简介：ＡＬＡＢＯＲＡＴＯＲＹＴＥＳＴＦＡＣＩＬＩＴＹＦＯＲＳＯＬＡＲＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＳＴＲＵＭＥＮＴＳＡＮＤＩＴＳＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳ￥ＬｕＷｅｎｈｕａ（吕文华）ａｎｄＭｏＹｕｅｑｉｎ（莫月琴）ＡＬＡＢＯＲＡＴＯＲＹＴＥＳＴＦＡＣＩＬＩＴＹＦＯＲ...

简介：ＣＨＩＮＡＧＬＯＢＡＬＡＴＭＯＳＰＨＥＲＥＷＡＴＣＨＢＡＳＥＬＩＮＥＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＯＲＹＡＮＤＩＴＳＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＴａｎｇＪｉｅ（汤洁），ＷｅｎＹｕｐｕ（温玉璞），ＸｕＸｉａｏｂｉｎ（徐晓斌），ＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ（郑...

简介：Theatmosphericintraseasonaloscillation(ISO)anditsinterannualvariabilityaresimulatedbytheatmosphericgeneralcirculationmodel,whichwasdevelopedattheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysics.Twonumericalexperimentswereperformed,correspondingtotheAMIP-IandAMIP-IIsimulations,respectively.Themodelreasonablyreproducesthemajoraspectsoftheintraseasonaloscillation,includingthepropagatingpropertyandtheseasonaldifferencesinthetropics,thewavenumberstructureofISOintheglobe,andtheglobalcoincidenceintheinterannualvariationofISO.Comparisonoftheresultsbetweenthetwoexperimentssuggeststhatimprovementoftheboundaryforcingorconsideringtheair-seainteractionmayhelptoimprovethesimulationontheISOanditsinterannualvariability.

简介：广州春天降雨主要展出内部年变化30年的ofQuasi每年两次、内部的十的变化，并且在时间放大的弱降雨atinterdecadal的时期。Nino3的SST异例(SSTA)是Guangzhouspring降雨的最强壮的先锋。他们从以前的11月有重要积极关联并且稳定地坚持到4月。在以前的冬季的Nino3SSTA在春天通过NorthPacific副热带的高、低的风影响广州春天降雨。当Nino3SSTA在以前的冬季是积极的时，跳副热带的高度是强烈的，向西，华南位于在搬运到华南的副热带的高度，和水汽的边登上气流的区域被反气旋循环加强到菲律宾的东方。广州春天降雨因此是重的。当Nino3SSTA是否定的时，副热带的高度弱、东方，华南从副热带的高度是遥远的并且位于下气流的区域，并且因为低级气旋的循环控制区域到菲律宾的东方，北方风在华南占优势，搬运到华南的水汽是弱的。广州春天降雨因此是弱的，春天干旱被结果。

简介：TneglobalchangeofclimateanditsinfluenceonthecroppingsysteminChinahavebeeninvestigatedinthispaper.ItisfoundthatthetemperaturewasincreasedduringthelastdecadeandtheprecipitationdecreasedinnorthernChinaandincreasedinsouthernChinaduringthelast30years.Thesealevelhasbeenrisingbyabout21—26cminthecoastalareassouthof30°NinChinaduringthelast100years.Themostofresultsassimulatedbythegeneralcirculationmodels（GCMs）showthatthetemperatureincreasewouldamounttoabout2°—4°CinthemostpartsofChinaandprecipitationandsoilmoisturemightbedecreasedinnorthernChinaandincreasedinsourthernChinaduetodoublingofcarbondioxide（CO2）.TheeffectsofdoubledCO2ongrowthperiodandclimaticyieldcapabilityinChinahavebeenestimatedroughly.ItisshownthattheregionsofthegrowthperiodinChinawouldbemovednorthwardaboutfivedegreeslatitudeandtheclimaticyieldcapabilitymightbeincreasedbyabout10％inthemostpartsofChina.

简介：A2-Dglobalchemistry-transportmodelissetupinthispaper.Themodelsimulatestheatmosphericozonedistributionswellwithspecifieddynamicalconditions.Theanalysisofozonevariationmechanismshowsthatozoneischemicallyinquasi-equilibriumexceptforthepolarnightregionwherethevariationofozoneconcentrationisunderthecontrolofdynamicalprocesses,thattheoxygenatomswhichproduceozonearemainlyprovidedbythephotolysisofO2intheupperstratosphereandbythephotolysisofNO2inthelowerstratosphereandthetroposphere.andthattheozoneisdestroyedmainlybyNOx:thereactionsbetweenNOxandO3andtheoddoxygencyclecontribute80%tomorethan90%oftheozonedestruction.

