简介：TheemergenceofZhangHeng’sseismoscopehasaprofoundhistoricalbackground.ThispaperintendstoexploretheformationandmaterialbasisofZhangHeng’sscientificthought.Itappearsthatthesimpleintentionof"observingvisionsanddistinguishinggoodfortuneormisfortune"washismotivationtodeveloptheseismoscope.Tracingitshistoricalbackground,theauthorsproposedinthispaperthatthedevelopmentofthisseismoscopestartedaround128A.D.,andbasedonperceptualknowledge,twoideasaboutearthquakescameintobeing,i.e.,earthquakelocationcouldbejudgedaccordingtotheinstrumentshakingdirection,andtheearthquakeandearthsplitwereessentiallydifferent.Intheinstrumentmanufacture,ZhangHengadvocatedaprincipleof"makingutensilstoimitatecosmos".Bythisprinciple,thefollowingthreeproblemswerereadilysolved:theseismoscopeimitatedtheresponseofthesuspensionsystemtoearthquakes(i.e.naturalseismoscope).Technically,thetriggermechanismofthelatchwasusedforreference,anditrecordedthephysicalevidenceofearthquakeoccurrencebyaningeniouswayofaballdroppingfromadragon’smouth.Thesolutionofthesethreekeyproblemsleadtotheemergenceoftheseismoscopein132A.D.andthesuccessfuldetectionofanearthquakein134A.D.Hisinventiondeepenedhumanity’sknowledgeofnaturallaws,andpromotedthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthattimeandlater.

简介：Fifty-sevenstations(48gridstationsandninestratifiedstations)weresampledacrossthestudyregion(67.000°–88.394°N,152.500°–178.643°W)duringthe4thChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition(CHINARE4)fromJulytoAugust2010bytheicebreakerR/VXuelong.Atotalof24speciesofHydromedusaewereidentifiedfrom130zooplanktonsamples,ofwhichsevenspeciesbelongedtoAutomedusa,eightspeciestoAnthomedusae,fourspeciestoLeptomedudae,andthreespeciestoSiphonophora.CatablemamulticirratumKishinouye,1910,BougainvilliabitentaculataUchida,1925,andEuphysajaponica(Maas,1909)wererecordedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea.Inthepresentpaper,18speciesofHydromedusaeweredescribedandillustrated,ofwhichthreespeciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea,and15speciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeinChina.

简介：HistoricaldataregardingZhangHeng'sseismoscopeisnotsingularproof.Actually,thefourearliesthistoricaldocuments,i.e.,ContinuationofHistoriographyofHanDynasty,HistoriographyoftheLaterHan,BookoftheLaterHanandDingRecordallhaverelevantrecordsofitsstructure,size,principle,responsetoearthquakeandactualapplications.Thesefiveaspectsaresupportedbyarchaeologicalresearch,unearthedculturalrelics,historicalearthquakesandmodernseismologicalstudy.Thesehistoricalmaterialscontainagreatdealofspecificinformationaboutthisancientseismoscope.Inconclusion,theauthenticityandreliabilityofZhangHeng'sseismoscopeareverified.

简介：EstimationofThomsen＇sanisotropicparametersisveryimportantforaccuratetime-to-depthconversionanddepthmigrationdataprocessing.Comparedwithothermethods,itismucheasierandmorereliabletoestimateanisotropicparametersthatarerequiredforsurfaceseismicdepthimagingfromverticalseismicprofile（VSP）data,becausethefirstarrivalsofVSPdatacanbepickedwithmuchhigheraccuracy.Inthisstudy,wedevelopedamethodforestimatingThomsen＇sP-waveanisotropicparametersinVTImediausingthefirstarrivalsfromwalkawayVSPdata.Modelfirst-arrivaltraveltimesarecalculatedonthebasisofthenear-offsetnormalmoveoutcorrectionvelocityinVTImediaandraytracingusingThomsen＇sP-wavevelocityapproximation.Then,theanisotropicparameters0andearedeterminedbyminimizingthedifferencebetweenthecalculatedandobservedtraveltimesforthenearandfaroffsets.Numericalforwardmodeling,usingtheproposedmethodindicatesthaterrorsbetweentheestimatedandmeasuredanisotropicparametersaresmall.Usingfielddatafromaneight-azimuthwalkawayVSPinTarimBasin,weestimatedtheparameters0andeandbuiltananisotropicdepth-velocitymodelforprestackdepthmigrationprocessingofsurface3Dseismicdata.Theresultsshowimprovementinimagingthecarbonatereservoirsandminimizingthedeptherrorsofthegeologicaltargets.

