简介：Inthispaperwedescribeamulti-gridalgorithmformixedproblemswithpenaltybythelinearfiniteelementapproximation.Itisprovedthattheconvergencerateofthealgorithmisboundedawayfrom1independentlyofthemeshsize.Forconvenience,weonlydiscussJacobirelaxationassmoothingoperatorindetail.

简介：非线性的反应散开方程的扩展混合有限元素近似被讨论。这里考虑的方程被用来为hydrologic和bio-geochemical现象建模。线性化混合方法方程，我们使用包含一个小非线性的系统在上的一个二格子的方法一粗糙尺寸H和一个线性系统系好尺寸h的一个好格子。错误估计被导出它证明错误是O(t+hk+1+H2k+2?d/2)(k1)，在k是的地方，为主要变量和d的接近的空间的度是空间尺寸。上述估计为为粗糙的格子问题决定适当H是有用的。

简介：Performancecomparisonsarecomposedoftwoparts:thefirstpartcontainsthesystematicallyinvestigationofsixdifferenceschemesincludingCDS,FUDS,HDS,PLDS,SUDSandQUICKforconvectiontermsinnumericalfluidflowandheattransferbasedonthefinitevolumemethodusingstaggeredandRhie-Chow'smomentuminterpolationcollocatedgrids,thesecondpartcontainsthecomparativecomputationsbeingconductedonRhie-Chow'smomentuminterpolationcollocatedgridandThiart'sfinitedifferenceschemebasednonstaggeredgrid.Three3-Dcasesthathaveanalyticalorbechmarksolutionsareadopted.FortheFirstpart,theresultsofcomputationsindicatethat,allthesixschemeshavethesamenumericalaccuracywhenthediffusiontermisredominant,Withtheincreaseofconvection,theFUDS,HDSandPLDSalmosthavethesameaccuracyintwoofthosegridsystems,whiletheSUDSandQUICKhavehigheraccuracythantheformer,TheaccuracyofCDSissomethinginbetween,Forthesamunder-relaxationfactorsandconvergencecriterion,theconvergencerateofeachschemeonthosetwogridsystemsarenearlbyequalwiththatonthestaggeredgridbeingalittlebitfaster.ForQUICKandCDS,smooth,non-oscillatingsolutionscanbeobtaninedgridbeingalittlebitfaster,ForQUICKandCDS,smooth,non-oscillatingsolutionscanbeobtainedevenwhenlocalPecletnumbermaybeaslargeas31.2-31.3,Forthesecondpart,itisconcludedthatsimplifiedcollocatedgridsystemispreferablefromnumericalaccuracy,gridPecletnumberlimit,sensitivitytotheunderrelaxationfactorandthefreedominchoosingfinitedifferenceschemeforconvectionterm.

简介：Theexponentiallyexpandedspacegridwasincorporatedintothenetworkapproachtoovercometheproblemoflowsimulationefficiencyduringthesimulationsofelectrochemicalproblemswithstiffkineticsorwidedlsperslonofdiffusioncoefficients,resultinginaneffectiveelectrochemicalsimulationmethod:exponentiallyexpandedgridnetworkapproach(EEG-NA).ThestabilityandaccuracyoftheEEGNAforthesimulationofvariouselectrodeprocesses.coupledwithdifferenttypesofhomogeneousreactionswereinvestigated.

简介：ResourcesonacomputationalGridaregeographicallyistributed,heterogeneousinnature,ownedbydifferentindividualsororganizationswiththeirownschedulingpolicies,havedifferentaccesscostmodelswithdynamicallyvaryingloadsandavailabilityconditions.Thismakertraditionalapproachestoworkloadmanagement,loadbalancingandschedulinginappropriate.Thefirstworkpackage(WP1)oftheEU-fundedDataGridprojectisadddressingtheissueofoptimzingthedistributionofjobsontoGridresourcesbasedonaknowledgeofthestatusandcharacteristicsoftheseresourcesthatisnecessarilyout-of-date(collectedinafiniteamonutoftimeataverylooselycoupledsite).WedescribetheDataGridapproachinintegratingexistingsoftwarecomponents(fromCondor,GGlobus,etc.)tobuildaGridResourceBroker,andtheearlyeffortstodefineaworkableschedulingstrategy.

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简介：Thispaperdiscussestheapplicationsofahybridmulti-agentframeworkforself-healingapplicationsinanintelligentsmartgridsystemfollowingcatastrophicdisturbancessuchaslossofgeneratorsorduringsystemfault.Theproposedhybridmulti-agentframeworkisahybridofbothcentralizedanddecentralizedschemetoallowdistributedintelligentagentinthesmartgridsystemtomakefastlocaldecisionwhileallowingtheslowercentralcontrollertojudgetheeffectivenessofthedecisionmadebythelocalagentsandtosuggestmoreoptimalsolutions.