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简介：ＴＨＥＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳＯＦＭＡＩＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＴＨＥＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＣＹＣＬＯＮＥ９０１２ＡＦＴＥＲＩＴＳＬＡＮＤＩＮＧ￥ＬｉａｎｇＬｉ，ＷｕＺｈｉｗｅｉ（ＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｕｊｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，Ｆｕｚｈｏｕ...

简介：在这研究，Jenkinson和Collison(1977)基于兰姆(1950)的一个打字计划开发的分类计划被使用在一个每月的基础上从吝啬的海平面的压力获得发行量类型。从1951～2002的每月吝啬的海平面的压力数据被用来导出六个发行量索引并且向一个发行量目录提供27种发行量类型。最经常发生了的五种主要类型(N，NW，C，CSW，和SW)被分析在各种各样的时间规模上与哈尔滨的温度揭示他们的关系。逐步的多重回归被用来重建温度异例。发生的所有类型和三个学生的合成地图的每月吝啬的降雨打字(C，CSW，和SW)与哈尔滨的降水相关被学习。结果证明在冬季的主导的类型是类型N和NW。类型C，CSW，和SW在夏天经常发生。类型N和NW赞成一个否定温度异例并且当类型C，CSW，和SW经常导致一个积极温度异例并且对应于更多的降雨时，对应于更少的降雨。而且，一个成功的统计模型能被建立与仅仅，六之一索引并且大规模吝啬的温度。用模型，在在1951和2002之间的温度异例的77.3%全部的变化能被重建。类型C与全部的降雨有一种靠近的关系，类型C降水在在最近的年里决定哈尔滨的全部的降雨起一个主要作用。这个分类计划是有温度的一个统计downscaling模型和它的关系，降水能被用来预报地区性的气候。[出版摘要]

简介：Theoscillationofmulti-timescalesandtheprocessoftransitionbetweencoldandwarmperiodsovermostpartsofChinaandits6regions(theNortheast,NorthChina,ChangjiangRiverValley,SouthChina,theSouthwest,theNorthwest)wereanalyzedwithwavelettransformationandbycomputingthevariancesofthewaveletcomponentsforthetemperaturegradeseriesduringJanuary191ItoFebruary2001,Thepredictionmodelforcoldandwarmperiodshasbeendevelopedandthetrendofcoldandwarmchangeinthecoming10yearsispredicted.Theresultsshowthattheoscillationwithperiodsofaround30-40yearswasthestrongestinthelast100yearsandthe3-yearoscillationinbothwinterandsummerwasalsostronger,especiallyinwinter.Thetransitiontimeofcoldandwarmperiodsintermsofwintermeandidnotcoincidewiththatofannualmean,butthedifferencebetweensummermeanandannualmeanisless.Theprocessesoftransitionof6regionsaresomewhatdifferent,theirmaincharacteristicsarethatthebeginningyearofsignificantwarmingfor1980sto1990swasverydifferentforthesouthernandthenorthernpartofChina.Itisfoundthatthestrongeroscillationwith3-yearperiodcausescoolinginNortheastChinainrecentseveralwinters.Theexperimentalpredictionsshowthatthemodelsusedinthepapercanprojectthemajortransitionbetweenhighandlowtemperatureperiods.

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简介：Inordertoimprovetheaccuracyoftherainfallmeasurement,aradar-radiometersystemhasbeendevel-oped.ItcouldbeusedtomeasurethedistributionoftherainfallintensityaLldthevariationofarearainfall.Infieldexperiment,theaccuracyoftherainfallmeasurementwasimporved.Inthispaper,theerrorofrainfallmeasurementbyradarwillbeevaluatedandthemethodstoimprovetheaccuracyoftherainfallmeasurementwillbediscussed.

简介：ＴＨＥＳＣＩＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＷＡＴＥＲＭＡＮＡＧＥＭＥＮＴＩＮＷＩＮＴＥＲＷＨＥＡＴＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣＢＥＮＥＦＩＴＳＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＣＨＩＮＡＡｎＳｈｕｎｑｉｎｇ（安顺清）ａｎｄＬｉｕＧｅｎｇｓｈａｎ（刘庚山）Ｒｅｓｅａｒ...

