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简介：In2005,significantrainfallreinforcementandseveredisasterwasinducedbytropicalcyclone(TC)TalimafteritmadelandfallontheeastofChina.Observationalanalysesshowthatithasrelationshipwithcoldairintrusion.Forinvestigatingtheimpactofcoldairintensity,wemakeuseofWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model,thesynthesizerofNCEP/NCARreanalysisdataandJapanregionalspectralmodeldata,tocarryoutnumericalexperiments.Resultsshowthatrainfallreinforcementoccursinallexperiments.Differentintensityofcoldaircanmodifytherainfalldistributionandintensitysignificantly.Intherainfallcenter,theincrementmaximumofrainfallistwiceaslargeasthatoftheminimum.Moderatecoldairintrusionmayresultinthestrongestrainfallreinforcement.Differentcoldairintensitycanleadtodifferentmotionoflow-levelconvergencelinesandfronts.Thereisagoodrelationshipbetweentherainfallregionandtheeasternpartofthefront.Ononehand,strongcoldairweakenstheTCintensitybyitsintrusionintotheTCcenterandresultsinweakconvergenceandaconvergentzoneandarainbandshiftedsouthward.Ontheotherhand,weakcoldairreducestheconvergenceandmovestheconvergentzoneandrainbandnorthward.Moderatecoldairintrusionmaintainsstronglow-levelconvergenceandhigh-leveldivergence,keepingstrongupwardmotionovercertainregions.Consequently,therainbandbeginstostagnateandrainfallreinforcesabruptlytherein.

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简介：Mileage-basedpricinginsurance,suchasPAYD,isknownasthe'greeninsurance'becauseitislow-carbonandenvironmentallyeffective,whichisthebiggestinnovationintheglobalautoinsuranceindustryseeninthepastdecade.Startingfromtheperspectiveofeconomicexternalities,vehiclenegativeexternalitiesinChinaaredescribed.Inordertointroducemileage-basedpricinginsurancetotheChineseinsuranceindustry,thispaperreviewsthecurrentpracticeofPAYDinsuranceanditsimpactsontransportexternalities,includingairpollution,climatechange,energydependency,congestion,accidents,andothers.Finally,enlightenmentandpolicysuggestionsareproposed,inthehopeofbetterpromotingthelow-carboneconomydevelopmentoverthewholeofChina.

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简介：Objective:Toanalyzethecorrelationsamongcomorbidityandoverallsurvival(OS),biochemicalprogression-freesurvival(b-PFS)andtoxicityinelderlypatientswithlocalizedprostatecancertreatedwith125Ibrachytherapy.Methods:Elderlymen,aged≥65years,withlow-intermediateriskprostatecancer,weretreatedwithpermanent125Ibrachytherapyasmonotherapy.Comorbiditydatawereobtainedfrommedicalreportsusingage-adjustedCharlsoncomorbidityindex(a-CCI).Thepatientswerecategorizedintotwoagegroups(<75and≥75yearsold),andtwocomorbidityscoregroups(a-CCI≤3and>3).ToxicitywasscoredwithRadiationTherapyOncologyGroup(RTOG)scale.Results:FromJune2003toOctober2009,atotalof92elderlypatientsunderwentprostatebrachytherapy,including57men(62%)withlow-riskprostatecancer,and35men(38%)withintermediate-riskprostatecancer.Themedianageofpatientswas75years(range,65-87years).Forty-sevenpatients(51%)hada-CCI≤3and45patients(49%)a-CCI>3.Withamedianfollow-upperiodof56months(range,24-103months),the5-yearactuarialOSandb-PFSwere91.3%and92.4%respectively,withoutstatisticalsignificancebetweentwoCharlsonscoregroups.Toxicitywasmild.Noneofthepatientsexperiencedgastrointestinal(GI)toxicity,andonly4patiens(4%)experiencedlategenitourinary(GU)grade-3(G3)toxicity.NocorrelationbetweenacuteGUandGItoxicityandcomorbiditywasshowed(P=0.50andP=0.70,respectively).Conclusions:Ourdatasuggestthatelderlymenwithlow-intermediateriskprostatecancerandcomorbiditycanbeconsideredforaradicaltreatmentas125Ilow-doseratebrachytherapy.

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简介：InAugust2011,theSangzhiCountygovernment,HunanProvince,adoptedaseriesofnewhealthcarepoliciesasanationalpilotoftheNewCooperativeMedicalScheme(referredtoas2011NCMS).Thesepoliciesweredesignedtofurtherresolveillness-ledpovertyandthepoorstateofhealthcareinthelocalarea.TheprogramhadapositiveimpactandspreadtootherregionsinHunanProvince.Thispaperwilldiscusstheprogressmadeasaresultofthepoliciesandseveralissuesthatchallengetheschemeinpractice.Atotalsampleof1212individualsand303householdswereincludedintheanalysis,and98interviewswereconductedwithpeoplerelatedtothescheme.Ourmajorfindingsindicatethatthe201!NCMShassignificantlyreducedtheout-of-pocketmedicalpaymentofruralresidents,andalsoincreasedthetownshiphospitals’patientflow.However,themedicalschemestillfacesmanychallengingissuesduringtheimplementation.WiththeincreasinginterestamongtheChinesepolicymakersinstrengtheningandpromotingtheSangzhiModel,theimpactsoftheschemedeservegreaterattentioninpracticesoastofurtherimproveNCMSinruralChina.

