简介:测钎法具有布设简单、实施灵活、选材方便、成本低廉的优点,在土壤侵蚀监测,特别是生产建设项目土壤侵蚀监测工作中应用广泛,但在实际使用中具有局限性。根据测纤法可测量的精度及其测定原理,从理论上推算适用测钎法的土壤侵蚀模数最低阈值,对提高土壤侵蚀监测精度具有现实意义。结果表明:使用测纤法进行土壤侵蚀监测,月度、季度和年度的监测值可适用的土壤侵蚀模数最低阈值分别为1452、484和121t/(km~2·a),低于该阈值,监测数据精度不能保证。根据研究结果,建议在土壤侵蚀监测中,土壤侵蚀强度低于此阈值的地区或时段,宜采用其他监测方法,以确保土壤侵蚀监测结果的精确性。
简介:Fivehumicfractionswereobtainedfromauniformly^15N-labelledsoilbyextractionwith0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7,0.1molL^-1NaOH,andHF/HCl-0.1molL^-1NaOH,consecutively,andanalyzedby^13Cand^15NCPMASNMR(crosspolarizationandmagicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonace).Comparedwiththoseofnativesoilshumicfractionsstudiedasawholecontainedmorealkyls,methoxylsandO-alkyls,being27%-36%,17%-21%and36%-40%,respectively,butfeweraromaticsandcarboxyls(bein14%-20%and13%-90%,respectively),Amongthosehumicfractions,thehumicacid(HA)andfulvicacid(FA)extractedby0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7containedslightlymorecarboxylsthancorrespondinghumicfractionsextractedby0.1molL^-1NaOH,andtheHAextactedby0.1molL^-1NaOHaftertreatmentwithHF/HClcontainedtheleastaromaticsandcarboxyls.Thedistributionofnitrogenfunctionalgroupsofsoilhumicfractionsstudiedwasquitesimilartoeachotherandalsoquitesimilartothatofhumicfractionfromnativesoils.Morethan75%oftotalNineachfractionwasinamidefrom,with9%-13%presentasaromaticand/oraliphaticaminesandtheremainderasheerocyclicN.