简介:大量缺乏毒性信息的化学品最终进入环境水体,对人类及生态生物产生潜在的危害与风险。提高化学品生物毒性测试与评估技术的通量和效率,是实现毒害化学物质环境与生态健康风险防控的关键。作为一种可以实现高通量测试的脊椎动物模型,斑马鱼胚胎测试在化学品的毒性评估中应用广泛。随着组学技术的发展,毒理基因组学可有效提取毒害化学品致毒过程中干扰生物学通路的信息。这些机制信息可用于对单物质或复合污染物生物毒性的筛选和预测。本文综述了不同斑马鱼胚胎测试技术在化学品毒性筛选评估管理与水环境复合污染毒性监测中的发展和应用,详细介绍了一种新型斑马鱼胚胎简化转录组学技术的方法流程和优势,并探讨了综合斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试、行为分析和组学等不同测试技术在化学品毒性测试、环境监测与评价中的应用前景。
简介:为了探讨纳米银对HepG2细胞DNA损伤、染色体畸变等遗传毒性指标的影响,以期为纳米银体外遗传毒性评价提供参考依据,本文采用2种纳米银材料(20nm-PVP包被纳米银、20nm-无包被纳米银),分别以20μg·mL^-1、40μg·mL^-1、80μg·mL^-1、160μg·mL^-1的剂量对HepG2细胞染毒24h,用Hoechst-33258染色法检测细胞凋亡,彗星实验检测DNA损伤,胞质分裂阻滞微核细胞组学试验法检测染色体畸变。结果表明,20nmAgNPs组在160μg·mL^-1时引起细胞凋亡数显著增多(P〈0.05);20nmPVP-AgNPs组在80μg·mL^-1和160μg·mL^-1剂量组中细胞凋亡数显著增多(P〈0.01)。2种纳米银引起HepG2细胞发生细胞凋亡,并呈剂量效应关系。彗星试验结果表明,20nmAgNPs和20nmPVP-AgNPs在40μg·mL^-1、80μg·mL^-1、160μg·mL^-1剂量组中,Olive尾矩、尾长和尾部DNA百分比与空白对照组相比均有显著差异(P〈0.05)。2种纳米银对HepG2细胞DNA损伤程度为:20nmAgNPs〉20nmPVP-AgNPs。胞质分裂阻滞微核细胞组学试验结果表明,2种纳米银均不会引起核质桥数发生明显改变(P〉0.05),20nmAgNPs在高染毒剂量下引起微核总数、I型微核、II型微核、核芽数明显升高(P〈0.05);20nmPVP-AgNPs在各染毒剂量下均会引起微核总数及I型微核数量升高(P〈0.01),II型微核数在160μg·mL^-1剂量下升高明显(P〈0.01),剂量大于20μg·mL^-1时核芽数升高(P〈0.01)。20nmPVP-AgNPs对细胞核的影响大于20nmAgNPs(P〈0.05)。总之,2种纳米银材料均会引起HepG2细胞DNA损伤及染色体畸变等遗传毒性效应的改变,无包被纳米银比PVP包被纳米银更容易引起DNA损伤,PVP包被纳米银比无包被纳米银更容易引起细胞染色体畸变相关效应;2种材料对HepG2细胞的损伤存在浓度-效应关系,浓度越高遗传毒性损伤越严重。
简介:试验以尼罗罗非鱼作为受试动物,通过直接投喂未经处理的新鲜藻细胞和喂食相同量经超声波破碎过的藻细胞,比较了罗非鱼在摄食完整蓝藻细胞与摄食破碎的蓝藻细胞时微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)在其体内的动态变化规律及代谢差异.结果表明,无论是喂食破碎蓝藻细胞还是未破碎的蓝藻细胞均可在罗非鱼肝脏和肌肉中检出MC-LR,细胞破碎组肝脏和肌肉的富集能力高于未破碎组.富集第3d,即可在肝脏和肌肉中检出不同程度的MC-LR,肝脏中MC-LR的含量显著高于肌肉,随着富集时间的延长,MC-LR的含量总体呈上升趋势,破碎组肝脏和肌肉分别在染毒的16d和11d达到最大值(分别为2.021μg·g-1和0.071μg·g-1);未破碎组则分别在染毒的24d和21d达到最大值(分别为1.856μg·g-1和0.036μg·g-1).整个富集阶段破碎组肝脏MC-LR的平均值为1.171μg·g-1,略高于未破碎组的1.029μg·g-1;破碎组肌肉含量的平均值0.051μg·g-1,高于未破碎组的0.029μg·g-1.将细胞未破碎组的罗非鱼进行释放阶段的试验.结果表明,罗非鱼的肝脏能快速清除MC-LR,释放13d时达到释放阶段的最低值(为0.241μg·g-1),与肝脏相比,肌肉对毒素的清除要缓慢得多.