简介：Climateeffectcausedbyurbanizationhasbeenanindispensableanthropogenicfactorintheresearchonregionalclimatechange.Basedondailyprecipitationdata,possibleeffectsofprecipitationonthedevelopmentofthreecitygroupsineasternChinaarediscussed.Withthreeclassificationmethods(TP,PDandMODISlandcover),urbanandruralstationsareidentified.Themainfindingsareasfollows.Climateeffectscausedbyurbanizationaredifferentfromplacetoplace.In1960to2009,theurbanizationbroughtmoreprecipitationtotheYangtzeRiverDeltaandPearlRiverDeltacitygroupsbuthadnoobviouseffectontheprecipitationoftheBeijing-Tianjin-Tangshancitygroup.Thedifferenceofprecipitationisslightbetweenurbanandsuburbanareasduringslowperiodoftheurbanizationfrom1960to1979.Itismoreevidentintherapidperiod(1980to2009)thaturbanizationhaspositiveeffectsonprecipitationineverycitygroup.Thedifferenceofprecipitationbetweenurbanandruralstationsissensitivetothewaysofdistinguishingruralfromurbanarea,whichmaycauseuncertaintiesin1960to1979,whileitisverydifferentin1980to2009inwhichurbanizationfavorsmoreprecipitationinallcitygroupsandtheirdifferencesinprecipitationarenotsensitivetothedivisionmethods.

简介：Basedontheanalysesonamplitudesofhistoricalvariationoftemperatureandprecipitationinthepast500yearsandlatest100years,accordingtotheregionalclimatechangescenariosforChinaestimatedbycompositeGCM,thepotentialimpactsofclimatechangeoncroppingsystemsinChinainfuturearesimulatedandassessedusingthecroppingsystemmodeldevelopmentspeciallyfortheChinesecroppingpatterns.Itisshownthatundertheprojectedfutureclimatechangeby2050themostpartsofthepresentdoublecroppingareawouldbereplacedbythedifferenttriplecroppingpatternswhilethecurrentdoublecroppingareawouldshifttowardsthecentralpartofthepresentsinglecroppingarea.Moreexplicitly,thenorthernboundaryoftriplecroppingareawouldshiftfromitscurrentborderattheChangjingRivertotheHuangheRiver,ashiftofmorethan5degreesoflatitude.Andtheshiftofmultiplecroppingareasleadstoasignificantdecreaseofsinglecroppingarea.Furthermore,consideringthechangesmentionedaboveincombinationwiththelikelynegativebalanceofprecipitationandevapotranspirationand,therefore,increaseofmoisturestress(i.e.lesswateravailability),aswellasthepossibleincreaseofheatstressdisasteranddecreaseofLGS(lengthofgrowingseason),thepotentialimplicationofclimatechangeforagricultureinChinaarealsoanalyzedroughlyinthispaper.Asaresult,however,itisstillverydifficulttoreachaspecificconclusionthatthefutureclimatechangewillhefavorableorunfavorabletofarminChinabecauseofthecomplicatedChinesefarmingpatterns,thecomplex-varioussocialandeconomicenvironmentofagriculturaldevelopmentand,especially,agreatscientificuncertaintiesintheinvestigation/predictionofclimatechange.

简介：Threetyphooncasesareselectedtoconductaseriesofsimulationsthatareinitializedfromsequentialanalyses.Theresultsshowthattheforecasterrorincrucialareawhereatropicalcyclone(TC)interacteswiththeupstreamtroughishighlycorrelatedtothetrackforecasterroraftertheTCrecurvature.Furthermore,sensitivityexperimentsconfirmthatthedevelopmentsofthemidlatitudedownstreamcirculationsandthentheTCtrackafteritsrecurvaturearehighlysensitivetotheTCintensityanditslocationrelativetotheupstreamtrough,whichcangiveanexampleoronewayofsensitivityoftheTCtracktotheTC-troughinteraction.IftheTCinteractswiththeupstreamtroughmorestrongly(e.g.,theTCbeingintensifiedorgettingclosertotheupstreamtrough),thedownstreamcirculationswillbemoremeridional,thustheTCtrackwillbemorenortherlyandwesterly;otherwise,thedownstreamcirculationswillbemorezonal,andtheTCtrackwillbemoresoutherlyandeasterly.

