外，我们在场评估了在人的SLE反对CD20，CD22和B淋巴细胞激发器(BLyS)的代理人的治疗学的功效和安全的临床的试用上的更改。当这些研究的许多的结果仍然保持不确定时，belimumab，对BLyS的人的monoclonal抗体，显示出诺言并且最近被US食物药品管理局为病人作为显示的治疗同意了与对中等SLE温和。无疑，在B房间免疫学的进展将继续带我们到SLE致病的更好的理解和指向B房间的新奇特定的治疗的发展。

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简介：Melanomaisthedeadliestformofskincancerandhasanincidencethatisrisingfasterthananyothersolidtumor.Metastaticmelanomatreatmenthasconsiderablyprogressedinthepastfiveyearswiththeintroductionoftargetedtherapy(BRAFandMEKinhibitors)andimmunecheckpointblockade(anti-CTLA4,anti-PD-1,andanti-PD-L1).However,eachtreatmentmodalityhaslimitations.Treatmentwithtargetedtherapyhasbeenassociatedwithahighresponserate,butwithshort-termresponses.Conversely,treatmentwithimmunecheckpointblockadehasalowerresponserate,butwithlongtermresponses.Targetedtherapyaffectsantitumorimmunity,andsynergymayexistwhentargetedtherapyiscombinedwithimmunotherapy.Thisarticlepresentsabriefreviewoftherationaleandevidenceforthepotentialsynergybetweentargetedtherapyandimmunecheckpointblockade.Challengesanddirectionsforfuturestudiesarealsoproposed.

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简介：Thelymphaticsystemhasanimportantdefensiveroleinthehumanbody.Themetastasisofmosttumorsinitiallyspreadsthroughthesurroundinglymphatictissueandeventuallyformslymphaticmetastatictumors;thetumorcellsmayeventransfertootherorganstoformothertypesoftumors.Clinically,lymphaticmetastatictumorsdeveloprapidly.Giventhelimitationsofsurgicalresectionandtheloweffectivenessofradiotherapyandchemotherapy,thetreatmentoflymphaticmetastatictumorsremainsagreatchallenge.Lymphnodemetastasismayleadtothefurtherspreadoftumorsandmaybepredictiveoftheendpointevent.Underthesecircumstances,novelandeffectivelymphatictargeteddrugdeliverysystemshavebeenexploredtoimprovethespecificityofanticancerdrugstotumorcellsinlymphnodes.Inthisreview,wesummarizetheprinciplesoflymphatictargeteddrugdeliveryanddiscussrecentadvancesinthedevelopmentoflymphatictargetedcarriers.

简介：Laryngealsquamouscellcarcinoma(LSCC)remainsahighlymorbidandfataldisease.Historically,ithasbeenamodelexamplefororganpreservationandtreatmentstratificationparadigms.Unfortunately,survivalforLSCChasstagnatedoverthepastfewdecades.Astheeraofnext-generationsequencingandpersonalizedtreatmentforcancerapproaches,LSCCmaybeanidealdiseaseforconsiderationoffurthertreatmentstratificationandpersonalization.Here,wewilldiscusstheimportanthistoryofLSCCasamodelsystemfororganpreservation,uniqueandpotentiallytargetablegeneticsignaturesofLSCC,andmethodsforbringingstratified,personalizedtreatmentstrategiestothe21~(st)century.

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简介：设计习俗的核酸酶技术例如定期聚类短palindromic重复(CRISPR)联系了的interspaced(Cas)系统提供为昆虫编辑工具的吸引人的染色体功能的遗传。指向的基因mutagenesis由CRISPR/Cas9系统调停了在包括的几份昆虫订单被完成了双翅目，鳞翅目和翘目。然而，小成功都没在这些由于genomic信息和胚胎的microinjection技术的缺乏在农业害虫被报导昆虫种类。这里，我们报导CRISPR/Cas9系统在重要鳞翅类的害虫Spodopteralitura导致了有效基因mutagenesis。我们指向了S。litura腹A(Slabd--一)是重要胚胎的发展基因并且在决定昆虫的腹的片断的身份起一个重要作用的基因。指导Cas9送信人RNA和Slabd-A-specific单人赛领队RNA(sgRNA)的注射进S。成功地导致的litura胚胎典型abd--缺乏的显型，它在幼虫的阶段期间显示出异常分割和宫外的色素沉着。聚合酶链基于反应的分析表明Cas9/sgRNA建筑群有效地在S导致了指向的mutagenesis。litura。这些结果证明CRISPR/Cas9系统是为在象S那样的鳞翅类的害虫的染色体操作的一个强大的工具。litura。

