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简介：InordertosolvetheproblemofDOA(directionofarrival)estimationofunderwaterremotetargets,anovelsubspace-decompositionmethodbasedonthecrosscovariancematrixofthepressureandtheparticlevelocityofacousticvectorsensorarrays(AVSA)wasproposed.Whereafter,usingspatio-temporalvirtualtapped-delay-line,aneweigenvector-basedcriteriaofdetectionofnumberofsourcesandofsubspacepartitionisalsopresented.ThetheoreticalanalysisshowsthatthenewsourcedetectionanddirectionfindingmethodisdifferentfromexistingAVSAbasedDOAestimationmethodsusingparticlevelocityinformationofacousticvectorsensor(AVS)asanindependentarrayelement.Itisentirelybasedonthecombinedinformationprocessingofpressureandparticlevelocity,hasbetterestimationperformancethanexistingmethodsinisotropicnoisefield.Computersimulationswithdatafromlaketrialsdemonstrate,theproposedmethodiseffectiveandobviouslyoutperformsexistingmethodsinresolutionandaccuracyinthecaseoflowsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR).

简介：Toprovidegeneticinformationandmaterialsforbreedinghybridjaponicaricewithwideadaptabilityandstrongcompetitiveadvantageofyield,eliteallelesandtheircarriervarietiesofgrowthduration(GD)andproductivepaniclenumberperplant(PN)weredetected.Anaturalpopulationcomposedof94japonicavarietieswasphenotypedfortheGD,PNandplantheight(PH)intwoenvironments.TheconditionalphenotypicdataweretransferredbythelinearmodelmethodinsoftwareQGAStation1.0,andassociationmappingbasedontheunconditionalandconditionalphenotypevaluesofGDandPNwasanalyzedbyusinggenerallinearmodelinsoftwareTASSEL.Atotalof34simplesequencerepeat(SSR)markerlociassociatedwithGDandPNweredetectedinthetwoenvironments.Amongthem,15wereassociatedwithGD,and19wereassociatedwithPN.FoureliteallelesofRM8095-120bp,RM7102-176bp,RM72-170bpandRM72-178bpwereassociatedwithGD,andtheircarriervarietieswereHongmangshajing,Nipponbare,HongmangshajingandNannongjing62401,respectively.TheseeliteallelesfromthecarriervarietiescanshortenGDby2.039.93dwhentheywereintroducedintoimprovedmaterials.RM72-182bpassociatedwithPNwasaneliteallele,anditscarriervarietywasXiaoqingzhong.ItcanincreasePNbythreewhenintroducedintoimprovedmaterials.Moreover,theseeliteallelescanbeusedtoimprovetargettraitswithoutinfluencinganothertwotraits.

简介：TheApollobutterfly,Parnassiusapollo(Linnaeus),wascommoninEuropeover100yearsago,butcurrentlyitisconsideredasnearthreatened.Differentconservationprogramshavepromotedthepersistenceofthisspecies;however,itisstillendangered.AnexampleofsuchprogramswastheactiondevotedtoreestablishtheApollobutterflypopulationinPieninyNationalPark(Poland)fromonly20-30individualswhichhadsurvivedtillthelastdecadeofthe20thcentury.Thisreintroductionhasbeensuccessful;however,unexpecteddevelopmentalproblemsappeared.Butterflieswithdeformedorreducedwingsbecamefrequentinthepopulationlivinginthenaturalhabitat,andparticularlyamongthoserearedunderseminaturalconditions(inthesameenvironment,butfencedbyanet).Untilrecently,reasonsforthesemalformationsremainedunknown.However,reportspublishedduringlastmonthsindicatedthattherearegenetic,biochemical,andmicrobiologicalfactorscontributingtothisphenomenon.Inthemalformedindividuals,lesionsinthewinglessgeneanddysfunctionsoflaccase1and2werefoundtobesignificantlymorefrequentthaninnormalinsects.AlargefractionofbutterflieswithdeformedorreducedwingswasdevoidoftheprokaryoticsymbiontWolbachia,whichwaspresentinmostnormalindividuals.Moreover,Yersiniapseudotuberculosis(Pfeiffer)SmithandThai,andSerratiasp.,bacteriapathogenictoinsects,weredetectedinthebiologicalmaterialfrombothnormalandmalformedbutterfliesfromthispopulation.Thesefindingsaresummarizedanddiscussedinthisreview,inthelightofconservationofinsectsandrestitutionoftheirpopulationsfromalownumberofindividuals.

