简介：空气污染是快速的都市化和经济开发在中国带的一个严重问题，强加对人口健康和社会的可持续性的大挑战和威胁。基于监视从2013～2014为每个中国城市获得的数据的即时空气质量，空气污染的空间与时间的特征用各种各样的探索空间数据分析工具被分析。与空间econometric模型一起，这份报纸进一步确定在公民和地区性的规模的空气质量上的社会经济的因素的影响。结果如下：(1)从2013～2014，城市的空气质量的天依从的百分比增加了，但是空气污染败坏了，在有差的空气质量的区域的变得更坏的状况变得更明显。(2)空气质量的变化出现一清楚的时间的结合地区性的社会经济的活动，基本上在白天并且相对相对差擅长夜里。(3)城市的空气污染显示出一个空间模式在在南方的北方和光在在西方的东方和光重、重。(4)地区性的城市的空气污染的全面程度和分发有清楚地不同的特征。因为关键城市的污染是那些城市spreadsregional外套污染的aggravatedpollution，地区性的空气污染的形成和进化能基本上被导致是在污染governanceregional污染关节预防的aggravatedthe钥匙城市铅，控制总的来说是implementedregional污染被减少。(5)在公民，水平，精力消费，工业化和工艺的进步是在优秀、经济开发是的城市的空气变得更坏的主要因素为那质量的改进的一位重要司机。(6)由资源，环境和开发舞台影响了，社会经济的因素在空气质量上有强烈可变的影响，在在不同区域的方向和紧张。基于结论，地区性的区别和在中国的开发和环境变化被讨论的在经济之间的关系的发展想法。

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简介：Basedontheobserved2-yeartemperaturedataforfourkindsoftypicalurbanunderlyingsurfaces,includingasphalt,cement,barelandandgrassland,theannualvariationsandinfluencingfactorsoflandsurfacetemperatureareanalyzed.Thenfittingequationsforsurfacetemperatureareestablished.Itisshownthattheannualvariationofdailyaverage,maximumandminimumtemperatureanddailytemperaturerangeonthefoururbanunderlyingsurfacesisconsistentwiththechangeinairtemperature.Thedifferenceoftemperatureondifferentunderlyingsurfacesinthesummerhalfyear(MaytoOctober)ismuchmoreevidentthanthatinthewinterhalfyear(DecembertothefollowingApril).Thedailyaverageandmaximumtemperaturesofasphalt,cement,barelandandgrasslandarehigherthanairtemperatureduetotheatmosphericheatinginthedaytime,withthatofasphaltbeingthehighest,followedinturnbycement,barelandandgrassland.Moreover,thedailyaverage,maximumandminimumtemperatureonthefoururbanunderlyingsurfacesarestronglyimpactedbytotalcloudamount,dailyaveragerelativehumidityandsunshinehours.Thelandsurfacecanbecooled(warmed)byincreasedtotalcloudamount(relativehumidity).Thechangesintemperatureonbarelandandgrasslandareinfluencedbyboththetotalcloudamountandthedailyaveragerelativehumidity.Thetemperatureparametersofthefourlandsurfacesaresignificantlycorrelatedwithdailyaverage,maximumandminimumtemperature,sunshinehours,dailyaveragerelativehumidityandtotalcloudamount,respectively.Theanalysisalsoindicatesthattherangeoffittingparameterofalinearregressionequationbetweenthesurfacetemperatureofthefourkindsoftypicallandsurfaceandtheairtemperatureisfrom0.809to0.971,passingtheF-testwithaconfidencelevelof0.99.

简介：DramaticeconomicandsocialchangeshavetakenplaceinJiangyincityduetorapidandunevenurbanizationandindustrialization.Theenvironmentaldegradationhasfolloweddrivenbythesechangessincethe1980's.Withthepressuresandeffectsofenvironmentaldeterioration,thecityhasimplementedenvironmentalmanagementtoholdbackthetrendsofnegativeenvironmentalchanges.Fromtheviewpointofsystems,DPSERisagoodmodelforurbanenvironmentalchangestounderstandthecauses,pressure,state,effect,existingresponsesandfutureactionstrategies.WetookJiangyincity,adevelopedcityinSouthJiangsuprovince,EastChina,asanexample,andanalyzedthecharacteristicsofenvironmentalchangesandurbanresponsesusingDPSERmodel.Someoperationalstrategieshavebeenputforwardtodirectthecityenvironmentalmanagementtowardsasustainableroadstepbystep.

简介：Chinaisexperiencingaprocessofrapidindustrializationandurbanizationatthecostofagriculturallandandenvironment,particularlyinthecostalareas.ThisstudytakesJinanasacasepresentingatime-seriesanalysisofurbanlandexpansionfrom313to2003.TheresultsshowthattheurbanexpansionofJinancitymainlytookplaceinthelast100years,especiallyaftertheeconomicreformin1978.Socialdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth,urbanpopulationgrowthandmigrationpolicieswerefactorsdrivingtheurbanlandexpansion.Urbansprawlresultedinadisappearanceofwetlandsandagreatlossofagriculturalland,andover-pumpingofgroundwaterthatledtodisappearanceofthecity'sfeature,namely"thecityofsprings".

