主谓一致解题方法综述

王宏宇

王宏宇

摘要：主谓一致是英语语法当中比较简单易懂的知识点，是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，本文就这一语法项目从四个方面展开了讨论，以便让学生更好地记忆.

关键词：英语语法；主谓一致；解题方法

一、用单数的情况

1.有些集体名词(总称意义的)，谓语动词用单数。

furniture,clothing,jewellery,luggage,machinery,pottery

eg:Muchofthejewellerywasmissing.

2.名词所有格后的名词常被省，指工厂、人家、店铺等，谓语动词用单数。

eg:Thebarber’s/Myuncle’sisontheothersideofthestreet.

3.todo,doing作主语，谓语动词用单数。

eg:Tohelpyouismypleasure.

4.合成代词some/any/no/every+thing/body/one作主语及each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another,theother作主及either/neither/each/every/manya/morethanone+名作主，谓语动词用单数。(none单复数均可)

eg:Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.

eg:Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.

5.由连接的两个单数名词作主语，若名词前有each,every,no,manya修饰，谓语动词用单数。

eg:Noteacherandnostudentishere.

6.表时间，距离，金钱，重量，度量衡等的数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

eg:Fiveminutesisenough.

eg:Tendollarsistoodear.

但如强调数量，谓语动词用复。eg:Onehundredcentsareadollar.

二、复数情况

1.people,police,cattle,folk,youth等作主，谓语动词用复数。

eg:Thepoliceweresearchingforhim.

2.trousers,glasses,shoes,clothes,shorts,scissors,jeans,compasses,chopsticks谓语动词用复数(但若前有单位词，由单位词定)

eg:ThesetrousersaremadeinChina.

eg:ThispairoftrousersismadeinChina.

单复数视情况而定

1.集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语用单；作为成员，谓语用复。常见的集体名词有：enemy,family,public,class,team,school,club,army,government,group,audience,company,committee,crowd,crew,couple,jury,party,population,union

eg:Ourclassisaunitedone,andourclassarefootballlovers.

eg:ThepopulationofChinaislargeand80ofthepopulationofChinaarefarmers.

2.单复数同形的名词作主，谓语动词根据意义而定，常见的名词有：deer,fish,sheep,means,species,series,works,crossroads,fishes

eg:Thespeciesoffisharenumerous.

eg:Thisspeciesofroseisstrange.

3.复数名词用作专有名词，书名，剧名，报刊名，国家名等作主，谓语动词用单数；但山脉，群岛，瀑布，海峡的名词，谓语用复数。

eg:TheNewYorkTimessellswell.

eg:TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.

eg:ThePhilipineslietothesoutheastofChina.

4.以S结尾的表学科的单数名词，谓语用单；若学科名词前有the/one’s，表某人在某学科能力成绩方面存在问题，谓语用单数。

eg:Physicsisadifferentsubject.

eg:Hisphysicsareweak.

5.the+adj表一类人，谓语用复；表一类物，谓语用单。

eg:Theoldarewelllookedafter.

eg:Thenewwillreplacetheold.

eg:Theyoungstandingatthedoorismybrother.

6.分数，百分数及therest,some,most,half,any,part,all,theremainder,plentyof,enough+of+名语作主，谓语根据名语数而定。

eg:Apartofthelandisdevotedtoagriculture.

eg:Apartofthefieldsarewatered.

eg:Allweresilent.大家都一言不发。

eg:Allwassilent.万籁俱寂。

7.主语后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,like,ratherthan,including,combinedwith,accompaniedby,inadditionto,nolessthan等词时，谓语与主语一致。

eg:Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsible.

eg:Henolessthanyouiswrong.

8.and连接两个名词表同一个人或物，谓语用单；指不同人或物，谓语用复。

eg:Thewriterandpoethasbeenthere.

eg:Thewriterandthepoethavebeenthere.

eg:Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.

eg:Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.

9.what引导主语从句，谓语常用单数；但若从句的宾语或表语是复数，谓语用复数。

eg:Whatyousaidisright.

eg:Whatweneedisagoodbook./Whatweneedaregoodbooks.

10.由kind,form,type,sort,species,series,quantityof+名词作主，谓语动词取决于这些词的单复数。

eg:Thiskindofmenishonest./Allkindsofbooksaregood.

eg:Menofthiskindarehonest.

11.定语从句的先行词前有oneof时，定语从句中谓语动词看先行词；若有theonly修饰，从句谓动词用单数。

eg:Heisoneofthestudentswhostudyhard.

eg:Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhostudieshard.

12.such,thesame,theformer,thelatter,thefollowing等视其指代内容而定。

eg:Suchisourplan.

eg:Sucharehisbooks.

eg:Ofpigsandcows,theformerarelessvaluable.

四、就近一致原则

1.or,either…or,neither..nor,notonly…butalso,not…but连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语就近一致。

2.There,Here引导的句子。

eg:Therearetwobooks.

eg:Herecomesthebus.

eg:Thereisabookandtwoknivesonthedesk.

注意：Oneandahalf+名词复数，谓单

Morethanone+名词单数，谓单

Manya+名词单数，谓单

Oneortwo+名词复数，谓复

以上的分类解释比较清楚明了，笔者希望对认为此处比较难理解的人们会有所帮助，以取得更好的成绩.

作者单位：黑龙江省鸡西市第一中学

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