简介:摘要目的分析乙型肝炎病毒五项标志物全阴性(乙肝五项全阴)人群补种乙肝疫苗的策略,为乙肝五项全阴人群进行补种乙肝疫苗时选择补种最佳策略提供数据支持。方法统计2008年1月至2018年9月在海军机关门诊部体检查出乙肝五项全阴并选择不同策略补种乙肝疫苗的士兵156例,按补种方法分为三组,(1)A组53例:当天注射第一针,与第一针间隔1个月注射第二针,与第一针间隔6个月注射第三针(简称0、1、6);(2)B组51例:当天注射第一针,与第一针间隔1个月注射第二针,与第一针间隔3个月注射第三针;(3)C组52例:只补种一针。追踪第二年体检中乙肝抗体的阳性情况。结果A组第二年的乙肝五项检查阳性率为98%(52/53),B组为76%(39/51),C组为52%(27/52)。A组第二年体检阳性率高于B组、C组(χ2=34.54、10.64,均P<0.01),B组第二年体检阳性率高于C组(χ2=35.64,P<0.01)。结论乙肝五项检查全阴人群,应当严格按照0、1、6的策略进行补种乙肝疫苗,机体才能最大可能的获得乙肝抗体,才能更有效地预防乙型肝炎。
简介:AbstractBackground:We aimed to describe and analyze the pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) in Beijing and provide information for the government and medical institutions to optimize EMS.Methods:We collected all pre-hospital emergency data in Beijing from 2008 to 2017. The chief complaint in each case was classified according to the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS). The sites’ administrative districts were determined through geo-encoding of addresses and then classified into four functional regions. We analyzed the demand for EMS, emergency response times (ERT), and disease spectrum for Beijing as a whole, and for each functional region.Results:A total of 4,192,870 pre-hospital EMS cases met the inclusion criteria, with a significant increase (P < 0.001) of 51.60% from 2008 to 2017. EMS demand was positively associated with population (r= 0.946, P < 0.001). The pre-hospital EMS demand rate was 1907.05 in 2008 and 2172.23 in 2017 per 100,000, with no significant change (P = 0.57). ERT increased significantly (P = 0.001), from 19.18 min in 2008 to 24.51 min in 2016. According to MPDS classifications, the demand for pre-hospital care increased for 14 diseases, remained stable for 19, and decreased for only 1 disease. Cases of injury-related disease increased significantly from approximately 90,000 in 2017, accounting for 20% of all pre-hospital EMS cases, and the demand rate decreased in the core region but increased in the sub-urban regions. Cases of heart problems and stroke/transient ischemic attack also increased significantly in the four functional regions, with the highest demand rate in the Core Functional Region.Conclusions:More resources and effort should be devoted to pre-hospital EMS according to the increased pre-hospital EMS demand and prolonged ERT in Beijing over our 10-year study period. Changes in disease spectrum and differences between functional regions should also be considered.
简介:【摘 要】在这个信息化的大环境下,教学环境与教学资源也在慢慢的发生变革,向教育信息化迈进,为了提高教学效率,课堂教学引入了很多的信息化的设备。北师大二年级数学下册第七单元《时分秒·奥运开幕》这一课时是关于时间单位的学习。学生在一年级已经学会了看整时与半时,初步认识了时针与分针,但对于“分”这个单位还是比较抽象。因此,本节课的通过微课导学、交互式希沃白板、班级优化大师、希沃授课助手等一系列的信息化活动,使课堂变得生动活泼,激发了同学们学习的热情,促进了师生之间,生生之间的互动。引导学生体验分的长短,帮助学生建立分的概念。同时培养学生的时间观念,引导他们养成珍惜时间的良好习惯。
简介:摘要:著名教育家马卡连柯说:“教育了集体,团结了集体,加强了集体,以后,集体的本身就能成为很大的教育力量。”主题班队会是一项重要的集体活动,是班主任通过班集体教育影响学生的一种教育形式,它可以有效地调动学生们的高度热情和智慧对自己进行自我教育。由于主题班会是在一个比较集中的时间,集中的环境下进行的教育,它强化教育渗透,能收到良好的效果。