简介：Giventheexistenceoftransactioncosts,thelocationofpropertyrightsisanimportantfactorindeterminingtheincentivesforefficientlevelsofinvestmentatvariouslevelsoftheindustry.Thispaperappliessomeoftheeconomictheoriesofpropertyrightsandindustrialstructuretotheissuesconcerningtheconservationofbiodiversity.AlthoughtheexpansionofIntellectualPropertyRights(IPR)systemsintotheareaofgeneticresourceshasincreasedprivateinvestmentinR&Dprocessoftheagriculture,itdoesnotgenerateenoughincentivesforinsituconservationofbiodiversity.Tosolvethiseconomicinefficiency,farmers’rightsandotherdesignofincentivesandinstitutionalarrangementshouldbereconsidered.

简介：InordertorealizesustainabledevelopmentofthearidareaofNorthwestChina,rationalwaterresourcesexploitationandoptimizationareprimaryprerequisites.Basedontheessentialprincipleofsustainabledevelopment,thispaperputsforwardageneralideaonwaterresourcesoptimizationandeco-environmentalprotectioninQaidamBasin,andidentifiesthecompetitivemultipletargetsofwaterresourcesoptimization.BysomequalitativemethodssuchasInput-outputModel&AHPModelandsomequantitativemethodssuchasSystemDynamicsModel&ProduceFunctionModel,somestandardplansofwaterresourcesoptimizationcomeintobeing.AccordingtotheMultipleTargetsDecisionbytheClosestValueModel,thebestplanofwaterresourcesoptimization,eco-environmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopmentinQaidamBasinisfinallydecided.

简介：ConflictbetweenconservationandcommunitylivelihoodisasignificantissueinChina.BasedonSustainableLivelihoodFramework(SLA),thisstudysystematicallyanalyzedlivelihoodsassetsofacommunityinaYunnansnub-nosedmonkeyconservationareaandfoundthatthelivelihoodpentagonofthecommunitywasshapedbymultiplebutfrailandunstableincomesources,abundantnaturalresourceswithrestricteduseright,underutilizedlabors,inadequatefinancialresources,inconvenientphysicalcapitalandweaksocialcapital.Villagers’incomeheavilydependedonforest,andgrazingandnontimberforestproducts(NTFP)collectionarecommonandmajorincomesourcesforvillagers.However,differentiationofincomedependenceonforestamongvillagers’groupsshowedthatthereisnoclosecorrelationbetweenthelevelofincomeandthelevelofincomedependenceonforest.Households’dailylifealsoheavilydependedontheforestduetoheatingandpig-feedcooking;hence,fuelwoodcannotbeeasilyreplacedbyanyotherenergyresourceforalongperiod.

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简介：Bymeansofmolecularscalemanagement,thetechnologyofseparatingnormalparaffinsfromnaphthathroughadsorptionusing5Amolecularsieveswasstudiedwiththepurposeofoptimizingtheutilizationofnaphtha.Therawmaterialsusedinsteamcrackingandcatalyticreformingprocessescouldbeallocatedproperly.Duringtheadsorptionprocess,theseparationefficiencyofthenormalparaffinswasabove99.9%withthepurityofnormalparaffinsinthedesorptionoilexceeding98.2%.Withtheuseofthedesorptionoilasthefeedstockofsteamcracking,theethyleneyieldincreasedfrom29.7%-35.0%to41.4%-49.2%comparedtothatofthenaphthaintheexistingplantundersimilaroperationconditions.Thepotentialaromaticcontentoftheraffinateoilrosefrom30.6%to43.5%comparedtothatinnaphtha.Theresearchoctanenumberoftheraffinateoilreachedmorethan85withanincreaseof20unitscomparedtothatofnaphtha,sotheraffinateoilismoresuitableforuseasablendingcomponentforhigh-octanecleangasoline.

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简介：珍贵矿物质资源广泛地在整个海床被散布。自治在水下当为如此的矿物质资源探查时，当广泛的探索区域使与操作员维持接触困难，车辆(AUV)对遥远地操作的车辆(ROV)更好。AUV取决于电池，因此他们的电源消费应该被减少扩大探索时间。为常规海洋的仪器系统的电源在他们的防水封上被合并。这电源来源的外部断断续续的控制由于强加由的限制是直到探索的结束挑战性的在水下环境。因此，AUV必须有能改进性能并且最大化电池能力的使用的一个电源控制系统。作者与一个三步的算法开发了如此的一个电源控制系统。它自动地检测在水下运作的状态和罐头限制电源，在大约15%的有效地减少的电源消费。

简介：Thepaperreviewedthereferencesofcarbonsequenceandoxygenreleaseofforestresources.Thedynasticphysicalaccountingmodelisestablished,andbenefittransfermodelisadoptedtocalculatewillingtopayforcarbonsequenceandoxygen.BengheForestryFarmofLinyiPrefectureofShandongProvinceisselectedasthecasestudyarea,theaccountingresultispresentedinthepaper.