简介：孔间电磁波CT技术是工程勘探中的一种常用方法，利用孔间层析成像进行探测，其成果清晰、直观，较好地展现了孔间介质电磁波吸收情况，清楚地显示出地下不同地质体的空间分布。北京普安店地区存在岩溶塌陷，前期进行了大量的钻孔勘探，利用钻孔进行孔间电磁波CT扫描，探测钻孔之间溶洞的分布情况，填补了钻孔之间溶洞展布情况的空白，并对溶洞的充填情况进行解释。该技术提供的数据准确可靠，信息丰富，为后期岩溶地区的稳定性评价及工程处理提供了科学依据和基础数据。

简介：Thegrowth,biochemicalcontentandbioaccumulationquantityof2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenylether(BDE-47)inSkeletonemacostatumwerestudiedunderdifferentN:Pratios(1,4,16,64and128).AllcellularbiochemicalcontentsofS.costatumpresenteddecreasingtrendovercultivationtime.Atearlystageofcultivation,thecellularprotein,carbohydrateandlipidinS.costatumpresentedhighervaluesintreatmentsofN:P=4and16.However,theywerelowerinthesetreatmentsatthelatestage,buthigherintreatmentsN:P=1and128.Similarly,BDE-47levelspercellofS.costatumwerehigherintreatmentsofN:P=4and16atearlystageofcultivation,whichwere3.8and3.7ng(106cells)-1,respectively.Atthemiddlestageofcultivation,theBDE-47levelperS.costatumcelllowered;anditfurtherreducedinthetreatmentsofN:P=4and16atthelatestagewiththevalues0.6and0.5ng(106cells)-1,respectively.However,itroseinN:P=128,reachingupto2.3ng(106cells)-1.ComparedwithBDE-47percell,BDE-47peralgalvolumeunderdifferentN:Pratiosdidnotpresentobviousdifference.ThequantityBDE-47accumulatedpercellofS.costatumwaspositivelycorrelatedwithprotein,carbohydrateandlipidpercell;meanwhile,theBDE-47pervolumehadapositivecorrelationwithbiochemicalcontentpervolume.ThevariationofbioaccumulationabilityofBDE-47inS.costatumcanbeexplainedbybiochemicalchangesduetoN:Pratios.

简介：摘要随着微机的硬件，软件的跨越式发展，"3s"技术作为一项新技术手段，结合抽样技术、数学方法、计算机网络技术、通讯技术和数据库技术，使森林资源管理与信息技术紧密相结合，在现代化林业建设中建立森林资源动态监测体系、森林资产价值评估系统、森林生态环境监测与管理系统等方面，发挥重要作用，使林业走上现代化高速发展的道路。

简介：Thepost-earthquakerapidaccurateassessmentofmacroinfluenceofseismicgroundmotionisofsignificanceforearthquakeemergencyrelief,post-earthquakereconstructionandscientificresearch.TheseismicintensitydistributionmapreleasedbytheLushanearthquakefieldteamoftheChinaEarthquakeAdministration(CEA)fivedaysafterthestrongearthquake(M7.0)occurredinLushanCountyofSichuanYa’anCityat8:02onApril20,2013providesascientificbasisforemergencyrelief,economiclossassessmentandpost-earthquakereconstruction.Inthispaper,themeansforblindestimationofmacroscopicintensity,fieldestimationofmacrointensity,andreviewofintensity,aswellascorrespondingproblemsarediscussedindetail,andtheintensitydistributioncharacteristicsoftheLushan'4.20'M7.0earthquakeanditsinfluentialfactorsareanalyzed,providingareferenceforfutureseismicintensityassessments.

