简介:摘要目的探讨细节管理在护理管理中的实施方法及应用价值。方法自2011年实施细节管理后,随机抽取我院四个科室的860例住院患者作为观察组,随机抽取2010年未实施细节管理前我院四个科室的840例住院患者作为对照组。比较两组患者并发症发生率、护理差错发生率、护患纠纷发生率及护患关系满意度。结果观察组并发症发生率、护理差错发生率、护患纠纷发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);护患关系满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在护理管理中实施细节管理,有助于降低并发症发生率、护理差错发生率及护理纠纷发生率,提高护患关系满意度,有效提升护理安全及护理质量,是一种行之有效的护理管理方法。
简介:摘要本文从城市规划设计、管理与建筑设计的关系论述中,阐述了城市规划设计是对城市建设具有指导性、控制性的设计阶段,建筑设计要服从城市规划设计,提出城市规划执行的关键在决策者的水平。
简介:Currently,thedesignpracticeofhighwaybridgesaroundtheworldaremovingtowardslimitstatesdesign,areliability-baseddesignprocedure.CanadianHighwayBridgeDesignCode(CHBDC)isthefirstdesigncodeentirelydevelopedbasedonlimitstatesdesignphilosophy,includingfoundationsandFRPcomponents.However,reliabilityofastructuredecreasesinserviceduetoenvironmentalattacksandmaterialdeteriorationsuchasfatigue,corrosionandmanyotherreasons.Therefore,thestructureshouldbeinspectedperiodically,andthereliabilityofthestructureshouldbeevaluatedaccordingtoitsageandfielddata.Ifitsreliabilityisreducedtoacertainlevel,arepairshouldbescheduledaswellassomepreventivemaintenancemeasuresshouldbeimplementedtopreventfurtherdeterioration.Recently,manyresearchworkshavebeenconductedtoinvestigatereliability-deteriorationmechanismsforeachtypeofinfrastructureanditscomponents,optimizetheinspectionandmaintenancestrategy,predictremainingservicelife,estimateitslifecyclecost.Thispaperisfocusedonthestudyofreliability-deteriorationmechanismsofslabonsteelgirderbridgesduetofatigueandcorrosionofsteelgirdersaswellascorrosionofreinforcementinthedeckslab.Exampleswillalsobegiventoillustratetheproposedlifecyclemanagementstrategyforcompositeslabonsteelgirderbridges.