简介:<正>Thishighlightarticlefocusesontheeffectsofdifferenttypesofexerciseonthepreventionandtreatmentoftype2diabetesandonfuturechallengesindevelopingeffectivepreventivestrategies.1.CurrentprevalenceofdiabetesinChinaCardiovasculardiseaseshavebecometheleadingcauseofdeathinChina.DiabetesisamajorriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseasesandtherapidchangeinlifestyleisthemainreasonfortheincreasedriskforcardiovasculardiseasesinChina.TheChina
简介:Diabetesisaleadingchronicdiseaseofchildhoodandadolescence.Inadditiontothewell-knownauto-immune,insulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus(type1diabetes(T1D)),thepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheemergenceoftype2diabetes(T2D)inchildrenandadolescents,whichpreviouslywasonlyseeninmiddle-agedorolderadults.Oneofthekeycomponentsofdiabetesmanagementisphysicalactivity(PA).ThebeneficialeffectsofincreasedPAanddecreasedsedentarybehaviorareextremelyimportantinyouthwithdiabetesbecauseofthemarkedlyincreasedlong-termriskofcardiovasculardiseaseinthispopulationcomparedtopersonswithoutdiabetes.Thisreviewaimstocomprehensivelysummarizetheepidemiologic,observationalresearchpublishedandlistedinPubMedbetween1970and2012onPAandsedentarybehaviors,aswellasphysicalfitnessinchildrenandadolescentswithTIDandT2D.Additionally,wedescribebrieflythestateofknowledgeonperceivedbarriersofPAinpersonswithdiabetes,withafocusonhypoglycemia.Finally,weprovideanoverviewoftheepidemiologicalliteraturepertainingtohealthbenefitsofincreasedPAinyouthwithTIDandT2Dandbrieflydiscussthetopicofexercise-relatedhypoglycemia.
简介:Validityandreliability,aswealllearnedinourfirstresearchmethodsclass,aretwoofthemostimportantqualitiesofanytest,measurementorassessment.Whencomparedwithvalidity,reliabilityisactuallymoreimportantsincewithoutit,therewouldbenovalidity.Sincereliabilityissoimportant,almostallresearchjournalstodayhavesomearticlesrelatedtoreliability.Unfortunately,manyofthesearticlesfailtoreport
简介:Purpose:Toobservetherelativechangeinfoot-strikepattern,pressurecharacteristics,surfaceelectromyography(sEMG)recordings,andstridecharacteristicsinforefootstrikerunnerswearingbothminimalistandtraditionalshoesduringa50-kmrun.Methods:Fourexperiencedminimalistrunnerswereenrolledinthisstudy.Eachrunnerrana50-kmsimulatedruninbothminimalistshoesandtraditionalshoes.Pressuredata,sEMGrecordings,andlimited3Dmotioncapturedatawerecollectedduringtheinitial0.8kmandfinal0.8kmforeachtrial.Results:Threerunnersinthetraditionalshoetypeconditionandonerunnerintheminimalistshoetypeconditiondemonstratedamoreposteriorinitialcontactarea(midfootstrike(MFS)pattern)afterthe50-kmrun.whichwassupportedbyincreasedactivityofthetibialisanteriorinthepre-contaetphase(asperrootmeansquare(RMS)values).Inaddition,inbothpre-andpost-runconditions,therewereincreasedpeakpressuresintheminimalistshoetype,specificallyinthemedialforefoot.Musclefatigueasdefinedbyadecreasedmedianfrequencyobservedinisometric,constantforcecontractionsdidnotcorrespondwithourhypothesisinrelationtotheobservedfootstrikechangepattern.Finally,steprateincreasedandsteplengthdecreasedafterthe50-kmruninbothshoetypeconditions.Conclusion:Morerunnersadoptedamoreposteriorinitialcontactareaafterthe50-kmruninthetraditionalshoetypethanintheminimalistshoetype.Therunnerswhoadoptedamoreposteriorinitialcontactareaweremorecloselyassociatedwithanincreasedmedianfrequencyofthemedialgastrocnemius,whichsuggeststheremaybeachangeinmotorunitrecruitmentpatternduringlong-distance,sustainedvelocityrunning.Theincreasedpeakpressuresobservedinthemedialforefootintheminimalistshoetypemaypredisposetometatarsalstressfracturesinthesettingofimpropertraining.
简介:Purpose:Thisstudyexaminedvariationinfootstriketypes,lowerextremitykinematics,andarchheightandstiffnessamongTarahumaraIndiansfromtheSierraTarahumara.Mexico.Methods:Highspeedvideowasusedtostudythekinematicsof23individuals.13whohabituallyweartraditionalminimalrunningsandals(huaraches).and10whohabituallywearmodern,conventionalrunningshoeswithelevated,cushionedheelsandarchsupport.Measurementsoffootshapeandarchstiffnessweretakenontheseindividualsplusanadditionalsampleof12individuals.Results:MinimallyshodTarahumaraexhibitmuchvariationwith40%primarilyusingmidfootstrikes,30%primarilyusingforefootstrikes,and30%primarilyusingrearfootstrikes.Incontrast,75%oftheconventionallyshodTarahumaraprimarilyusedrearfootstrikes,and25%primarilyusedmidfootstrikes.Individualswhousedforefootormidfootstrikeslandedwithsignificantlymoreplantarflexedankles,flexedknees,andflexedhipsthanrunnerswhousedrearfootstrikes.FootmeasurementsindicatethatconventionallyshodTarahumaraalsohavesignificantlylessstiffarchesthanthosewearingminimalshoes.Conclusion:Thesedatareinforceearlierstudiesthatthereisvariationamongfootstrikepatternsamongminimallyshodrunners,butalsosupportthehypothesisthatfootstiffnessandimportantaspectsofrunningform,includingfootstrike,differbetweenrunnerswhogrowupusingminimalversusmodem,conventionalfootwear.