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简介：作者将证明组2Dp(3)能被它的顺序部件特别地决定，在此p≠2m+1是一个素数，p≥5。更精确，如果OC(G)表示G的顺序部件的集合，我们将证明OC(G)=是OC(2Dp(3))如果并且仅当G对2Dp(3)。我们的结果的主要后果是汤普森的有效性在考虑下面为这些组推测。

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简介：Usingsevenworkingfluids,asystematicexperimentalstudywasperformedtoinvestigatethelocalconvectiveheattransferfromverticalheaterstoimpingingcircularsubmergedjetsintherangeofReynoldsnumberbetween1.17×10^2and3.69×10^4withtheemphasisplacedontheexaminationofPrandtlnumberdependence.Heattransfercoefficientsatthestagnationpointwerecollectedandcorrelatedwiththeplateheldwithinandbeyondthepotentialcore.Radialdistributionofthelocalheattransfercoefficientwasmeasuredwithfivetestliquids.Basedonthemeasuredprofilesofthelocalheattransfer,acorrelationwasdevelopedtocovertheentirerangeoftheadialdistance.Basidesthepresentdata,thecorrelationsdevelopedinthisworkwerealsocomparedwithalargequantityofavailabledataofcircularairjets.Generalagreementwasobservedbetweentheairdataandthecorrelations.

简介：AbstractAs of March 12th Italy has the largest number of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Europe as well as outside China. The infections, first limited in Northern Italy, have eventually spread to all other regions. When controlling an emerging outbreak of an infectious disease it is essential to know the key epidemiological parameters, such as the basic reproduction number R0, i.e. the average number of secondary infections caused by one infected individual during his/her entire infectious period at the start of an outbreak. Previous work has been limited to the assessment of R0 analyzing data from the Wuhan region or Mainland China. In the present study the R0 value for SARS-CoV-2 was assessed analyzing data derived from the early phase of the outbreak in Italy. In particular, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed in 9 cities (those with the largest number of infections) fitting the well-established SIR-model to available data in the interval between February 25–March 12, 2020. The findings of this study suggest that R0 values associated with the Italian outbreak may range from 2.43 to 3.10, confirming previous evidence in the literature reporting similar R0 values for SARS-CoV-2.

简介：Objective:Theepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(EGFR)inhibitorsmonoclonalantibodies(MoAbs)havealreadyshownthetherapeuticeffectivenessinpatientswithmetastaticcolorectalcancer(mCRC).Butmanypatientsresisttothetreatment.Theaimofthismeta-analysiswastoassessEGFRgenecopynumber(GCN)asacandidatepredictivebiomarkerforresistancetoanti-EGFRMoAbsinmCRCtreatment.Methods:SystematiccomputerizedsearchesofthePubMed,EMBaseandCochraneLibrarywereperformed.Theprimaryendpointwasobjectiveresponserate(ORR).Thesecondendpointsincludedprogression-freesurvival(PFS),andoverallsurvival(OS).Thepooledoddratio(OR)andpooledsensitivity,specificity,andsummaryreceiveroperatorcharacteristic(SROC)forORRwereestimated.Thepooledhazardratios(HR)forPFSandOSwerealsocalculated.Results:Fourteenstudieswith1,021patientswereincluded.IncreasedEGFRGCNwasassociatedwithincreasedORR(OR=6.905;95%CI:4.489-10.620).Itwasalsofoundinwild-typeKRASmCRCpatients,withthepooledORof8.133(95%CI:4.316-15.326).GCNhasmediumvalueforpredictingORR,withthepooledsensitivityof0.79(95%CI:0.73-0.84),thepooledspecificityof0.59(95%CI:0.55-0.62).InwildtypeKRASmCRCpatients,thesensitivityandthespecificitywere0.80(95%CI:0.70-0.87)and0.60(95%CI:0.53-0.66),respectively.IncreasedEGFRGCNwasassociatedwithincreasedPFS(HR=0.557;95%CI:0.382-0.732)andOS(HR=0.579;95%CI:0.422-0.737).Conclusions:Thismeta-analysissuggeststhatEGFRGCNrepresentsapredictivebiomarkerfortumorresponseinmCRCpatientstreatedwithMoAbsregardlessofKRASmutation.mCRCpatientswithincreasedEGFRGCNaremorelikelytohaveabetterresponse,PFS,andOSwhentreatedwithcetuximaborpanitumumab.