简介：Inthispaper,weadopttheobservationdataoftwo10HzYRY4-componentboreholestrainmetersandone100HzFBS-3BbroadbandseismometertostudytheresponsesoftheirobservationstotheApril11,2012MW8.6earthquakeoffthewestcoastofnorthernSumatra,andcomparetheresponsecharacteristicsduringthecoseismicstageafterpreprocessingofthedata.Weanalyzethespectrum’sdynamicprocessduringthecoseismicstagewiththeStransformationmethod,anddiscussthespectrum’sdetailsindifferentseismicphases.TheStransformationresultsofthedataofseismometerandboreholestrainmeteratthesamestationshowthatthecoseismicspectrumevolutionofthetwokindsofobservationaresimilartoeachotherandcanbecross-referencedinindentifyingthewavesignals,whichprovesthattheboreholestrainmetermeasurementsathighfrequenciesarereliable.

简介：Ingeneral,earthquakecyclerelatedtoearthquakefaultingcouldincludefourmajorprocesseswhichcouldbedescribedby(1)faultlocking,(2)self-accelerationornucleation(possibleforeshocks),(3)coseismicslip,and(4)post-stressrelaxationandafterslip.Asuddenstaticstresschange/perturbationinthesurroundingcrustcanadvance/delaythefaultinstabilityorfailuretimeandmodifyearthquakerates.Basedonasimpleone-dimensionalspring-sliderblockmodelwiththecombinationofrate-and-statedependentfrictionrelation,inthisstudy,wehaveapproximatelyderivedthesimpleanalyticalsolutionsofclockadvance/delayoffaultfailurescausedbyasuddenstaticCoulombstresschangeappliedinthedifferenttemporalevolutionperiodsduringanearthquakefaulting.Theresultshavebeenusedinthephysics-basedexplanationofdelayedcharacteristicearthquakeinParkfieldregion,California,inwhichthenextcharacteristicearthquakeofM6.0after1966occurredin2004insteadofaround1988accordingtoitscharacteristicreturnperiodof22years.Atthesametime,theanalyticalsolutionsalsoindicatethatthetimeadvance/delayinCoulombstresschangederivedbythedislocationmodelhasacertainlimitationandfundamentalflaw.Furthermore,wediscussedtheessentialdifferencebetweenrate-andstate-variableconstitutive(R–S)modelandCoulombstressmodelusedcommonlyincurrentearthquaketriggeringstudy,anddemonstratedthat,infact,theCoulombstressmodelcouldbeinvolvedintheR–Smodel.Theresults,wehaveobtainedinthisstudy,couldbeusedinthedevelopmentoftime-dependentfaultinteractionmodelandtheprobabilitycalculationrelatedtothetime-dependentandrenewalearthquakepredictionmodel.

简介：摘要国内交通运输企业伴随经济的发展也得到巨大改变。为适应新的行业发展形势，交通部制定了道路运输企业经营资质评定管理办法。结合笔者的实践经验，文章首先阐述了汽车运输生产经营的特点，探讨分析了当前城市交通面临的主要问题和原因，提出了加强汽车运输管理的措施建议，以供参考。

简介：摘要JX-4C在以经济、快捷的方式生产高精度的数字高程模型高质量的数字正射影像图等4D产品方面具有重要意义。本文分析了JX-4C在航测内业成图中的优势与缺陷，介绍了基于JX-4C制作DEM与DOM的方法，并以实例探讨了谈JX-4C在航测内业成图中的应用。

简介：摘要富源信德矿区上部地层结构松散、破碎、钻孔坍塌严重。而且存在少量石灰岩，灰岩裂隙大，漏水严重。而设计的钻孔深度大。给施工带来很大困难，通过采取多级钻孔结构，并在钻进参数，冲洗液、钻头扩孔器上的合理应用，解决了施工难题，顺利完成了1204米深ZK502#钻孔。

简介：<正>Theworldpetroleumexplorationsuggeststhat,about70%oftheworld’spotashresourceswerediscoveredduringoilandgasexploration(Zhengetal.,2007).TheKuqadepressionintheTarimbasinisabundantwithpetroleumexplorationdata,and

简介：利用NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,对比分析了陕西省4次台风远距离暴雨过程期间的水汽输送、水汽收支和水汽含量特征。结果表明：远距离台风用直接和间接2种方式影响热带低纬地区水汽向陕西方向的输送,中高纬度地区西风槽与高压系统直接参与暴雨区附近水汽的输送与再分配过程。远距离台风出现时,暴雨区南边界始终存在水汽的输入,占净输入的68%,西边界多为水汽的输出方,东边界上水汽收支变化趋势与台风移动路径密切相关。川东地区西南涡维持、发展并向东北向移动时,陕西水汽总收支成倍增大。台风远距离暴雨出现前12h左右,暴雨中心低层比湿出现极大值,对应的风场辐合中心一般出现在比湿增加之后。