简介：这研究在中国调查在夏天降雨之间的统计连接，使用欧亚的融雪水等价物(SWE)驻扎的从513的夏天降雨观察的数据集并且在在从1979～2004的时期期间的NCEP/NCAR分析的前面的春天，观察卫星的融雪水等价物，和大气循环变量。开始的二个联合模式被使用单个价值分解(SVD)识别方法。春天SWE可变性的领先的SVD模式在西藏的高原和东亚的一些小区域与相反的异例在大多数欧亚大陆显示出协调负异常。模式显示强壮内部年度可变性，迭加在上一内部发生在1980年代末的十的变化，与坚持的否定阶段在19791987并且经常的积极阶段以后。当领先的模式在它的积极阶段时，它在整个大多数欧亚大陆在春天对应于更少的SWE。同时，在西藏的高原和东亚，在南方的夏天降雨和东南中国的一些小区域的过多的SWE趋于被增加，而它将在黄河的起来到达被减少。在里面最近二十年，在欧亚大陆的减少的春天SWE可以在南方和东南中国是为在诺思和东北中国和更多重要降雨事件的严重干旱的原因之一。春天SWE可变性的第二个SVD模式在西方、东方的欧亚大陆出现在空间变化对面，当大多数西藏的高原和东亚在阶段时。这个模式显著地在诺思和东北中国与成功的夏天降雨相关，少些也就是说在东方欧亚大陆和西藏的高原在西方的欧亚大陆和过多的SWE触发SWE趋于在诺思和东北中国与减少的夏天降雨被联系。

简介：基于在时期期间在华南上从17个车站拿的每日的降水数据19612003，在在在与可能的机制一起的1990年代初的华南上的夏天极端降水事件的一个突然的变化在华南海上与潜伏的热流动的异例连接了，在印度支那半岛上的可感热流动被检验。结果两个都显示出那annual和夏天极端降水事件有明显内部十的变化并且自从1990年代初，显著地增加了。而且，在华南海上的潜伏的热流动和在印度支那半岛上的可感热流动也有明显内部与极端降水的一致的十的变化，和影响不同的月的极端降水分别地。他们的效果被完成由内部在通过华南海夏季风的华南上的加强的传送对流的十的增加。

简介：在最近的年里，全球航行卫星系统反射计(GNSS-R)被开发作为一个新遥感工具估计土壤潮湿内容(SMC)。全球放的系统(GPS)bistatic雷达的信号错误是影响SMC评价的精确性的一个重要因素。在这份报纸，直接、反映的信号被介绍的包含两个的GPS信号刻度的二个方法，和如此的方法的理论基础的详细解释被给。利用校准的GPSL乐队信号的一个改进SMC评价模型被建议，并且评价精确性在2002从土壤潮湿实验用在空中的GPS数据被验证(SMEX02)。我们为确认在US的核桃溪区域与大豆和玉米选择21个地点。这些地点根据他们的植被盖子被划分成三个范畴：赤裸的土壤，中间植被的盖子(中间蔬菜)，并且高植被的盖子(高蔬菜)。SMC评价的精确性为赤裸的土壤是11.17%并且8.12%为中间蔬菜的地点，比传统的模型的好一些。为高蔬菜的地点，信号变细的效果preliminarily由于植被盖子被考虑，与规范的差别植被索引(NDVI)有关的一个线性模特儿被收养为修正在刻度上，和错误获得一个因素因为高蔬菜的地点最后被归结为3.81%。

简介：TheNCEP/NCARreanalysisdatasetsandClimatePredictionCenter(CPC)MergedAnalysisofPrecipitation(CMAP)raindataareusedtoinvestigatethelargescaleseasonaltransitionofEastAsiansubtropicalmonsoon(EASM)anditspossiblemechanism.ThekeyregionofEASMisdefinedaccordingtotheseasonaltransitionfeatureofmeridionalwind.Bycombiningthe’thermalwind’formulaandthe’thermaladaptation’equation,anew’thermal-wind-precipitation’relationisdeduced.Theareameanwinddirectionsandthermaladvectionsindifferentseasonsareanalyzedanditisshownthatinsummer(winter)monsoonperiod,theaveragedwinddirectionintheEASMregionvariesclockwise(anticlockwise)withaltitude,andtheEASMregionisdominatedbywarm(cold)advection.TheseasonaltransitionofthewinddirectionatdifferentlevelsandthecorrespondingmeridionalcirculationconsistentlyindicatesthatthesubtropicalsummermonsoonisestablishedbetweentheendofMarchandthebeginningofApril.Finally,aconceptualschematicexplanationforthemechanismofseasonaltransitionofEASMisproposed.