简介：BACKGROUND:Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)isthemostcommonofallthemotorneurondiseasesandtheabsenceofabiologicmarkerhasmadebothdiagnosisandtrackingevolutionofthediseasedifficult.Electrodiagnostictestsplayafundamentalroleinquantifyingpathologicalchangesinthemotorunitpool.OBJECTIVE:Weassesseddistal-proximalMotorUnit(MU)lossandchangesusingthemethodofmotorunitnumberestimation(MUNE).DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Acase-controlstudywasperformedattheDepartmentofNeuroscience,PisaUniversityMedicalSchool,ItalyfromDecember1999toNovember2009.PARTICIPANTS:Atotalof50ALSpatientswererecruited,30males:meanage(59.6±13.3)years20females:meanage(63.9±11.7)years;range(30-82)years;allpatientshadprobableordefiniteALS.Thirtyhealthyvolunteerswererecruitedfromdepartmentstaffs,including20malesand10females;meanage(57.7±13.8)yearsservedascontrols.METHODS:MUNEwasperformedforboththebicepsbrachiiandabductordigitiminimimusclesothesameside.Thetechniqueusedrelayedsubstantiallyonmanualincrementalstimulationofthemotornerve,knownastheMcComastechnique(50mssweepduration,againof2mV/DivforMwave,0.5mV/Divforeachstep;filters10-20kHz).MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:MUNEresultsweremeasured.RESULTS:FunctioningMUnumbers,measuredbyMUNE,decreasedinthebicepsbrachiiandabductordigitiminimimusclesovertheentireone-yearfollow-upperiod(oneassessmenteverythreemonths)comparedwithbaselinedetermination,therateofMUdecreasewassimilarinbothmuscles,butsteeperdistally.CONCLUSION:MUNEisafeasiblemethodforALSpatientsbothproximallyanddistallytotrackchangesovertimeinmuscleMUsduringthedisease'sevolution.

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简介：摘要PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) according to total number of pulses on hamstring muscle spasticity in children with spastic type cerebral palsy (CP)．MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled trial consisting of thirteen patients with spastic CP, 9 males and 4 females, aged 5 to 14 years (mean age 9.2). Twenty-five spastic hamstring muscles were divided in four groups. Group I: 500 pulses, Group II: 1，000 pulses, Group III: 1，500 pulses, and Group IV: 2，000 pulses. Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) was measured at four different time points (pre-ESWT, post-ESWT, 2 weeks post-ESWT, and 4 weeks post-ESWT)．ResultsAll four groups showed improvement in ASAS relative to pre-treatment, although only significant in Group III (1，500 pulses). There were no statistically significant differences in ASAS between all four groups in pre-ESWT [|2(2)＝3.907, P＝0.272], immediately post-ESWT [|2(2)＝1.250, P＝0.741], 2 weeks post-ESWT vs pre-ESWT [|2(2)＝3.367, P＝0.338], and 4 weeks post-ESWT vs pre-ESWT [|2(2)＝1.566, P＝0.667]．ConclusionThe effect of rESWT on spastic hamstring in children with spastic CP is not dependent on the number of pulses.

简介：试验性的工作在位于Irbid区域并且在乔丹舒纳·诺思的二个蜂房被进行在年期间20042006。这些调查的目的是处于蜜蜂虱(Braulasp)的群袭率估计季节的变化并且开发与蜜蜂Braula在工人上估计群袭率的一个容易、快速的方法。二主要蜂蜜蜜蜂亚种在乔丹被饲养；Apismelliferacarnica和Apismelliferasyriaca在这研究被使用。结果证明群袭率开始在5月很快增加了，到达季节为A的16.2%，15.8%和17.4%的最大的率。m。carnica并且22.6%，23.9%和22.9%为A。m。在2004，2005和2006的12月的syriaca分别地。蜜蜂的最大的成年数字在4月和6月被发现，而为一年的最小在学习时期期间在在两个蜂蜜蜜蜂亚种殖民地的1月。蜜蜂虱的实际人口能被认为日报扔了虱并且由158的一个因素乘估计。这个因素为亚种在半干旱的地中海条件下面为3把年作为的两个的试验性的殖民地是有效的。

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