简介：TheresistivityexperimentalmeasurementsofcoresamplesdrilledfromlowpermeabilityreservoirsofOrdosBasin,NorthwestChina,illustratethatthecementationfactorsarenotagminate,butvaryfrom1.335to1.749.Thisleadstoachallengefortheestimationofwaterandhydrocarbonsaturation.BasedontheanalysisofPurcellequationandassumptionthatrockresistivityisdeterminedbytheparallelconnectionofnumerouscapillaryresistances,atheoreticalexpressionofcementationfactorintermsofporosityandpermeabilityisestablished.Then,cementationfactorcanbecalculatediftheparametersofporosityandpermeabilityaredetermined.Inthefieldapplication,porositycanbeeasilyobtainedbyconventionallogs.However,itisatoughchallengetoestimatepermeabilityduetothestrongheterogeneityoflowpermeabilityreservoirs.Thus,theSchlumbergerDollResearch(SDR)modelderivedfromNMRlogshasbeenproposedtoestimatepermeability.BasedontheanalysisofthetheoreticalexpressionsofcementationfactorandSDRmodel,anovelcementationfactorpredictionmodel,whichisrelevanttoporosityandlogarithmicmeanofNMRT2spectrum(T2lm),isderived.TheadvantageofthismodelisthatalltheinputinformationcanbeacquiredfromNMRlogsaccurately.Inordertoconfirmthecredibilityofthenovelmodel,theresistivityandcorrespondinglaboratoryNMRmeasurementsof27coresamplesareconducted.Thecredibilityofthemodelisconfirmedbycomparingthepredictedcementationfactorswiththecoreanalyzedresults.Theabsoluteerrorsforallcoresamplesarelowerthan0.071.Oncethismodelisextendedtofieldapplication,theaccuracyofwaterandhydrocarbonsaturationestimationwillbesignificantlyimproved.

简介：<正>1IntroductionVirusesarethemostabundantbiologicalentitiesonEarth.Theycaninfluencethesuccessionofindividualmicrobialpopulations,biogeochemicalcyclesofC/Nand,ultimately,microbialcommunitystructurethroughkilling

简介：利用2000年和2010年遥感影像，分析了四川省隆昌县10a间土地利用/覆被变化情况，并进行驱动力分析。研究表明，2000~2010年，耕地（包括水田和旱地）、水域、未利用地面积减少，林地、城镇、交通用地面积增加。分析表明，隆昌县土地利用/覆被变化的驱动力主要有人口因素、社会经济因素、城市化因素、政策导向，各因素间相互影响和制约。

简介：选取福建省三明市米槠次生林内的4种植物，即米槠（CAC），木荷（SCS），山杜英（ELS），芒萁（DID）为研究对象，对其叶片进行了室内淋溶处理，并分析了淋溶液中的可溶性有机碳（DOC）和可溶性有机氮（DON）含量及pH值，芳香性指标（AI）和荧光效率指数（Fef）等，以揭示其淋溶液中可溶性有机质（DOM）的数量和质量特征。结果表明：4种植物叶片DOM含量总体随淋溶次数的增加逐渐减小，其中首次淋溶后淋溶液中的DOC和DON含量最大，分别占总淋溶量的平均值为67.90％和44.51％；淋溶液中前3次DOC和DON淋溶量总和分别占10次淋溶总量的87.40％～94.77％和68.46％～72.49％；且前3次淋溶次数间呈极显著差异（P＜0.01），其后差异性不显著。DOM的pH值和光谱指标随着淋溶次数的增加逐渐上升．总体上乔木树种DOM的数量和质量比林下植被要高，这是由于乔木树种的DOM含有更多的养分和芳香类和腐殖化的高分子量化合物，而林下植被的DOM含有较多低分子量化合物和易分解组分。

简介：摘要BT(Build-Transfer，建设-移交)作为一种新型融资建设模式，近年来在我国一些工程建设项目中正逐步得到发展应用。设计管理作为BT模式下管理的重要组成部分，直接影响BT项目的投资控制及项目实施效果。本文以成都地铁4号线二期BT项目为依托，对设计管理在BT项目实施中的重要性、管理的目标、组织架构、实施等方面进行了分析和思考。