简介：

简介：OnAugust21,2006,aninternationalforumwasheldinBeijingongenderdiscriminationinemploymentandpossiblemechanismsforrelief.Morethan50expertsattendedtheforumorganizedbytheDepartmentofLawofChinaWomen'sUniversity(CWU)andtheCWUCenterforStudyofHumanRightsforwomen.TheywerefromtheRenminUniversityofChina,HarvardUniversityoftheUnitedStatesandotherprestigiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram,theUnitedNationsWomen'sDevelopmentFund,aswellasChina'sSupremePeople'sCourt,theBeijingMunicipalWomen'sFederationandtheBeijingMunicipalFederationofTrade

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：我们试验性地证明在由使用顺序的计划的二单一的操作之间的完美的辨别由Duan等求婚了[Phys。加快。Lett。98(2007)100503]也，我们显示出怎么理解计划并且在Bloch范围的图画为二维的操作计算参数。[从作者抽象]

简介：Thediscreteexcitation-emission-matrixfluorescencespectra(EEMS)at12excitationwavelengths(400,430,450,460,470,490,500,510,525,550,570,and590nm)andemissionwavelengthsrangingfrom600-750nmweredeterminedfor43phytoplanktonspecies.Atwo-rankfluorescencespectradatabasewasestablishedbywaveletanalysisandafluorometricdiscriminationtechniquefordeterminingphytoplanktonpopulationwasdeveloped.Forlaboratorysimulativelymixedsamples,thesamplesmixedfrom43algalspecies(thealgaeofonedivisionaccountedfor25%,50%,75%,85%,and100%ofthegrossbiomass,respectively),theaveragediscriminationratesatthelevelofdivisionwere65.0%,87.5%,98.6%,99.0%,and99.1%,withaveragerelativecontentsof18.9%,44.5%,68.9%,73.4%,and82.9%,respectively;thesamplesmixedfrom32redtidealgalspecies(thedominantspeciesaccountedfor60%,70%,80%,90%,and100%ofthegrossbiomass,respectively),theaveragecorrectdiscriminationratesofthedominantspeciesatthelevelofgenuswere63.3%,74.2%,78.8%,83.4%,and79.4%,respectively.Forthe81laboratorymixedsampleswiththedominantspeciesaccountingfor75%ofthegrossbiomass(chlorophyll),thediscriminationratesofthedominantspecieswere95.1%and72.8%atthelevelofdivisionandgenus,respectively.Forthe12samplescollectedfromthemesocosmexperimentinMaidaoBayofQingdaoinAugust2007,thedominantspeciesofthe11sampleswererecognizedatthedivisionlevelandthedominantspeciesoffourofthefivesamplesinwhichthedominantspeciesaccountedformorethan80%ofthegrossbiomasswerediscriminatedatthegenuslevel;forthe12samplesobtainedfromJiaozhouBayinAugust2007,thedominantspeciesofallthe12sampleswererecognizedatthedivisionlevel.Thetechniquecanbedirectlyappliedtofluorescencespectrophotometersandtothedevelopingofaninsitualgaefluorescenceauto-analyzerforphytoplanktonpopulation.

简介：Inthispaper,thequadraticprogramproblmandminimumdiscrimiationinformation(MDI)problemwithasetofquadraticinequalityconstraintsandentropyconstraintsofdensityareconsidered.Basedonthepropertiesofthegeneralizedgeometricprogramming,thedualprogramsofthsestwoproblemsarederived.Furthermore,thedualitytheormsandrelatedKuhn-Tuckerconditionsfortwopairsoftheprime-dualprogramsarealsoestablishedbythedualitytheory.

简介：AbstractInfectious disease outbreaks have seriously endangered global health owing to the scarcity of testing materials and techniques. Diversified materials and methods should be urgently developed for rapid detection and discrimination of pathogenic microorganisms. Conjugated polymer (CP) materials are macromolecular compounds comprising numerous covalently bonded luminescent units. They have excellent light-harvesting and optical signal amplification capabilities owing to the transmission of excitation energy along their backbone. In recent years, CP materials have aroused research enthusiasm in the biosensors field because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties. This brief manuscript provides an overall review of recent progress achieved in CP-based systems for pathogen sensing.

简介：Thefeaturesofnon-voicesignalsonpubliccommunicationnetsareanalyzedandanapproachtodistinguishsuchsignalsisintroducedinthispaper.Itisthefirsttimeforthesystemtomeetthreekeytargets:large-scale,highrecognitionrateandlowfalsealarmatthesametime.