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简介：西北中国包括XinjiangUgyur自治区域，Qinghai省，Gansu省，NingxiaHui自治区域和Shaanxi省，盖住308x10~4km~2。它位于温暖适度的地区，气候干旱或半干旱。降水是很少见的，但是蒸发极其高。气候是干燥的，水资源是缺乏的，theeco环境是易碎的，并且水资源的分发是不平的，降水是唯一的输入，并且蒸发是内陆河，和猛冲里的唯一的输出，在这个区域，与对方一起的表水和地下水变化为多次，它有益于水资源的存储和利用。在这个区域的平均降水是232公里，全部的降水数量是7003x10~8m~3/a，表水资源是1891x10~8m~3/a，全部的自然地下水资源是1150x10~8m~3/a，全部的有效水分资源是438x10~8m~3/a，和全部的水资源是8m~3/a和人均的水资源是的1996x10~2278m~3/a。整个区域的水资源是5.94x10~4m~3/(a.km~2)，仅仅是在中国的五分之一个平均值。现在，有效水分资源是876x10~8m~3/a，地下水在之中是贴近的130x10~8m~3/a。

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简介：Theutilizationofsedimentinreservoirsasresourcesisanefficientwaytoreducereservoirsedimentationandturndisadvantageintobenefit.Basedoneconomic,socialandecologicalfunctionsofsedimentresources,thispaperputsforwardatwo-layer,three-dimensionalevaluationindexsystem.ItalsoestablishessixdirectandindirectindicatorswiththeirformulastocalculatethecomprehensivebenefitsofsedimentutilizationintheXixiayuanreservoiroftheYellowRiverwithavolumeof2000m3.Theresultsshowthatsocialbenefitswouldbemoreprominent,withtheecologicalbenefitscomingsecond.ThisdemonstratesthattheindirectpublicvalueofutilizingthesedimentresourcesintheYellowRiverBasincanbefargreaterthanitsdirecteconomicvalue.

简介：Alongwiththedevelopmentofinformationandcommunicationstechnology,openeducationalresourceswerewidelyappliedintrainingusage.Theuseoftheseresourcesfacilitatestheaccesstoknowledgebyenablinglearnerstotranscendtimeandspace.Inthisway,learnersareabletoobtainnewknowledgemoreactivelyandefficientlythanbefore.UsingTechnologyAcceptanceModel(TAM)asthetheoreticalfoundation,thisstudyaimstoexplorethelearningoutcomeofusingopeneducationalresourceswiththeperceivedconvenienceastheexternalvariable.Inthisstudy,theopeneducationalresourcesweredefinedasonlinecoursesontheOpenCourseWare(OCW)andMassiveOpenOnlineCourses(MOOCs),onwhichthelearnerschoosecoursesthemselvesandstudywithouttheimpactfrompeople,matters,time,space,andthingswiththehelpoftheInternet.Toachievetheobjectivesofthestudy,theresearchersconductedasurveywiththeparticipantswhohadalreadyusedtheopeneducationalresources.Intotal,124validsampleswerecollected.ThePartialLeastSquares(PLS)statisticalmethodwasusedtocarryouttheanalysis.Overall,themodelofthisstudyhasgoodpredictionandexplanatorypower.Afterthedataanalysis,thestudyfoundthattheperceivedconvenienceexertsapositiveimpactontheuseoftheopeneducationalresources.Inaddition,amongthefourTAMvariables,theperceivedusefulnessdoesnotexertasignificantimpactonthebehavioralintentiontouse,buttheotherthreeTAMvariablesallhaveasignificantimpactonthebehavioralintention.

简介：管理顾客是必要的多样的愿望并且在生产在竞争并且最后为幸存保持生产费用尽可能低。在为不同产品生产分享资源是完成这个目标的一个重要方法。在生产使用一个普通过程的优点在文学被说。然而，数学模型或概念的模型不是足够的。这份报纸的主要目的是在质量和故障无常下面为multiproduct和多级式的生产开发数学模型。过程公共的想法在建议模型被合并。模型被在稳定、完美的生产环境下面从更早的MRPII和建议模型的及时要求时间表的一个马来西亚公司和比较收集的主要数据验证。结果的可估计的集中被观察。然而，建议模型在一个时间框架关于部分的可得到的地点正在带另外的信息。在确认以后，在无常下面的费用，能力和要求时间表上的过程公共的效果被检验。在生产的普通过程的使用以生产费用总是比非公共情形好，这被观察。然而，当系统受不了故障和一个优秀问题时，为公共图案的能力要求的增加为一个理想的系统是更高的，当它是更少时。

简介：Peopleandculturecoexistandhumanresourcesdevelopmentandregionalculturalecologyintegrate.Thepresentthesisforthefirsttimeputsforwardtheintegrationmodeofhumanresourcesdevelopmentandculturalecology,arguesthatpersonnelinnovationshouldbeattractedbymotiveinjection,openculture,resourcesintegration,culturedilution,thinkingblendingandpeople-orientationanddiscussesthetransmissionmechanismforfunctionsofintegrationmodeofhumanresourcesdevelopmentandculturalecologyfromtheaspectsofculturalvalues,livingstylesandculturalindustry.

简介：Manypeoplehavebeguntoconcernaboutthepotentialresourcesshortagesagainstthebackdropofrapideconomicgrowth.PaulKrugmanwroteanarticletitled‘RunningoutofPlanettoexploit’,andinthisarticle,theauthorwilladdresstheKrugmanquestion,andtoconsiderwhetherthekeyfactoristhedecision-makingcapacityoftheinternationalcommunityindealingwithandadaptingtothesubstantialinteractionsbetweenenergy,land,water,andfoodsupply,andthepotentialglobalresourcescarcitiesinthesefourareas—thelinksandlimitsinthepaper’stitle.

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简介：GaoligongmountainState-classnaturereserveissituatedintheSino-Myanmarborderarea.Ithasrichandpeculiarbiologicalresourcesandanumberofpreciousanimalandplantspecieswhichhasveryimportantprotectivevalueandinternationalsignificance,andwaslistedin1992byWWFasClass