简介:美国加州Beta油田与我国辽东湾SZ36-1油田具有相似的特点。Beta油田具油稠(平均比重0.96)、埋深适中、含油井段长、储层疏松易出砂等特点。壳牌石油公司采用了防砂系统,电潜泵采油,注水保持压力以及多井槽、弯导管平台钻井等工艺措施,取得了较好的效益、笔者通过Beta油田与SZ36-1油田的对比,对开发SZ36-1油田试验区开发井网、完井工艺、采油方式以及钻井平台选型等,提出了建议.
简介:1.IntrodnctionThispaperextendsthestudyofthesingularmatrixvariatebetadistributionofrank1[1]tothecaseofageneralrank.Astherelateddistributiontonormalsampling,thematrixvariatebetadistribution(alsocalledthemultivariatebetadistribution)hasbeenstudiedextens...
简介:Aprobabilitydensityfunction(PDF)isderivedofbetadistributionwithbothλ3(skewness)andλ4(kurtosis)asparametersforweaklynonlinearwavesurfaceelevationbyuseofamethodrecentlyproposedbySrokosz.ThisPDFnotonlyhasasimplerformthanthewell-knownGram-CharlierSeriesPDFderivedbyLonguet-Higgins,butalsoovercomesanobviousshortcomingofthelatterthatwhentheseriesisunsuitablytruncated,theresultingPDFislocallynegative.TotestthederivedbetaPDF,laboratorialexperimentsofwindwavesareconducted.TheexperimentaldataindicatethatthetheoreticalrequirementsoftheparametersinthebetaPDFarefulfilled.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthepresentPDFisinbetteragreementwiththemeasureddatathanthebetaPDFonlyincludingparameterλ3,andalsothantheGram-CharlierSeriesPDFtruncateduptothetermofH6.
简介:ObjectivesToinvestigatetheeffectsoftestosteroneenanthate(TE)onserumlipidsandlipoproteinsmetabolismandtheexpressionofandrogenreceptor(AR),estrogenreceptorbeta(ER-β)andplateletderivedgrowthfactorbeta(PDGFR-β)inaorticvascularsmoothmuscletissues(VSMTs).MethodsFortyagedmaleratswererandomlydividedinto4groups,groupA(placebogroup),groupB(2.5mg/kgintramuscularinjectionofTEonceaweek),groupC(5.0mg/kgintramuscularinjectionofTEonceaweek),groupD(10.0mg,/kgintramuscularinjectionofTEonceaweek).Allanimalswerefedfreelyduring16-weektreatmentperiods.TheexpressionofAR,ER-βandPDGFR-βwerestudiedbyWesternbolt.ResultsAverageserumLDL-CwasloweringroupDthanthatingroupA(p<0.01).Comparedwiththeothergroups,averageserumTCwasalsoloweringroupD(p<0.05).ARexpressioninaorticvascularsmoothmuscletissuescouldberegulatedbyTE:99.50±21.74,125.38±28.68and101.98±15.42forTEconcentrationsat2.5mg/kg,5.0mg/kgand10.0mg/kg,respectively,theexpressionofER-βcouldberegulatedbyTE:92.34±18.68,47.72±18.12,82.13±23.50,andtheexpressionofPDGFR-βcouldberegulatedaswellbyTE:219.70±45.59,50.16±9.72,125.36±15.74(DataforAR,ER-βandPDGFR-βproteinbandintensitywereexpressedwithx±s,withcontrolgrouptakenas100).ConclusionsThisstudyindicatesthatandrogenshavesignificanteffectsonserumlipidsandlipoproteinmetabolism.Testosteroneenanthateat5.0mg/kgcanstimulatetheexpressionofAR,butinhibitetheexpressionofPDGFR.Testosteroneenanthateattheconcentrationsof5.0mg/kgand10.0mg/kgcaninhibitetheexpressionofER-β.
简介:在任何新油田开发的初期,地质和工程数据的局限性和不确定性都是油藏描述和模拟的问题。这些问题是由不同输入模型变量的不确定性导致的,例如储层连通性、流体粘度和岩心端点饱和度。在这种情况下,对地球和流动模拟模型采用adhoc方法(在一个时间段给出一个系数)不可能为指定商业目标决策提供正确的信息。本项研究给出了三个油田的实例,这些实例中,工程和地球模型变量在系统方法中已发生了变化,以便利用实验设计方法(ED)评价油藏动态。油田实例分析的结果表明,井(生产井和注入井)的技术要求比所预期的技术要求要少一些。同样重要的是,有一个实例研究已表明实验室的测量结果可能使周围的石油粘度和岩心端点饱和度的不确定性最小化。同时,我们也了解到,由于油藏各向异性大,水平井的择优定向在边界上优于垂直井。在另一个实例中,地层、油-气接触面(GOC)和含水带强度是初步筛选后所有因素设计中的主要变量。本文证实了由于这些变量满足了最小储量标准,因而能使项目继续进行下去。对于所有的研究而言,也许最重要的是如何利用与adhoc方法相比少得多的流动模拟运行次数来获取正确的信息。