简介:Theprogressofeconomicglobalization,therapidgrowthofinternationaltrade,andthemaritimetransportationhasplayedanincreasinglysignificantroleintheinternationalsupplychain.Asaresult,worldwideseaportshavesufferedfromacentralproblem,whichappearsintheformofmassiveamountsoffuelconsumedandexhaustgasfumesemittedfromtheshipswhileberthed.Manyportshavetakenthenecessaryprecautionstoovercomethisproblem,whileothersstillsufferduetothepresenceoftechnicalandfinancialconstraints.Inthispaper,thebarriers,interconnectionstandards,rules,regulations,powersources,andeconomicandenvironmentalanalysisrelatedtoships,shore-sidepowerwerestudiedineffortstofindasolutiontoovercomehisproblem.Asacasestudy,thispaperinvestigatesthepracticability,costsandbenefitsofswitchingfromonboardshipauxiliaryenginestoshore-sidepowerconnectionforhigh-speedcraftscalledAlkaherawhileberthedattheportofSafaga,Egypt.Theresultsprovidethenationalelectricitygridconceptasthebesteconomicalselectionwith49.03percentofannualcostsaving.Moreover,environmentally,itcouldachieveanannualreductioninexhaustgasemissionsofCO2,CO,NOx,P.M,andSO2by276,2.32,18.87,0.825and3.84tons,respectively.
简介:TheobjectiveofthisresearchwastoexamineifcertainstrainsofBacillusbacteria,couldsurviveindrypowderproductsandifso,couldthebacteriadegradeorganiccontaminantsinsalinewastewateronaship.Aspartofthestudy,weisolated7domesticatedstrainsnamedNY1,NY2,…,andNY7,thestrainNY6showedtohavethebestperformancefororganicmatterdegradationandcouldsurviveindrypowdermorethan3months.NY6wasidentifiedasBacillusaerius,basedonthemorphologicalandphysic-chemicalproperties.Itsoptimalgrowthconditionswereasfollows:salinitywas2%;temperaturewas37℃;pHwasin6.5-7.0;bestratioofC:N:Pwas100:5:1.ThecapabilityofitsdrypowderforChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)removalwas800mgCOD/ginsynthesizedmarinewastewaterwith2%salinity.Thesporesinthedrypowderwere1.972×108g-1.
简介:回顾STCW公约马尼拉修正案关于船员培训与发证的新要求,总结近几次国际海事组织船员培训与值班分委会有关船员培训与发证议题的审议情况,分析后马尼拉修正案时期船员培训与发证国际标准的新变化,提出对我国应采取的应对措施。