简介：Sincethe1960's,hundredsofarticleshavebeenpublishedontheeffectsofexerciseoncognitionandmorerecentlyonexecutivefunctions.Alargevarietyofeffectshavebeenobserved:acuteorlong-lasting,facilitatingordebilitating.Severaltheoreticalframeworkshavebeenproposedtoexplaintheseeffectswithplausiblemechanisms.However,asyetnoneofthesemodelshassucceededinunifyingalltheobservationsinasingleframeworkthatsubsumesalleffects.Theaimofthepresentreviewistorevisitthestrengthmodelofself-controlinitiatedbyBaumeisterandhiscolleaguesinthe1990'sinordertoextenditsassumptionstoexercisepsychology.Thismodelprovidesaheuristicframeworkthatcanexplainandpredicttheeffectsofacuteandchronicexerciseoneffortfultaskstappingself-regulationorexecutivefunctions.Areconsiderationofexerciseasaself-controltaskresultsfromthisperspective.Anewavenueforfutureresearchisdelineatedbesidesmoretraditionalapproaches.
简介：ThisissueofJournalofSportandHealthSciencecontainsapoint-counterpointdiscussionofhamstringinjuriesinsprintrunningbythegroupsofDrs.LiuandYu.~(1–4)Theyproposedifferentmechanismsofmuscleinjuriesingeneral,andhamstringinjuriesinsprintrunningspecifically.Yuetal.2,4presentevidencesuggestingthathamstringinjuriesareprimarilycausedbyexcessivemusclestrainduringeccentriccontraction.Inmaximaleffortsprintrunning,excessivemusclestrains
简介：Background:Motorcompetenceandhealth-relatedfitnessareimportantcomponentsforthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofahealthylifestyleinchildren.Thisstudyexaminedcross-culturalperformancesonmotorcompetenceandhealth-relatedfitnessbetweenPortugueseandU.S.children.Methods:Portuguese(n=508;10.14±2.13years,mean±SD)andU.S.(n=710;9.48±1.62years)childrenperformedtestsofcardiorespiratoryfitness(ProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun),upperbodystrength(handgrip),locomotorskillperformance(standinglongjump),andobjectprojectionskillperformance(throwingandkicking).PortugueseandU.S.childrenweredividedinto2agegroups(6à9and10à13years)fordataanalysispurposes.Atwoàfactoroneàwayanalysisofcovariance(ANOVA)wasconductedwiththeProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun,handgrip,standinglongjumpscores,kicking,andthrowingspeed(km/h)asdependentvariables.Results:ResultsindicatedthatPortuguesechildren,irrespectiveofsex,presentedbetterperformancesinlocomotorandcardiorespiratoryperformance(standinglongjumpandProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun)thanU.S.childreninbothagebands.U.S.childrenoutperformedPortuguesechildrenduringthrowingandhandgriptests.Kickingtestspresentedgenderdifferences:PortugueseboysandU.S.girlsoutperformedtheirinternationallymatchedcounterparts.Conclusion:Culturaldifferencesinphysicaleducationcurriculaandsportsparticipationmayimpactdifferencesinmotorcompetenceandfitnessdevelopmentinthesecountries.
简介：TherecentpublicationbyChekroudetal.inLancetPsychiatryfocusesontherelationshipbetweenphysicalexerciseandmentalhealth.Mentalhealthisdefinedasoptimalpersonalfunctioning"resultinginproductiveactivities,fulfillingrelationshipswithotherpeople,andtheabilitytoadapttochangeandtocopewithadversity".(p.4)Recently,mentalhealthhasnolongerbeendescribedasadichotomousstatebutasacontinuum,withpersonalmentalstatesrangingfromhighlyfunctionaltomentallyill.
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cross-sectional study",by Chekroud et al.,published in Lancet Psychiat" title="Is regular physical activity a key to mental health? Commentary on "Association between physical exercise and mental health in 1.2 million individuals in the USA between 2011 and 2015:A cross-sectional study",by Chekroud et al.,published in Lancet Psychiat">