简介:IntroductionErrorsareunavoidableinlanguagelearning,however,toagreatextent,teachersinmostmiddleschoolsinChinaregarderrorsasundesirable,asignoffailureinlanguagelearning.Mostmiddleschoolsarestillusingthegrammar-translationmethodwhichaimsatencouragingstudentstoreadscientificworksandenjoyliteraryworks.Theothergoalsofthismethodaretogainagreaterunderstandingofthefirstlanguageandtoimprovethestudents’abilitytocopewithdifficultsubjectsandmaterials,i.e.todevelopthestudents’minds.Thepracticalpurposeofusingthismethodistohelplearnerspasstheannualentranceexamination."Toachievethesegoals,thestudentsmustfirstlearngrammarandvocabulary,...Grammaristaughtdeductivelybymeansoflongandelaborateexplanations...studentslearntherulesofthelanguageratherthanitsuse."(TangLixing,1983:11-12)
简介:COMPLETECONVERGENCEOFERRORVARIANCEESITIMATESUNDER¢-MIXINGERRORINLINEARMODELSXueLiugen(薛留根)(XuchangTeachersCollege,Henan461000...
简介:Thepurposeofthispaperistostudythedynamicalmechanismoferrorgrowthinthenumericalweatherprediction.Theerrorisdefinedinthesenseofgeneralizedenergy,simplycalledenergyerror.Fromthespectralformoftheprimi-tiveequations,wehavederivedtheevolutionequationsoferrorindetail.Theanalysesoftheseequationshaveshownthattheerrorgrowthrateisdeterminedbythetangentlinearequations.Thenonlinearadvectioncausedbytheerrorperturbationitselfcontributesnothingtotheerrorgrowthrate,andonlyredistributestheerror.Furthermore,anap-proachtocalculationoftheerrorgrowthratehasbeendeveloped,whichcanalsobeusedtostudythelocalinstabilityoftime-independentbasicstateaswellastime-dependencebasicstate.Thisapproachisappliedtowell-knownLorenz’ssystem,andtheresultsareindicativeofthecorrectnessandsignificanceofthetheoreticalanalyses.
简介:Thispaperdeducedamoregeneralerrordistribution,thep-thpow-ernormdistribution,basedonthefoundationalpropertiesofrandomerrors.
简介:切开技术的一时间对许多免费表面海洋模型普通。在内部、外部的模式的方程的不同截断错误要求数字调整保证算法正确地满足连续性方程并且保存tracers数量。princeton海洋模型(POM)使用了在每个内部时间步骤以外部速度调整内部速度的垂直平均数的一个简单方法。然而,由于Asselin时间过滤器,方法采用了阻止数字不稳定性,在POM使用的速度调整的方法能不再在内部模式保证连续性方程的满足,不过,一个特殊处理被用来与外部模式的联系内部模式的表面举起。错误被证明是在Asselin过滤器的系数的一个秒顺序术语。在数字模型的这个错误的一影响是在海地板的运动边界条件的失败。由一个地区性的实验和一个伪全球的实验,这个错误的大小被评估,并且这个错误的几敏感测试被执行。这个错误的特征被分析,二个其他的算法被建议减少错误。
简介:Throughoutthispaper,let(Ω,ι,μ)beaprobabilityspace,Dthecollectionofallleft-continuousdistributionfunctions,andD~+={F(0)=0|F∈D},andL(Ω)thecollec-tionofallrandomvariableswhichisa.s.finiteonΩ,andL~+={ξ≥0a.s.|ξ∈L(Ω)}.Forrandommetric(normed)spaces,see[1]or[2].Theorem1Let(M,d)beacompletemetricspacef:M→M,acontractmappingwithcontractcoefficientα∈[0,1),L(Ω,m)thecollectionofallM-valuedrandomvari-
简介:Inthispaperwedevelopperiodicquarticsplineinterpolationtheorywhich,ingeneral,givesbetterfustocontinuousfunctionsthandoestheexistingquinticsplineinterpolationtheory.Themaintheoremofthepaperistoestablishthatr=0,1,2,3.Also,thenanperiodiccasescannotbeconstructedempoly-ingthemethodologyofthispaperbecausethatwillinvolveseveralotherendconditionsentirelydifferentthan(1,10).
简介:ThisletterpresentsanovelspatialerrorconcealmentalgorithmfortheH.264videocoding.Theerrorconcealmentalgorithmisbasedondirectionalinterpolation.Mojettetransformisusedtoestimatetheorientationfeaturesofthedamagedblocks,andtheimageisinterpolatedintheappro-priatedirections.Theproposedmethodiscomparedwithbilinearinterpolationalgorithmintheref-erenceimplementationofH.264andalldirectionalinterpolation.Experimentalresultsprovethattheproposedalgorithmhasbettersubjectiveandobjectiveimagereconstructionquality.
简介:当错误当模特儿在GIS描述曲线的错误,曲线的一个随机的错误过程被建议。以随机的进程,有关曲线的本地错误的四个特征也就是,意味着错误的错误功能,标准错误函数,绝对误差函数,和相关函数,被提出。一条曲线的全部的错误被随机的错误过程的吝啬的方形的积分表示。概率的意思和上面提及的特征的几何意思也被讨论。一个scandigitization实验被设计检查模型的效率。在实验,一条等高线被数字化因为超过100次和大量样品功能从实验被导出。最后,所有错误特征根据样品功能被估计。实验结果证明在数字化的地图数据的系统的错误不是可以忽略的,并且曲线上的点的错误主要依赖于弯曲和曲线的凹度。