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简介：Gummosisisthemostseriousdiseaseofmangoallaroundtheworld,whichisbecomingepidemicindifferentregionsofthesecountries,caninfectalmostallthecommercialandindigenousvarietiesofmango,andhasbeenregardedasanewseriousthreatofmangotreesatanalarmingratio.Thisarticlereviewedcausalorganisms,currentstatus,futureprospects,andmanagementpracticesofmangogummosisdisease.

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简介：在云南，在地形的生物多样性和脆弱的8个主要方面，生态系统，分发人口，相异的侵略，分离，污染和maladministrationwith，引起生物多样性损失的各种各样的威胁因素被描述了。生物多样性和脆弱在这共存的thefacts糊，这被揭示。因此，为有效保存的6majorcountermeasures和省的biodiversitywere的合理利用与象气候、人种、文化的差异那样的richintangible资源在云南根据科学发展概念，自然保护的原则，保存生物学，资源管理和人类植物学和现在的地位建议了，等等。

简介：Withdevelopmentofmoderngeoscience,particularlydevelopmentofenvironmentalsciences,thecontemporarysoilscienceisundergoinggreatchangesinbothresearchcontentsandscope.Soilisnotonlyacertainsubstanceoracertainindependentnaturalhistoricalbodybutalsoasphericlayerwithpeculiarstructureandfunctionsintheearthsystem.Fromtheviewpointofthegeo-biospheresystemofearth,soilsciencedoesdealnotonlywiththesoilsubstancespersebutalsomoreimportantlywiththerelationshipsamongsoil,theotherspheresandthehumansurvivalenvironmentinviewofthe"pedosphere",Thisistheneworientationofsoilsciencetodayandwillaffectprofoundlythestudiesonthehumansurvivalenvironmentandglobalchanges,Tothrowmorelightonthissubject,thepresentpaperintendstoaddresstheconceptionofpedosphereanditsroleinglobalchanges,AlsoaddressedareseriesofenvironmentalissuesinChinaandtheirrelationstotheglobalchanges.Moreover,researchorientationandprioritiesareindicated,includingexploitationandprotectionofthesoilresources,soilfertilityandsustainableagriculturaldevelopment,constructionoftheecologicalenvironment,andthematerialcyclinginpedosphereanditsrelationtoglobalchanges.

简介：Sorptionofacetanilideherbicides,metolachlor,acetochlor,pretilachlorandbutachloroneightsoilswithvariousphysicalandchemicalpropertieswasstudied,TheadsporptionisothermscouldfitFreundlichequationwell(r^2≥0.91)andtheadsorptionextentsincreasedintheorder:metolachlor

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简介：Chemicalmodificationandindustrialutilizationofligninbasedonitsstructurewerereviewedinthispaper.Anditseconomicvalueandsignificanceforthesocietyandenvironmentalprotectionwerealsoevaluated.

简介：Salt-affectedsoilsextensivelydistributeontheearth.Althoughthecausesarevarious,generallyspeakingsalinizationoccurrenceresultsfromtheaccumulationoffreesaltstoanextentthatcausesdegradationofvegetationandsoils.Besides,irrationalhumanpracticeshaveincreasedsoilsalinitybyallowingexcessrechargingofgroundwatertochangethenaturalbalanceofthewatercycleinthelandscape.Thisreducesthesuitabilitytoplantgrowthandincreasesthepotentialforotherformsofland...

简介：Urbanforestryisunderstoodtobethemanagementoftreesandforestsinurbanareas.Ityieldsmanyenvironmentalandmaterialbenefits.InSabah,theenvironmentalservicesofurbanforestryaremoreimportantthanmaterialproducts.Thepotentialofpractisingurbanforestryinvariouszonesandunderdifferentlandownershipisevaluated.AsurbanisationhasoccurredrecentlyinSabah,urbanforestryhasonlybeenpractisedtoalimitedextent.Tourismisaneconomicsectorwhichhasgainedprominenceinrecentyearsandhashugegrowthpotential.Withthenumerousenvironmentalservicesprovidedbyurbanforestrytomakeurbanareasmoreinhabitable,theincreasingtourismactivitiesnecessitateintensificationofurbanforestryactivities.Themainurbancentrescontainmanytouristattractions,andarealsothegatewaystomanyotherecotouristdestinationslocatedthroughoutSabah.WithtourismhighonthedevelopmentagendainSabah,urbanforestryneedstobepromotedsothatbothlocalsandvisitorscanenjoythenumeroussocial,environmentalandeconomicbenefits.