简介:Themechanismofhealtheffectscausedbyorganohalogenpollutants,e.g.,toxinsfromelectronicwaste(e-waste),ispoorlyunderstood.WesupposedthatmicroRNAs(miRNAs),animportantpost-transcriptionalregulator,couldplayaroleinthisprocess.Inthisstudy,fastingperipheralbloodsampleswerecollectedfromresidentslivingatane-wastesiteinnorthernChinaandanearbyreferencepopulation.Concentrationsofe-wasterelatedorganohalogenpollutantsinplasmafromtheexposuregroupwerehigherthanthecorrespondingmeasurementinthereferencegroup.Correspondingly,sixtymiRNAsinplasmashowed>2-foldchangebetweenthetwogroupsinmicroarrayanalysis.Amongthem,miR-125a-5pwasconfirmedtobeupregulatedbyqRT-PCRanditsvalidatedtargetswereenrichedinresponsestoxenobioticsandcancerrelatedpathways.Furthermore,significantpositivecorrelationswerefoundbetweenlevelsofmiR-125a-5pinplasmaandreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)inpolymorphonuclearneutrophilleukocytes(P<0.05).Theseevidencessuggestedoxidativestressmightbeanintermediatebetweene-wasterelatedPOPsexposureandalterationofplasmamiRNA.
简介:为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末(0、100、200、400μg·mL^-1)对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星实验)检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率(TailDNA%)和尾矩(TailMoment)均显著增加(p〈0.01);同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组(p〈0.01).以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.
简介:为降低八仙花组培苗生产成本.简化生产工序.缩短种苗的育种周期.选用了珍珠岩、河沙和混合基质(珍珠岩:蛭石:草炭土=1∶1∶2)三种基质.进行八仙花瓶外生根试验.移栽后.对植株的成活率、生根情况、生长量的平均增长率和植物生长状态进行观测.结果表明.在混合基质中.八仙花组培无根苗植株根系和地上部分的生长状况良好.其成活率和生长量的平均增长率最高.分别为95%和27.11%.在珍珠岩中移栽成活率为80%.但是植株生长量的增长率最低.为1.26%.在河沙基质中.移栽成活率最低.但其根系生长良好.因此.八仙花组培无根苗瓶外生根最适基质种类是混合基质.图3.表1.参17.
简介:Globalclimatechangeisoneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesfacedbyhumans.Existingevidenceindicatesthattheanthropogenicpushforariseintheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases(GHGs)(particularlyCO2)hasbeenaprimarycauseforglobalwarming.Asidefromeconomicandteclinologicalfactors,demographicdynamics(includinghumanconsumptioninabroaddemographicsense)hasbeenamajordriverforCO2emissions.Inthispaper,weperformedbothnonlinearregressionanalysis(basedontheSTIRPATmodel)andgraycorrelationdegreeanalysis(basedongraysystemtheory)ontheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions.OurresultsrevealthatCO2emissionsarepositivelycorrelatedwithpopulationsizeandGDPpercapitaandnegativelycorrelatedwithenergyintensity.WealsoshowthatgraycorrelationdegreewithCO2emissionsforfivevariables(i.e.,householdconsumption,urbanizationrate,householdsize,populationagingrate,populationsize)variessubstantially:householdconsumption>urbanizationrate>householdsize>populationagingrate>populationsize,withhouseholdconsumptionbeingthehighest,andpopulationsizethelowest.TomitigatetheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions,itisofvitalsignificancetonurturepeople’sawarenessofsustainableconsumptionandtoadheretocurrentpopulationcontrolpolicies.
简介:HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.