简介:AbstractWith the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in cancers, ICI-induced type 1 diabetes has been reported throughout the world. In this review, we aim to summarize the characteristics of this disease and discuss the mechanism of it. As an immune-related adverse event, type 1 diabetes developed after the administration of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the combination with or without anti-CTLA-4. It usually presented with acute onset, and 62.1% of the reported cases had diabetic ketoacidosis. Only a third of them had positive autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes. Susceptible HLA genotypes might be associated. T-cell-stimulation by blocking of the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 in pancreatic β cells was the main mechanism involved in the pathology. Insulin was the only effective treatment of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes. In conclusions, ICI-induced type 1 diabetes is a potentially life-threating adverse event after the immunotherapy of cancers. Screening and early recognition is important. Further investigation of the mechanism may help to better understand the pathology of type 1 diabetes.
简介:Inthepresentarticle,wedealwiththeso-calledoverconvergencephenomenoninCofaslightlymodifiedPost-Widderoperatorofrealvariable,thatiswiththeextensionofitsapproximationpropertiesfromtherealaxisinthecomplexplane.Inthissense,errorestimatesinapproximationandaquantitativeVoronovskaya-typeasymptoticformulaareestablished.
简介:AnewkindofvectorvaluedrationalinterpolantsisestablishedbymeansofSamelsoninverse,withscalarnumeratorandvectorvalueddenominator.ItisessentiallydifferentfromthatofGraves-Morris(1983),wheretheinterpolantsareconstructedbyThiele-typecontinuedfractionswithvectorvaluednumeratorandscalardenominator.Thenewapproachismoresuitabletocalculatethevalueofavectorvaluedfunctionforagivenpoint.Andanerrorformulaisalsogivenandproven.
简介:Firstly,weuseNeharimanifoldandMountainPassLemmatoproveanexistenceresultofpositivesolutionsforaclassofnonlocalellipticsystemwithKirchhofftype.ThenamultiplicityresultisestablishedbycohomologicalindexofFadellandRabinowitz.Wealsoconsiderthecriticalcaseandproveexistenceofpositiveleastenergysolutionwhentheparameterβissufficientlylarge.
简介:TheauthorsinvestigatetheconditionsforthebotmdednessofBergmantypeoperatorsPa,tinmixednormspaceLp,q(μ)ontheunitballofC^n(n≥1),andobtainasufficientconditionandanecessaryconditionforgeneralnormalfunctionμ,andasufficientandnecessaryconditionforμ(r)=(1-r^2)^αlog^β(2(1-r)^-1)(α>0,β≥0),ThisgeneralizestheresultofForelli-Rudin[3]onBergmanoperatorinBergmanspace.Asapplications,amorenaturalmethodisgiventocomputethedualityofthemixednormspace,solvetheGleason'sproblemformixednormspaceandobtainthecharacterizationofmixednormspaceintermsofpartialderivatives.Moreover,itisprovedthatf∈L^(0)∞,q(μ)forholomorphicfunctionf,1≤q≤∞.
简介:DearEditor,IamSatoruKase,fromtheDepartmentofOphthalmology,FacultyofMedicineandGraduateSchoolofMedicine,HokkaidoUniversity,SapporoCity,Japan.Iwritetopresentacaseofneurofibromatosistype1(NF1)showingmassivehemorrhageduringinvolutionalblepharoptosissurgery.
简介:Inthisnote,wedefineanewkindofspacesTFofTriebel-LizorkintypeandcharacterizeitviasequencespacelpAlsoaFouriermultipliertheoremisestablishedinthisnewspacesTFpaq
简介:超级哈雷的方法是为解决nonlnear方程的最好已知的第三顺序的重复之一。是这个方法的近似的一个像牛顿的方法被学习。我们的途径产出比它的古典前辈更有效的第四个R顺序反复的过程。我们用复发关系的一个新系统建立一条Newton-Kantorovich-type集中定理,并且给明确的表情为重复的priori错误界限。
简介:<正>Inthepresentpapertherearegivenanumberofminimax-typeinequalitiesforafamilyoffunctions,involvingtwomultivaluedmappings,onebeingstronglydecomposableandtheothermonotone.Hencesomeapplicationstothevariational-typeinequalitytheoryandtothefixedpointtheory.
简介:Inthispaper,weinvestigatesomedelayGronwalltypeinequalitiesontimescalesbyusingGronwall’sinequality.Ourresultsunifyandextendsomedelayintegralinequalitiesandtheircorrespondingdiscreteanalogues.Theinequalitiesgivenherecanbeusedashandytoolsinthequalitativetheoryofcertainclassesofdelaydynamicequationsontimescales.
简介:VariationalmethodsareusedtostudythenonlinearSchrdinger-Poissontypeequationswhichmodeltheelectromagneticwavepropagatingintheplasmainphysics.ByanalyzingtheHamiltonianpropertytoconstructaconstrainedvariationalproblem,theexistenceofthegroundstateofthesystemisobtained.Furthermore,itisshownthatthegroundstateisorbitallystable.