简介：Ovariancanceristhesecondmostlethalgynecologicalcancerworldwideandwhilemostpatientsrespondtoinitialtherapy,theyoftenrelapsewithresistantdisease.Humanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptors(especiallyHER1/EGFRandHER2/ERBB2)areinvolvedindiseaseprogression;hence,strategiestoinhibittheiractioncouldproveadvantageousinovariancancerpatients,especiallyinpatientsresistanttofirstlinetherapy.Monoclonalantibodiesandtyrosinekinaseinhibitorsaretwoclassesofdrugsthatactonthesereceptors.Theyhavedemonstratedvaluableantitumoractivityinmultiplecancersandtheirpossibleuseinovariancancercontinuestobestudied.Inthisreview,wediscussthehumanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptorfamily;reviewemergingclinicalstudiesonmonoclonalantibodiesandtyrosinekinaseinhibitorstargetingthesereceptorsinovariancancerpatients;andproposefutureresearchpossibilitiesinthisarea.

简介：Objective:Humanpancreaticcancerisoneofthemostcommonclinicalmalignancies.Theeffectofcomprehensivetreatmentbasedonsurgeryisgeneral.Theeffectsofchemotherapywerenotobviousmainlybecauseoflackoftargetingandchemoresistanceinpancreaticcancer.Thisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheeffectsoffolatereceptor(FR)-mediatedgemcitabineFA-Chi-Gemnanoparticleswithacore-shellstructurebyelectrostaticsprayonpancreaticcancer.Methods:Inthisstudy,thelevelsofexpressionofFRinsixhumanpancreaticcancercelllineswerestudiedbyimmunohistochemicalanalysis.Theuptakerateofisothiocyanate-labeledFA-ChinanoparticlesinFRhighexpressioncelllineCOLO357wasassessedbyfluorescencemicroscopeandtheinhibitionrateofFAChi-GemnanoparticlesonCOLO357cellswasevaluatedbyMTTassay.Moreover,thebiodistributionofPEG-FA-ICGDER02-Chiintheorthotopicpancreatictumormodelwasobservedusingnear-infraredimagingandthehumanpancreaticcancerorthotopicxenograftsweretreatedwithdifferentnanoparticlesandnormalsalinecontrol.Results:TheexpressionofFRinCOLO357wasthehighestamongthesixpancreaticcancercelllines.TheFRmainlydistributedoncellmembraneandfewerinthecytoplasminpancreaticcancer.Moreover,theabsorptionrateoftheFA-Chi-GemnanoparticleswasmorethantheChinanoparticleswithoutFAmodified.TheproliferationofCOLO357wassignificantlyinhibitedbyFA-Chi-Gemnanoparticles.ThePEG-FAICGDER02-Chinanoparticleswereenrichedintumortissueinhumanpancreaticcancerxenografts,whilenon-targetednanoparticlesweremainlyinnormallivertissue.PEG-FA-Gem-Chisignificantlyinhibitedthegrowthofhumanpancreaticcancerxenografts(PEG-FA-Gem-Chivs.Gem,t=22.950,P=0.000).Conclusions:PEG-FA-FITC-ChinanoparticlesmightbeaneffectivetargeteddrugfortreatinghumanFR-positivepancreaticcancer.

简介：AbstractTumor biomarkers play important roles in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Imaging of specific biomarkers will help to understand different biological activities, thereby achieving precise medicine for each head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient. Here, we describe various molecular targets and molecular imaging modalities for HNSCC imaging. An extensive search was undertaken in the PubMed database with the keywords including "HNSCC," "molecular imaging," "biomarker," and "multimodal imaging." Imaging targets in HNSCC consist of the epidermal growth factor receptor, cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD44v6), and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor and integrins. Targeted molecular imaging modalities in HNSCC include optical imaging, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. Making the most of each single imaging method, targeted multimodal imaging has a great potential in the accurate diagnosis and therapy of HNSCC. By visualizing tumor biomarkers at cellular and molecular levels in vivo, targeted molecular imaging can be used to identify specific genetic and metabolic aberrations, thereby accelerating personalized treatment development for HNSCC patients.