简介：Aimedateliminatingallformsdiscriminationagainstwomen,ensuringhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsforwomeninallfieldsandrealizingde-factoequalitybetweenmenandwomen,theConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomenadoptedbytheU.N.GeneralAssemblyisamostsignificantandmostcomprehensivelegaldocumentconcerningtheprotectionofhumanrightsofwomen,whichiscalled'TheCharteroftheHumanRightsofWomen.'ThisthesisreviewstheachievementsandproblemsinthefulfillmentbytheChinesegovernmentofobligationsundertheConventionaftersigningandratifyingit;andalsoputsforwardsomefeasibleapproachesforimprovementthereof.

简介：格林macroalgaeChaetomorphaaerea和C。linum分类地被糊涂。在这份报纸，我们试试词法、分子的分析分开这二种。C。aerea和C。linum能与词法characteritics被区分开来，例如复叶尺寸，房间尺寸和形状，他们的吝啬的长度/宽度比率(LWR)，和房间围收缩。C的Thalli。aerea由顶往底地稀释与在上面的部分的直径270-500m，在中间的部分的160-360m，在基础部分的100-160m。为上面的部分，房间的长度是不到他们的直径。房间墙通常在隔膜压缩，它透明或无色并且给细丝beaded外观。相反，C的thalli。linum经常在一样的个人，以内有90-300m的一条经常的直径房间墙通常不压缩，房间是圆柱的或塑造的桶。LWR比C的大。aerea。结果证明在二种之间的pairwise距离为它的区域是为18SrRNA基因和53.5%-54.3%的3.6%-3.7%。在发展史，他们在远clades散布，它在分子的水平证实基因分叉。另外，词法数据显示C的那条细丝直径。linum样品是高度可变的，从90m到300m。然后这二种能被看作分开种类。

简介：Abinaural-loudness-model-basedmethodforevaluatingthespatialdiscriminationthresholdofmagnitudesofhead-relatedtransferfunction(HRTF)isproposed.Astheinputofthebinauralloudnessmodel,theHRTFmagnitudevariationscausedbyspatialpositionvariationswerefirstlycalculatedfromahigh-resolutionHRTFdataset.Then,threeperceptualrelevantparameters,namelyinterauralloudnessleveldifference,binauralloudnesslevelspectra,andtotalbinauralloudnesslevel,werederivedfromthebinauralloudnessmodel.Finally,thespatialdiscriminationthresholdsofHRTFmagnitudewereevaluatedaccordingtojust-noticedifferenceoftheabove-mentionedperceptual-relevantparameters.AseriesofpsychoacousticexperimentswasalsoconductedtoobtainthespatialdiscriminationthresholdofHRTFmagnitudes.Resultsindicatethatthethresholdderivedfromtheproposedbinaural-loudness-modelbasedmethodisconsistentwiththatobtainedfromthetraditionalpsychoacousticexperiment,validatingtheeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.

简介：Theneutronfluxmonitor(NFM),asasignificantdiagnosticsystemintheInternationalThermonuclearExperimentalReactor(ITER),willplayanimportantroleinthereadingsofaseriesofkeyparametersinthefusionreactionprocess.AsthecoreofthemainelectronicsystemoftheNFM,theneutron-gammapulseshapediscrimination(n-γPSD)candistinguishtheneutronpulsefromthegammapulseandotherdisturbingpulsesaccordingtothethresholdsoftherisingtimeandtheamplitudepre-installedontheboard,thedoubletimingpointCFDmethodisusedtogettherisingtimeofthepulse.Then-γPSDcanprovideanaccurateneutroncount.

简介：AninvivofluorescencediscriminationtechniqueforphytoplanktonpopulationwasdevelopedbyusingWaveletpackettransform,clusteranalysisandnon-negativeleastsquares.Thetechniquewasusedtoanalyzewatersamplesfromdifferentsearegions.Forsimulativemixtures,whendominantspeciesaccountfor60%,70%,80%,90%atthedivisionlevel,thecorrectdiscriminationratios(CDRs)are83.0%,99.1%,99.7%and99.9%withtherelativecontentsof58.5%,68.4%,77.7%and86.3%,respectively;whenthealgaedominanceare60%,70%,80%,90%,100%atthegenuslevel,theCDRsare86.1%,94.9%,95.2%,96.8%and96.7%,respectively.Forlaboratorymixtures,theCDRsare88.1%and78.4%atthedivisionandgenuslevel,respectively.Forfieldsamples,theCDRswere91.7%and80%atthedivisionandgenuslevel,respectively(mesocosmexperiments),andtheCDRswere100%and66.7%atthedivisionandgenuslevel,respectively(JiaozhouBay).ThefluorometrictechniquewasusedtoestimatethephytoplanktoncommunitycompositionandrelativeabundanceofdifferentclassesfortheApril2010cruiseintheYellowSeawiththeresultsagreeingwiththoseinpublishedpapersbyotherauthors.