简介：ChineseForestEcosystemResearchNetwork,estabfishedinlate1950'sanddirectlyconstructedandadministeredbytheScienceandTechnologyDepartmentofStateForestryAdministrationofChina,isalargeecologyresearchnetworkfocusesonlong-termecosystemfixed-observation.Itembodies15sitesthatrepresentdiverseecosystemsandresearchpriorities,including6state-levelsites.CFERNOfficecoordinatescommunications,networkpublications,andresearch-planningactivities.CFERNusestheadvancedgroundandspatialobservationtechnologiessuchasRS,GPS,GIStostudythestructure,functionallawsandfeedbackmechanismofChineseforestecosystem,aswellasitseffectsonChina'ssocialandeconomicdevelopment.ThemaintaskscarriedoutbyCFERNare:(1)constructionofthedatabaseonthestructureandfunctionsofChineseforestecosystemanditsecologicalenvironmentalfactors;(2)thedatabaseconstructionofforestresources,ecologicalenvironment,waterresourcesandrelatedsocialeconomyinbothregionalandnationalscales;(3)theestablishmentofanevaluationsystemofforestecologicaleffectsinChina'smaindrainageareas;(4)theestabfishmentofaforestenvironmentmonitoringnetworkandadynamicpredictionandalarmsystem.

简介：利用不同浓度的秋水仙碱和不同处理方式来处理毛白杨及其杂种毛新杨的雄花芽，可以获得一定比率的染色体未减数的大花粉粒．用细胞荧光测定技术测定其ＤＮＡ相对含量，鉴定了这种大花粉粒为２ｎ花粉粒．这种２ｎ花粉粒是具有生活力的，可用于授粉杂交来培育三倍体．在温度较低的条件下，当秋水仙碱浓度为０．１％～０．５％时，注射处理花芽３～６次效果最佳．对高温（３８～４０℃）处理花芽诱导２ｎ花粉粒的方法也进行了试验和分析．

简介：Atelevatedtemperatureregimesandabundantprecipitation,mobilizationandaccretionofweatheredironoxidesarepromotedespeciallyinareducedenvironmentsinthetropics.Thismayleadtotheformationofplinthite,whichhardensirreversiblyuponrepeatedwettinganddryingtoformpetroplinthite.Theneedforthisreviewstemsfromtheseeminglydearthofinformationonthesubjectandaneedtoclarifydifferenttermsusedindescribingplinthite.Wereviewvariousresearchworksonplinthiteanditsassociatedpedogenicformsinthetropics.Furthermore,weprofferrecommendationsastothemostappropriatelandusemanagementpracticesthatcouldhelpminimisetheenvironmentalandagronomicproblemsassociatedwithplinthiteanditsrelatedpedogenicforms.Parentmaterial,temperature,seasonalityandgeomorphologyarecriticalfactorsthatinfluencesoilwaterregimewhichinturnaffectthepedogenesisofplinthite.SoilpHandmineralogyareadditionalfactorsthatcouldalsopromoteplinthiteformation.Fossilplinthicsoilsarepotentialproxiesforpalaeoenvironmentalreconstruction.Measuresusedinthemanagementofplinthicsoilsincludemechanicallybreakingthehardpansandtheuseoforganicandinorganicamendmentstomodifythestructureandchemistryofthesoils.Avoidanceofpracticesthatwouldpredisposesoilstoerosionwouldalsopreventplinthization.Wecallfortherelinquishmentoftheterm'laterite'whichisageneraltermforallformsofironoxide-enrichedearthymaterialsasusedforplinthite.PlinthichorizonshouldalsobeincorporatedintotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureSoilTaxonomyinviewofitsgrowingimportanceinsoils.

简介：Globalwarmingisoneofthehottestenvironmentproblems.OneofthereasonsisthesharpincreaseofCO2inatmosphere.Soilrespirationinforestecosystemsaccountsto60%-90%oftotalecosystemrespirationandisthereforeoneofthekeycomponentsoftheglobalCcycle.Thispapersummarizeddifferentresponsesofsoilrespirationtoforestmanagementmeasures,anddescribedtherelevantresearchesathomeandabroadontheeffectofmanagementmeasureslikeharvesting,forestfertilization,soilimproving(Liming),litterremoval,andprescribedburningonsoilrespiration.

简介：ThispaperestablishedanintegratedstandgrowthmodelofMongolianoak(ISGM_oak)usingthedatafrom61permanentsampleplotsmeasuredin1997and2007.ISGM_oakisagroupofnonlinearsimultaneousequations.Themethodofnonlinearerror-in-variablesimultaneousequationsisusedtoestimatetheparametersofISGMoakwiththestatisticalsoftwareForstat2.0,sotheparameterestimationofthegroupofcorrelatedequationsinISGMoakisunbiasedandtheequationsarecompatible.Modelvalidationusingbootstrapmethodshowedthatboththeaveragerelativeerrorandsquareerrorarelessthan15percent.TheISGM_oakmodelcanbeusedtosimulatethestandgrowthwithdifferentvaluesofsiteindex,standdensityandtodrawstanddensitymanagementdiagramfordecision-making.