简介：Chinaisoneofthecountrieswiththemostseriousfloodingdisasters.InChina,above70%ofbigcities,50%ofpopulationand75%ofindustrialandagriculturaloutputvaluearedistributedineasterncoastalareaswithseriousflooding.Therefore,enhancementoftheoreticalstudyandexperiencesummarizationofurbanfloodcontrolisofgreattheoreticalandpracticalsignificance.Aseconomyisdevelopingrapidly,urbanscaleisexpandingfast,andurbanfloodcontrolstandispromoted.Urbanfloodcontrolcallsfornewconceptandmethods.Thispapermakesasystematicsummarizationofconceptevolutionandadvancedmethodsconcerningurbanfloodcontrolathomeandabroad.Theconceptofurbanfloodcontrolhastransformedfromsimplefloodcontrolanddrainagetocoexistencewithanduseofflood.Floodcontrolmeasureshavetransferredformemphasisuponengineeringonestoprioritytobothengineeringandnon-engineeringones,withspecialattentiontoecologicalfloodcontrol,suchasmakingfulluseofecologicalrevetment,ecologicalrealignmentofariver,multi-objectivemanagementofurbanflooddetentionregion,turningfloodintoresourcesandutilizationofwetlands.

简介：交通控制和管理是有效措施解决交通拥挤的问题。为马路走廊的最佳的控制模型在事件条件下面被开发，它在每交叉并且在马路瓶颈节上在交通需求和能力之间的差别的平方的和的最小化形式。模型在斜面上在downstream在动脉的交叉，在在上游的离开斜面的离开斜面转向率和在斜面上转向率优化阶段裂口的控制参数。最后，客观功能被讨论，最佳的控制模型简单、实际，这被显示出。

简介：Watertankexperimentsarecarriedouttoinvestigatetheconvectionflowinducedbybottomheatingandtheeffectsoftheambientwindontheflowinnon-symmetricalurbanstreetcanyonsbasedonthePIV(ParticleImageVisualization)technique.Fluidexperimentsshowthatwithcalmambientwind,theflowsinthestreetcanyonarecompletelydrivenbythermalforce,andtheconvectioncanreachtheupperatmosphereofthestreetcanyon.Horizontalandverticalmotionsalsoappearabovetheroofsofthebuildings.Thesearetheconditionswhichfavortheexchangeofmomentumandairmassbetweenthestreetcanyonanditsenvironment.Morethantwovorticesareinducedbytheconvection,andthecomplexcirculationpatternwillvarywithtimeinawiderstreetcanyon.However，inanarrowstreetcanyon，justonevortexappears.Withalightambientwind,thebottomheatingandtheassociatedconvectionresultinjustonemainvortex.Astheambientwindspeedincreases,thevortexbecomesmoreorganizedanditscentershiftsclosertotheleewardbuilding.

简介：Urbanindustrialwastelandmighthavebeenaffectedbytoxicandhazardoussubstancesemittedbytheoriginalproductionactivities.Consequently,pollutionsurveyanalysisandenvironmentalriskassessmentshouldhavebeenconductedbeforeredevelopment.Inthepaper,bysurveyingsoilsamplefromwastedump,tailingpondandsurroundingareainLead-ZincMine,fuzzymathematicsmethodwasadoptedtoestablishFuzzyComprehensiveEvaluationmodelastoanalyzeconditionsofsoilpollutionbyheavymetalandsoilnutrient.ItwouldprovideimportantscientificbasisforpollutioncontrolandecologicalrestorationintheminingareaandthuscarryoutcomprehensiveecologicalrestorationinLead-ZincMine.FuzzyComprehensiveEvaluationresultsindicatedthatsoilpollutionbyheavymetalweresevere.Itcouldgiveprioritytodevelopforestry.MostdeficientsoilnutrientelementswereavailablePandN.Duetothelackofnitrogenandphosphorus,itwasnecessarytoimprovethesoilbeforephytoremediation.