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简介：Arightannualcycleisofcriticalimportanceforamodeltoimproveitsseasonalpredictionskill.ThisworkassessestheperformanceoftheGrid-pointAtmosphericModelofIAPLASG(GAMIL)inretrospectivepredictionoftheglobalprecipitationannualmodesforthe1980-2004period.Theannualmodesaregaugedbyathree-parametermetrics:thelong-termannualmeanandtwomajormodesofannualcycle(AC),namely,asolstitialmodeandanequinoctialasymmetricmode.TheresultsdemonstratethattheGAMILone-monthleadpredictionisbasicallyabletocapturethemajorpatternsofthelong-termannualmeanaswellasthefirstACmode(thesolstitialmonsoonmode).TheGAMILhasdeficienciesinreproducingthesecondACmode(theequinoctialasymmetricmode).ThemagnitudeoftheGAMILpredictiontendstobegreaterthantheobservedprecipitation,especiallyintheseaareasincludingtheArabianSea,theBayofBengal(BOB),andthewesternNorthPacific(WNP).Thesebiasesmaybeduetounderestimationoftheconvectiveactivitypredictedinthetropics,especiallyoverthewesternPacificwarmpool(WPWP)anditsneighboringareas.Itissuggestedthatamoreaccurateparameterizationofconvectioninthetropics,especiallyintheMaritimeContinent,theWPWPanditsneighboringareas,maybecriticalforreproducingthemorerealisticannualmodes,sincetheenhancementofconvectiveactivityovertheWPWPanditsvicinitycaninducesuppressedconvectionovertheWNP,theBOB,andtheSouthIndianOceanwheretheGAMILproducesfalselyvigorousconvections.MoreeffortsareneededtoimprovethesimulationnotonlyinmonsoonseasonsbutalsointransitionalseasonswhenthesecondACmodetakesplace.Selectionoftheone-tierorcoupledatmosphere-oceansystemmayalsoreducethesystematicerroroftheGAMILprediction.TheseresultsoffersomereferencesforimprovementoftheGAMILseasonalpredictionskill.

简介：为了避免处理零动力学限制，通过紧接的变换器由双向力量流动引进了一个二倍地喂的风发电机，一为格子方面变换器的新基于精力的建模和控制途径被介绍。在当模特儿的进程期间，格子方面变换器与反馈互联结构被划分成二个分系统，并且模型的交互矩阵考虑具体端口结构。然后，一个基于精力的控制器被建议基于新模型认识到格子方面控制目的。模拟研究在MATLAB/Simulink被执行。在比例积分的控制器和基于精力的控制器之间的比较结果证明一个人能更快获得的后者负担水流变化的集中率和全球稳定性。而且，当与随机的风在2MW风精力变换系统模仿了时，基于精力的控制器为格子方面控制也是能干的。

简介：Thispaperdiscussesadistributeddecisionprocedurefordeterminingtheelectricitypriceforareal-timeelectricitymarketinanenergymanagementsystem.ThepricedecisionalgorithmproposedinthispaperderivestheoptimalelectricitypricewhileconsideringtheconstraintsofalinearizedACpowergridmodel.Thealgorithmisbasedonthepowerdemand-supplybalanceandvoltagephasedifferencesinapowergrid.Inordertodeterminetheoptimalpricethatmaximizesthesocialwelfaredistributivelyandtoimprovetheconvergencespeedofthealgorithm,theproposedalgorithmupdatesthepricethroughthealternatingdecisionmakingofmarketparticipants.Inthispaper,weshowtheconvergenceofthepricederivedfromourproposedalgorithm.Furthermore,numericalsimulationresultsshowthattheproposeddynamicpricingmethodologyiseffectiveandthatthereisanimprovementintheconvergencespeed,ascomparedwiththeconventionalmethod.

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简介：Thethree-dimensionalNavier-Stokesequationsweresolvedwiththefractionalstepmethodwherethehydrostaticpressurecomponentwasdeterminedfirst,whilethenon-hydrostaticcomponentofthepressurewascomputedfromthepressurePoissonequationinwhichthecoefficientmatrixispositivedefiniteandsymmetric.Theeddyviscositywascalculatedfromtheefficientk-εturbulencemodel.TheresultingmodeliscomputationallyefficientandunrestrictedtotheCFLcondition.Computationswithandwithouthydrostaticapproximationwerecomparedforthesamecasestotestthevalidityoftheconventionalhydrostaticpressureassumption.Themodelwasverifiedagainstanalyticalsolutionsandexperimentaldata,withexcellentagreement.

简介：Thispaperpresentsthedesignandimplementationofanenergymanagementsystem(EMS)withwavelettransformandfuzzycontrolforaresidentialmicro-grid.Thehybridsysteminthispaperconsistsofawindturbinegenerator,photovoltaic(PV)panels,anelectricvehicle(EV),andasupercapacitor(SC),whichisabletoconnectordisconnecttothemaingrid.Thecontrolstrategyisresponsibleforcompensatingthedifferencebetweenthegeneratedpowerbythewindandsolargeneratorsandthedemandedpowerbytheloads.Wavelettransformdecomposesthepowerdifferenceintoasmoothedcomponentandafastfluctuatedcomponent.Thecommandapproachusedforfuzzylogicrulesconsidersthestateofcharging(SOC)ofEV,renewableproduction,andtheloaddemandasparameters.Furthermore,thecommandrulesaredevelopedinordertoensureareliablegridwhentakingintoaccounttheEVbatteryprotectiontodecidetheoutputpoweroftheEV.ThemodelofthehybridsystemisdevelopedindetailunderMatlab/Simulinksoftwareenvironment.

