简介:Performanceenhancementisconsideredanessentialpartofsport.1However,intheworldofcompetitiveandhigh-performancesports,thereisincreasingevidenceofahighprevalenceofperformance-enhancingdrugabuse.2-4Theuseofdrugsthatis,bannedsubstances-hasbecomeaseriousproblemwithsignificantsocial,ethical,policy,andpersonalconsequences,5-7andconsequentlycompromisestheintegrityofsportsandsportsmanshipatalllevelsofcompetition,aswellasthehealthandwell-beingofindividualathletesandpublichealthingeneral.