简介：本文通过对理想点法进行分析，认为该法取不同的ｐ值代表决策者对不同目标的偏爱程度；但ｐ值过大模型求解比较困难，故实际应用时ｐ值取较大的值并不现实．为进一步突出决策人对不同目标的偏爱程度，作者对理想点法进行改进，引进了各目标的权重，提出了加权理想点法．与前者比较，它进一步突出了不同目标对决策结果的影响，使决策结果更符合决策者的愿望，便于在生产中实施．通过用该法对山西省千秋沟林场某经营类型进行收获调整，表明用该法进行森林收获调整，到调整期末龄级结构基本达到完全调整林状态，且可将决策者对不同目标的要求落实到合理水平上．

简介：LanddegradationisoneofthesignificantenvironmentalproblemsinbothChinaandCanada,whichseriouslythreatensthesustainabledevelopmentofnationaleconomyandsocietyofbothcountries.Thispaperintroducedsomepolicies,regulationsanddepartmentcoordinationmechanismsoflandresourcemanagement,restoration/rehabilitationofdegradedland,forestresourcesmanagement,agriculturalenvironmentalprotectionandmineralarealandreclamationinCanada.Somepractices,experiencesandeffectsinlanddegradationcontrolofCanadawerelistedandanalyzed.Finally,itwassuggestedthatthesuccessfulexperiencesofCanadaintechnology,policyandmanagementforlanddegradationcontrolshouldbelearnedforimprovingefficiencyoflanddegradationinChina’swesternregion.

简介：Thepaperelaboratesindetailscertificationmechanismforsustainableforestmanagement,includingthedefinition,contents,objectives,costs,benefits,characteristics,proceduresandimpactsofcertificationaswellasmaincertificationsystems.ItalsointroducesindetailsthelatestprogressanddevelopmentperspectivesofcertificationinChinaandaroundtheworld.Certificationisamarket-basedmechanism,whichaimsatenhancingandstrengtheningthereasonableutilizationofforests.Itusua...

简介：成宁是全国主要竹产区之一，竹业是成宁经济发展的一个主导产业。从栽培技术、基地规模、加工效益、经济份额等方面看，提升咸宁的竹业具有可行性；从农业、工业、旅游等区域经济发展全局看，提升咸宁竹业具有必要性。因此，必须抓住国家高度重视林业和生态建设的机遇，进一步巩固竹业的支柱地位、加快资源培育、开展精深加工、激活发展机制，将传统的资源优势转变为明显的经济优势，为建设成宁新型生态园林城市作出更大贡献。

简介：Successionrulesofsoilacidityqualityoflarchplantationsinfirstrotationatdifferentdevelopmentstages,successionrulesofsoilacidityqualityofyoungstandoflarchplantationsinsecondrotationandtherelationshipbetweensoilacidityandvariousformsoforganicphosphorusandinorganicphosphoruswerestudiedinmountainousareaofeasternpartofNortheasternChina.Theresultsshowedthatactiveacidity(pHvalue)inrhizospheresoildecreasedcontinuallywithstandageincreasingfromyoungstand,half-maturestand,nearmaturestandtomaturestand,butactiveacidity(pHvalue)innon-rhizospheresoil,exchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminium,totalhydrolyticacidity,andtheratioofexchangeacidityandtotalhydrolyticacidityinrhizospheresoilandinnon-rhizospheresoilincreasedapparently;totalorganicP,moderatelyresistantorganicP,andhighlyresistantorganicPinsoildecreasedatallagestagesinlarchplantationswhensoilacidityadded.Forrhizospheresoilofallstandsoflarchplantationsatdifferentdevelopmentstages,therewaspositivecorrelationbetweenCa-P(exceptinyoungstand),Al-P(exceptinhalf-maturestand),Fe-P(exceptinnearmaturestandandmaturestand),O-P(exceptinyoungstand),andsoilactiveacidity,respectively;Forrhizospheresoil,therewasnegativecorrelationbetweenCa-P(exceptinhalf-maturestand),Al-P(exceptinyoungstand),O-P,andexchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminium,therewasalsonegativecorrelationbetweenCa-P,Al-P(exceptinyoungstandandhalf-maturestand),Fe-P,O-P,andtotalhydrolyticacidityrespectively.Forrhizospheresoil,thecorrelationcoefficientbetweenCa-P,O-Pandtotalhydrolyticaciditydecreased,respectively,asstandagesupandthatbetweenFe-Pandexchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminiumincreased,respectively,asstandagesgrew.Fornon-rhizospheresoil,therewasnotsignificantcorrelationbetweensoilacidityandvariousformsofinorganicphosphorusandorganicphosphorus,respective