简介：Inthispaper,aseriesofmajorpolicydecisionsusedtoimprovethepowergridreliability,reducetheriskandlossesofmajorpoweroutages,andrealizethemodernizationof21stcenturypowergridarediscussed.ThesedecisionswereadoptedbyAmericangovernmentandwouldalsobehelpfulforthestrategicdevelopmentofChinesepowergrid.ItisproposedthatChinashouldtakeprecaution,carryoutsecurityresearchontheoveralldynamicbehaviourcharacteristicsoftheUHVgridusingthecomplexitytheo...

简介：Adaptivegridmethodsareestablishedasvaluablecomputationaltechniqueinapproximatingeffectivelythesolutionsofproblemswithboundaryorinteriorlayers.Inthispaper,wepresenttheanalysisofanupwindschemeforsingularlyperturbeddifferential-differenceequationonagridwhichisformedbyequidistributingarc-lengthmonitorfunction.Itisshownthatthediscretesolutionobtainedconvergesuniformlywithrespecttotheperturbationparameter.Numericalexperimentsillustrateinpracticetheresultofconvergenceprovedtheoretically.

简介：基于从一个电离房间的双格子分析导致的信号，在二个格子之间的电子飘移时间被决定，电子飘移速度被导出。波形digitizer被采用从电离房间的二个格子记录脉搏。电子飘移速度为Ar+CH4混合物的八不同比率作为减少的电场E/p的功能被测量。由分析这研究的试验性的数据，试验性的数据的自我一致性被完成，并且为在Ar+CH4混合物的任何比率的精明的电子飘移速度的公式被获得。

简介：Inthispaper,wefocusonthereal-timeinteractionsamongmultipleutilitycompaniesandmultipleusersandformulatereal-timepricing(RTP)asatwo-stageoptimizationproblem.Atthefirststage,basedoncostfunction,weproposeacontinuoussupplyfunctionbiddingmechanismtomodeltheutilitycompanies’profitmaximizationproblem,bywhichtheanalyticexpressionofelectricitypriceisfurtherderived.Atthesecondstage,consideringthatindividuallyoptimalsolutionmaynotbesociallyoptimal,weemployconvexoptimizationwithlinearconstraintstomodelthepriceanticipatingusers’dailypayoffmaximum.Substitutetheanalyticexpressionofelectricitypriceobtainedatthefirststageintotheoptimizationproblematthesecondstage.Usingcustomizedproximalpointalgorithm(C-PPA),theoptimizationproblematthesecondstageissolvedandelectricitypriceisobtainedaccordingly.WealsoprovetheexistenceanduniquenessoftheNashequilibriuminthementionedtwostageoptimizationandtheconvergenceofC-PPA.Inaddition,inordertomakethealgorithmmorepractical,astatisticalapproachisusedtoobtainthefunctionofpriceonlythroughonlineinformationexchange,insteadofsolvingitdirectly.TheproposedapproachoffersRTP,powerproductionandloadschedulingformultipleutilitycompaniesandmultipleusersinsmartgrid.Statisticalapproachhelpstoprotectthecompany’sprivacyandavoidtheinterferenceofrandomfactors,andC-PPAhasanadvantageoverLagrangianalgorithmbecausetheformerneednotobtaintheobjectionfunctionofthedualoptimizationproblembysolvinganoptimizationproblemwithparameters.Simulationresultsshowthattheproposedframeworkcansignificantlyreducepeaktimeloadingandefficientlybalancesystemenergydistribution.

简介：基于的一个格子和Green-Ampt(Grid-GA)散布了hydrologic物理模型为洪水模拟被开发并且在半潮湿、半干旱的盆预报。基于从数字举起模型(DEM)和Green-Ampt渗入方法提取的每个格子房间的地形学的信息，Grid-GA模型考虑水内容的再分配，并且由植被和根拦截组成，土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量，经由过量渗入机制的流量产生，流量集中，并且流动路由。土壤潮湿的下坡的再分配明确地在一个格子基础上被计算，并且沿着网络被考虑的河排水在流量路由以内在格子之中浇交换。建议模型和Xinanjiang模型在Luohe河里被用于上面的Lushi盆，黄河的一条支流，与为洪水模拟的4716km2的一个区域。结果证明两个模型在洪水模拟表演很好并且能被用于洪水在半潮湿、半干旱的区域预报。

简介：Powerindustryisoneofthekeyfieldsforenergyconservationandemissionsreduction(ECER)inChina.Inordertoachievethenation'soverallenergyconsumptiontargetandpollutantemissiontargetsetbythe11thFive-YearPlan,tobuildtheresource-conservationandenvironment-friendlysocietyduringthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod(2006-2010),itiscrucialtoimplementthepolicyof"Large(units)InandSmall(units)Out(LISO)"(i.e.,replacingsmallunitswithlargeones)andacceleratetheretir...