简介：Temporalmapisanisochronalmaptakingtimeasameasuringunit.Ittracesouttheisochronesaccordingtothediscrepancyofthetimedistancebetweenthedifferentsitesfromtheoutsideofthecityandthedowntown.Itcanbeclearandintuitionaltoshowthedifferenttemporalrelationshipsbetweentheoutsideofthecityandthecitycentrewiththetemporalmap.Theproblemoftrafficcongestion,withitspotentialforurbanchaos,hasincreaseddramaticallywithagrowingnumberofvehiclesandthecontinuingaerialexpansionofGuangzhou.Bothtransitrid-ersanddriversfinditisagreatdifficultytotrytoacquirethenecessaryinformationfromurbanspatialmovements.Valuabletimeislostduetotheabsenceofgoodtransportationinformation.So,thepaperanalyzesacaseinGuang-zhoucommunicationwithGeographicInformationSystem(GIS),andusesthemostpopularvehicles,includingbusesandtaxisthatareusedtomeasurethetemporaldistanceinthecity,andthenproposesthedesignofanewmapthatbetterre?ectsthestatusofurbancommunication,andattemptstochangetherelationshipbetweenonepointandanotherpointoftravel,reducingtheamountoftimeallocatedtosuch,oftencomplex,movements.ThispaperalsopointsouttheobstaclesassociatedwithGuangzhou'sexistingtrafficcongestion,andputsforwardastrategyaimedatbetterdefiningtheneedoflinkingthetemporalmaptospatialmapofGuangzhou.

简介：Climatechangeandurbanizationissuesarethetwokeyfactorsthatmakehumansliabletobeaffectedbydisasters,whichareoverlappedinurbanagglomeration.ThefivebigurbanagglomerationsofChinawithstrongeconomicpoweraretheimportantenginesfornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment.However,beinginthesea-landmutualinteractionbeltswithavasthazard-bearingbody,theyareaffectedbysea-landcompounddisasters,andareliabletosufferheavydisasterlosseswithclimatechange.Itissuggestedthatgovernmentdepartmentsconcernedshouldfullyrecognizetheimpactofclimatechangeoncoastalurbanagglomerations,proposestrategiesassoonaspossible,andintegratetheimpactofclimatechangeandadaptationcountermeasuresintothevariouskindsofsocial-economicdevelopmentplansforcoastalurbanregions.

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简介：在这份报纸，组织上，大楼的特征被也就是，使用二个质地描述符确定方形的根对差别(SRPD)并且官方补给*。然后，一个新奇方法，基于SRPD并且官方补给*，到在从很高的分辨率SAR的城市的区域的摘录大楼区域，图象被介绍。结果证明这个方法有能力在城市的区域把大楼区分开来与复杂特征，它能为印射的土地被采用并且为消除操作提供支持。

简介：Thispaperanalysesredoundedprofitsofcooperationandnon-cooperationamongcitiesinurbanagglomerationsbasedongametheory.Itdiscussestheproblemsofeconomicaldevelopmentamongcitieswithfeeblecooperation,anddeducestheconclusionthatonlycooperationofcitiesproducesthemaximumprofitsandrealizesParetoefficiencyforcitiesandurbanagglomerations.Thepaperstatesthatcooperationisthecornerstoneofeconomicsustainabledevelopmentinurbanagglomerationsinprofitsproducedbycooperationamongcities.Somesuggestionstoacceleratecooperationamongcitiesareproposed.

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简介：HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.

简介：Theurbanelectricpowerdistributionnetworkrequireshighersupplyreliability,butthedecisionofinvestmentpolicyischieflydependentonthesecuritystandardsadoptedbythesupplyutilities.Thus,theformulationofreliabilitystandardsdeservesseriousconsiderationevenregardinginvestmentalone.Supplyreliabilitycanbeexpressedintermsofsupplyavail-ability,whichrelatestoannualdurationofinterruptionperconsumer.

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简介：城市的碳脚印在城市的环境上反映人的活动的影响和压力。基于城市水平，这份报纸估计了碳排出物和南京城市，分析的城市的碳脚印紧张和碳周期压力的碳脚印并且通过LMDI讨论了碳脚印的影响因素分解模型。主要结论如下：(1)自从2000，南京的全部的碳排出物很快增加了，在哪个从石块精力的使用的碳排放最大。同时，自从2000，南京的碳水池介绍了一个衰退趋势，它引起了碳赔偿率的减少和城市的碳周期压力的增加。(2)自从2000，很快增加的南京的全部的碳脚印，和碳赤字是超过十次在2009的南京的全部的陆地区域，它意味着南京面对了高碳周期压力。(3)通常，南京的碳脚印紧张在减少上，碳脚印生产率在增加以后。这显示自从2000，南京的精力利用率和碳效率被改进，并且为精力保存的政策和南京管理拿的排放减小收到了更好的效果。(4)经济开发，人口和工业结构为南京的碳脚印的增加正在支持因素，当工业碳脚印紧张是禁止的因素时。(5)几项反措施应该被花城市的碳脚印到减少并且减轻碳周期压力，例如：精力效率，工业结构重建，造林和环境保护和陆地使用控制的改进。通常，到低碳的经济的转变是必要的让中国城市以后认识到持续开发。

简介：AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionbegantoimplementsocialendowmentinsuranceforurban-ruralresidentsinJuly2011.Ithasbrokentheformerdualurban-and-ruralsystemandmergedthesocialendowmentinsuranceforurbanresidentsandthenewruralendowmentinsurancetogetherintothesocialendowmentinsuranceforbothurbanandruralresidents.