简介：Thisletterpresentsatheoreticalmodelofthenormal(head-on)collisionsbetweentwosoftspheresforpredictingtheexperimentalcharacteristicofthecoefficientofrestitutiondependentonimpactvelocity.Afterthecontactforcelawbetweenthecontactedspheresduringacollisionisphenomenologicallyformulatedintermsofthecompressionoroverlapdisplacementunderconsiderationofanelastic-plasticloadingandaplasticunloadingsubprocesses,thecoefficientofrestitutionisgainedbythedynamicequationofthecontactprocessonceaninitialimpactvelocityisinput.Itisfoundthatthetheoreticalpredictionsofthecoefficientofrestitutionvaryingwiththeimpactvelocityarewellinagreementwiththeexistingexperimentalcharacteristicswhicharefittedbytheexplicitformula.

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简介：植物演变并且对损坏由传染病原体和食草的昆虫强加了的还原剂多样化。在一种坐着的生活方式的生活，植物常常正在适应他们的环境。他们采用各种各样的策略增加性能和健康。因此，植物开发了划算的策略对特定的昆虫和病原体保卫。然而，植物防卫在昆虫和病原体上强加选择压力。这个选择压力提供刺激让病原体和昆虫多样化并且开发策略相反种防卫。这在植物，病原体和昆虫之中导致进化军备竞赛。在这些有机体之中的千变万化改编和生理的改变使学习plantvectorpathogen相互作用成为一个挑战性、迷人的领域。学习植物防卫和植物保护各在有机体和适应策略之中要求关系的知识有机体利用。因此，这评论集中于plantvectorpathogen相互作用的不可分的部分以便理解影响的因素种防卫和疾病开发。评论地址plantvectorpathogen合作进化，植物防卫策略，植物防卫的特性和plantvectorpathogen相互作用。改进这些因素的理解将在害虫和疾病管理为未来研究提供一个多维的观点。

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简介：全部的水银(THg)和甲基水银(MeHg)的集中为沿着福建省和东方广东省的沿海的线收集的32表面沉积被决定。THg和MeHg和他们的环境影响因素的空间分布被调查。在沉积的THg和MeHg的平均集中分别地是31.5ng/g和0.096ng/g。沉积THg和MeHg集中在Minjiang河口和Quanzhou和Putian的沿海的区域显示出相对高的价值。当到海岸线的距离增加了，集中总的来说减少了。在环境影响因素和THg之中的关联，MeHg被分析。沉积THg集中高度被相关到有机物，铜，全部的氮(TN)和全部的磷(TP)的集中，并且显著地相关到底部海水的pH价值和沉积硫化物的集中。沉积MeHg集中高度被相关到有机物和铜的集中，并且重要相关到硫化物，TN，TP和底部海水的pH价值的集中。

简介：Contact-impactprocessesoccuratmostcasesinmultibodysystems.Sub-periodsandsub-regionalmethodsarefrequentlyusedrecently,anddifferentcoordinatesareintroducedinbothoftheapproaches.However,thesub-regionalmethodseemstobemoreeffective.Floatingframeofreferenceformulationiswidelyusedforcontacttreatment,whichdescribesdisplacementsbytherigidbodymotionandasmallsuperposeddeformation,andthecoordinatesdepictingthedeformationincludefiniteelementnodalcoordinatesandmodalcoordinates,theformerdealswiththecontact/impactregion,andthelaterdescribesthenon-contactregion.Inthispaper,freeinterfacesubstructuremethodisusedinmodeling,andthedynamicequationofasinglebodyisderived.Then,usingtheLagrangeequationofthefirstkind,thedynamicequationsofmultibodysystemsareestablished.Furthermore,contact-impactareasaretreatedthroughadditionalconstraintequationsandLagrangemultipliers.Usingsuchapproach,thenumberofsystemcoordinatesandthedimensionsofmassmatrixaresignificantlyreducedwiththemodaltruncation,thereforebothoftheefficiencyandaccuracyareguaranteed.Finiteelementmethodinthelocalcontactregioncandealwithcontact/impactbetweenarbitrarilycomplexinterfaces,whereas,additionalcontactconstraintsusedinthenodaldescriptionregioncanavoidthecustomizedparametersthatareusedinthecontinuousforcemodel.

简介：TheU.S.'newly-reinforcedAsia-Pacificalliancehasturnedouttobeanimportantfactorinfluencingtheregionallandscapeandbigpowerrelations.Historically,theclosepoliticalandmilitarycooperationbetweentheU.S.anditsallieswasoneofthefactorsthathelpeditwintheColdWar.AftertheendoftheColdWar

简介：从在在一架研究飞机上的situ探针和一架垂直地指的公里波浪Doppler雷达的数据被用来学习冷季节的山论的云播种的glaciogenic的云microphysical效果。以前的研究(Geerts等，2010)证明了雷达反射率趋于在在基于地面的银碘化物(AgI)顺风的地面上面在浅层播种时期期间更高原子核发电机。这发现基于七架班机，在怀俄明(美国)在一座山上进行了，有一个不播种的时期的各个由一个播种时期列在后面。为了估计这，影响，地理上固定的飞行磁道在一座目标山上被飞，AgI生成器迎风、顺风。这篇论文为播种影响的云的进一步的证据从一样的班机检验数据。低级反射率增加是山冠迎风、云底交叉的点顺风的定义的最好的合成雷达数据表演地面。这增加能被归因于播种的AgI的主要争论是它在流动是狂暴的地面附近被限制到浅层。当云是到飞行的积云状、协调的updrafts时，然而，在二架班机期间，水平被雷达记录，播种影响作为所有尺寸箱的冰水晶集中的重要增加在飞行级的updrafts(在山峰上面的大约610m)是明显的。因为它不是明显的，播种效果显得短命冠就顺风。

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