Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, physical fitness, and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes： A review of the epidemiologic literature

Diabetesisaleadingchronicdiseaseofchildhoodandadolescence.Inadditiontothewell-knownauto-immune,insulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus(type1diabetes(T1D)),thepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheemergenceoftype2diabetes(T2D)inchildrenandadolescents,whichpreviouslywasonlyseeninmiddle-agedorolderadults.Oneofthekeycomponentsofdiabetesmanagementisphysicalactivity(PA).ThebeneficialeffectsofincreasedPAanddecreasedsedentarybehaviorareextremelyimportantinyouthwithdiabetesbecauseofthemarkedlyincreasedlong-termriskofcardiovasculardiseaseinthispopulationcomparedtopersonswithoutdiabetes.Thisreviewaimstocomprehensivelysummarizetheepidemiologic,observationalresearchpublishedandlistedinPubMedbetween1970and2012onPAandsedentarybehaviors,aswellasphysicalfitnessinchildrenandadolescentswithTIDandT2D.Additionally,wedescribebrieflythestateofknowledgeonperceivedbarriersofPAinpersonswithdiabetes,withafocusonhypoglycemia.Finally,weprovideanoverviewoftheepidemiologicalliteraturepertainingtohealthbenefitsofincreasedPAinyouthwithTIDandT2Dandbrieflydiscussthetopicofexercise-relatedhypoglycemia.