简介:Thenaturalworldspentbillionsofyearsinsolution-findingduringevolution,whichcouldbenefitTechnology.Howdoweputthatinanutshell?Biologicalsystemsaremorecomplexthanthemostcomplexcurrenttechnology.Anygivenfunctionandeffectaresimultaneouslycoordinatedandlinkedwithothersatmanylevelsofbiologicalorganisation-fromcellorganelletoorganism,topopulationandecosystem.Technologydoesnothavetoolstodealwiththecomplexityand"goalintendedness"oflivingsystems.Butlimitsforinteractionexistonbothsides-Biologicalscienceitselfisalsotooempiricalandnotmatureenoughtoprovideasolidbaseforcorrelatinglivingwithtechnicalsystems.Movingtowardsasynthesis,whereengineerscanutilizethevastamountofavailablebiologicaldata,wesuggestusingatoolcalled"TheoryofInventiveProblemSolving"(TRIZ)andclarifyingsomeimportantmethodologicalissues,whichhavenotpreviouslybeenrecognisedinbionicengineering:1)Requirenentformoreappropriatedefinitionsof"system","effect","function","law"and"rule".2)Requirementforunderstandingorevenmeasuringthedegreeofcontradictionoranalogybetweenfunctionsinbiologicalandartificialand/ornon-livingengineeringsystem-thereisnosimpledirectcorrelationbetweenwhatengineersfindusefulandwhatbiologydoes.
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简介:长江三角洲(UA-YRD)上的城市的凝块在水,土地,生态的环境,地点和交通的方面有一些优点。依靠资源环境库和另外的优点,UA-YRD完成了大开发。基于索引系统和全面评估的模型,自从1978,纸计算UA-YRD的发展水平。从1978~2007,开发水平以0.0333的年度率逐年增加了的结果表演,和开发的进程能被划分成三个阶段,即低速度的开发舞台(19781991),快速的开发舞台(19912000),并且高速度的开发舞台(20002007)。速度分别地是0.0083,0.0356和0.0766。在30年的发展期间,外国经济活动在开发有最大的效果,由交通,工业经济活动和电信列在后面(有序)。另外,不同驱动力在不同阶段有不同效果。纸建议更多的注意应该对高速度的发展阶段和重要驱动力被给予驾驶它的发展。同时,资源和环境的限制不应该被忽视,长有效的机制需要被证实在UA发展,资源利用和环境保护之中支撑和谐开发。一些比较研究应该着急地被执行有效地支持并且支持UA的持续开发,特别向进化,驱动力和braking力量。
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简介:Theuseofoscillatingflexiblefinsinpropulsionhasbeenthesubjectofseveralstudiesinrecentyears,butattentionisrarelypaidtothespecificroleofstiffnessprofileinthrustproduction.Stiffnessprofileisdefinedasthevariationinlocalchordwisebendingstiffness(EI)ofafin,fromleadingtotrailingedge.Inthisstudy,flexiblefinswithastandardNACA0012shapeweretestedalongsidefinswithastiffnessprofilemimickingthatofaPumpkinseedSunfish(Lepomisgibbosus).Thefinswereoscillatedwithapitchingsinusoidalmotionoverarangeoffrequenciesandamplitudes,whiletorque,lateralforceandstaticthrustweremeasured.Overtherangeofoscillationparameterstested,itwasshownthatthefinwithabiomimeticstiffnessprofileofferedasignificantimprovementinstaticthrust,comparedtoafinofsimilardimensionswithastandardNACA0012aerofoilprofile.Thebiomimeticfinalsoproducedthrustmoreconsistentlyovereachoscillationcycle.Acomparisonoffinmaterialsofdifferentstiffnessshowedthattheimprovementwasduetothestiffnessprofileitself,andwasnotsimplyaneffectofalteringtheoverallstiffnessofthefin.Finsofthesamestiffnessprofilewereobservedtofollowthesamethrust-powercurve,independentofthestiffnessofthemouldingmaterial.Biomimeticfinswereshowntoproduceupto26%greaterthrustperwattofinputpower,withintheexperimentalrange.
简介:Inmedicallaboratoryanimals,thepigistheclosestspeciestohumaninevolution,exceptforprimates.Asananimalmodel,thepigishighlyconcernedbymanyscientists,includingcomparativebiology,developmentalbiology,medicalgenetics.Rodentsasanimalmodelforhumanhearingdefectshasarepoorproducibilityandreliability,duetodifferencesinanatomicalstructure,evolutionaryrateandmetabolicrate,butthesehappenstobetheadvantagesofthepigmodel.Inthispaper,wewillsummarizetheapplicationofminiaturepiginthestudyofhumanhereditarydeafness.
简介:ForChinaandLatinAmerica,the21thcenturyisacenturyinwhichgreatprogresscouldbeachieved.Astheeconomicglobalizationsweepsitswayacrosstheworld,interdependencybetweencountrieswillbeenhanced,andrelationsbetweenChinaandLatinAmericatendtobeevencloser.
简介:正AsanimportantparticipantinChina'speople-to-peoplediplomacy,theChineseAssociationforInternationalUnderstanding(CAFIU)hasbeenplayingapositiveroleinpromotingdialogueandexchangesbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld,particularlyinlettingtheworldunderstand
简介:Weproposetheuseofapowerpulseshapeofthewidelyknownopticalsoliton,correspondingtothehyperbolicsecantsquarefunction,forbothconventionalatmosphericopticalcommunicationsystemsand,especially,fornewfull-opticalwirelesscommunications.Weanalyzetheperformanceoftheproposedpulseintermsofpeak-to-averageopticalpowerratio(PAOPR)andbiterrorrate(BER).Duringtheanalysis,wecomparetheproposedpulseshapeagainstconventionalrectangularandGaussianpulseshapeswithreduceddutycycle.Resultsshowthenoticeablesuperiorityoftheproposedpulseforatmosphericopticallinks.
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简介:Existinglarge-scalepublicbuildingenergysavingrenovationistheinherentrequirementofsustainabledevelopment,ithasbeenprovedthatimplementingtheenergyperformancecontractingmodeintheExistinglargepublicbuildingsenergy-savingisaneffectivewaybothathomeandabroad.EPCmodehasobviouscharacteristicsfortheESCOandthecustomers,itcanmeetthebasicrequirementsoflargepublicbuildingsenergy-saving,suchasthewidthoffundingsources,programspecification,advancedtechnology,informationflowandmanagementlevelhigher,etc.Undertheconditionofmarketeconomy,italsoprovidesabroadplatformfortheESCOimplementsbuildingenergysavingtransformation,whichisconducivetotherealizationofthewin-wincooperationbetweentheparties,andtopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheexistinglargepublicbuildingenergysavingreconstruction.