简介：

简介：Discriminationsinalocalchemical,fluidal,mechanicalandthermalprocessesinashearzonewillleadtometallogenicdifferentiationinalocalsection.Thispaper,basedonthegeneralgeologicalsettingoftheShibangougolddepositinXixia,Henan,dealswithpetrologicalandpetrochemicalsamplesofalteredrocksinthemetallogenicsectionandofmylonitesinthenon-metallogenicsectionofaselectedshearzone.Thediscriminationsinfluid-rockinteractionandpetrologicalmassbalancebetweenalteredrocksneartheorebodyandmylonitesintheshearzonearediscussedaswell.Theresultsshowthatthepetrologicalvolumeofalteredrocksinthemetallogenicsectionoftheshearzoneisalmostalwaysdilatantandthemylonitevolumeinthenon-metallogenicsectionisalmostalwayslost.Majorelementsinalteredrocksfromthemetallogenicsectionandinmylonitesfromthenon-metallogenicsectionalwaysshowatendencyofbeingenrichedanddepleted,respectively.Fluid-rockratiosinthemylonites(Nu=93.68-468.40)arelargerthanthoseofthealteredrocks(NC(Ⅳ）^s=36.11-216.67).Thegainandlossofmajorandtraceelementsfromthealteredrocksandmylonitesintheshearzoneareacompositeprocesstobeimportedandexportedbypercolatingfluidsaswellasofthelossanddilatancyofrockvolume.

简介：在独居的parasitoids的Superparasitism导致在不成熟的parasitoids之间的致命的竞争，并且因而，仅仅一个个人能出现。在semisolitary能杀卵的parasitoidEchthrodelphaxfairchildii(Hymenoptera：Dryinidae)，2个成年人能与短间隔出现在superparasitism下面(<24h)在第一和第二ovipositions之间。我们在自我下面决定了女parasitoid的行为的回答--并且有≤2h的first-to-secondoviposition间隔的同种的superparasitism一回。自我--并且同种的superparasitizing频率增加了直到0.75h的oviposition间隔与比后者低的以前的留下，特别地为≤0.25h的oviposition间隔，建议self-/conspecific歧视的存在。为≥0.75h的oviposition间隔的superparasitizing频率plateaued，没有自我之间的差别--并且同种的superparasitism。能杀卵探查的频率没在自我下面不同--并且同种的superparasitism，并且通常是<20%。女性没为oviposition方面展出偏爱(即，方面与或没有第一个子孙上的ovipositing)并且为在自我下面的任何oviposition间隔的几乎总是生的女鸡蛋--并且同种的superparasitism。性比率没被能杀卵的探查的superparasitism，oviposition方面，或出现的类型影响。关于oviposition的这些观察结果站在一起，能杀卵的探查，并且性比率不同于获得的预言假设女性最佳地表现。为差异的可能的原因被讨论：可能的候选人包括选择oviposition方面并且能杀卵的探查的高费用，并且，为性比率，在superparasitism一回前遇到合适的主人的低频率。

简介：Objective:Totestforpre-attentiveauditorydiscriminationskillsinIndianclassicalvocalmusiciansandnon-musicians.Design:Mismatchnegativity(MMN)wasrecordedtotestforpre-attentiveauditorydiscriminationskillswithapairofstimuliof/1000Hz/and/1100Hz/,with/1000Hz/asthefrequentstimulusand/1100Hz/astheinfrequentstimulus.Onset,offsetandpeaklatenciesweretheconsideredlatencyparameters,whereaspeakamplitudeandareaunderthecurvewereconsideredforamplitudeanalysis.Studysample:Exactly50participants,outofwhichtheexperimentalgrouphad25adultIndianclassicalvocalmusiciansand25age-matchednon-musiciansservedasthecontrolgroup,wereincludedinthestudy.ExperimentalgroupparticipantshadaminimumprofessionalmusicexperienceinIndianclassicvocalmusicof10years.However,controlgroupparticipantsdidnothaveanyformaltraininginmusic.Results:Descriptivestatisticsshowedbetterwaveformmorphologyintheexperimentalgroupascomparedtothecontrol.MANOVAshowedsignificantlybetteronsetlatency,peakamplitudeandareaunderthecurveintheexperimentalgroupbutnosignificantdifferenceintheoffsetandpeaklatenciesbetweenthetwogroups.Conclusion:Thepresentstudyprobablypointstowardstheenhancementofpre-attentiveauditorydiscriminationskillsinIndianclassicalvocalmusicianscomparedtonon-musicians.ItindicatesthatIndianclassicalmusicaltrainingenhancespre-attentiveauditorydiscriminationskillsinmusicians,leadingtohigherpeakamplitudeandagreaterareaunderthecurvecomparedtonon-musicians.

简介：