简介：Theisolation,cultureandtheactivedeterminationofpoplaricenucleationactive(INA)bacteriaandtheinoculationtestsinlaboratoryandfieldwereconducted,andthevarieties,distributionandnumberofpoplarINAbacteriaanditspathogenicityandfreezinginjurypropertyweredetermined.ThestudyresultsshowedthattheINAbacteriawidelyspreadonpoplarinNortheastChinaandcausedthefrozeninjuryforpoplarunderthefrostconditioninSpringorAutumn,whichwasthekeyfactortoinduceINAbacterialcanker.Throughevaluationandinvestigationofdifferentpoplarvarietiesandinoculationtests,finedisease-resistantvarietiesandstrainsofpoplarsuitableforNortheastChinawereselected.Furthertestsforstrongseedlingshowedthatburyingcuttingsinsandandcoveringwithplasticfilmcouldeffectivelyavoidthefrostbite,frozenanddroughtdamage,reduceINAbacteriainfection,andpromotepoplargrowth.INAbacterialcankerwasdetectedearlybyhighlyspecializedantiserumsofINAbacteriaandtheagglutinatedtestofring-shapedboundarysurface.Theinducerssuchasstreptomycin,phenylmercuricacetae,salicylicacidandheat-killedbacteriatoimmersecuttings,haveobviousinduceddisease-resistanteffect.Beforepoplarsproutedinearlyspring,throughsprayingthesolutionoffrostbiteagent,thecontroleffectalsowasobvious.

简介：PCR-DGGEapproachwasusedtoanalyzebacterialdiversityinthebottomsectionofsevenarcticseaicesamplescolletedfromtheCanadaBasin.Thirty-two16SrDNAsequenceswereobtainedfromprominentDGGEbands.Theclosestrelativesofthesesequencesarefoundtobethoseofcultivatedorunculturedbacteriafromantarcticorarcticseaice.Phylogeneticanalysisclusteredthesesequencesorphylotypeswithinα-proteobacteria,γ-proteobacteriaandCFB(cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides)group.Sequencesbelongingtoγ-proteobacteriaweredominantandmembersoftheCFBgroupwerehighlyabundant.ItwassuggestedthattheCFBgroupwastherepresentativeofthebottomsectionofseaicesamples.

简介：Basedonaseriesofexperimentsunderbothice-coveredandfreesurfaceconditions,thepresentarticlediscussestheroleofflowvelocityandcriticalshearReynoldsnumberforincipientmotionofbedmaterial.Theinfluenceoftheresistancecoefficientsofboththeundersideoftheicecoverandthechannelbedonthelocationofthemaximumvelocityhasbeendiscussed.Inaddition,theimpactsoficeandcompositeresistancecoefficientsonflowvelocityforincipientmotionofbedmaterialhavebeenassessed.ThediagramdescribingthecriticalshearReynoldsnumberandthedimensionlessshearstressfortheincipientmotionofsedimentundericecoveredconditionswithdifferentundercoverresistancecoefficienthasbeenestablished.TheeffectsofgrainsizeondensimetricFroudenumberforincipientmotionofbedmaterialhavebeeninvestigated.ArelationshipbetweenthedensimetricFroudenumberforincipientmotionofbedmaterialandthemediangrainsizeofbedmaterialaswellastheroughnesscoefficientofchannelbedandroughnesscoefficientoficecoverhasbeenestablished.

简介：本地人在桥牌附近搜索桥墩是一个活跃研究话题许多十年了。但是很少的研究在本地人上关于冰盖子的影响被进行了在桥桥墩附近搜索现象。盖住的斜槽试验的一系列冰在这研究被进行。在本地人的类型搜索的不同桥墩的形状因素被比较。在冰盖子下面，为半圆形的桥墩的形状因素从0.66∼0.71。三不同不一致的沉积与D500.58公里，0.50公里，和0.47公里的s分别地。冰的二种类型盖住，也就是光滑、不平的盖子，被创造在桥墩附近模仿冰盖子的影响。最大搜索深度在不同条件下面被分析。scour洞的轮廓被阴谋在桥桥墩附近显示出床形态学和沉积免职。在最大值之间的一种实验关系搜索深度，densimetric弗鲁德数字和沉积尺寸被开发。

简介：水质基准研究主要是基于物种的实验室测试的毒性数据开展的.对于一些毒性数据相对缺乏的化学品,水质基准研究就会受到一定的影响.本文从水质基准研究方法的角度,阐述了种间关系预测（ICE）的基本原理和基本方法,系统介绍了ICE模型的毒性预测方法在水质基准研究中的应用,并通过锌的ICE案例研究证明了模型在中国的可利用性.同时,对ICE模型的不确定性和适用性进行了分析.最后,对ICE模型存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了探索和展望.

简介：Weidentifythattheprojecteduncertaintyofthepan-Arcticsea-iceconcentration（SIC）isstronglycoupledwiththeEurasiancirculationintheborealwinter（December-March;DJFM）,basedonasingularvaluedecomposition（SVD）analysisoftheforcedresponseof11CMIP5models.Inthemodelsshowingastrongersea-icedecline,thePolarcellbecomesweakerandthereisananomalousincreaseinthesealevelpressure（SLP）along60°N,includingtheUrals-SiberiaregionandtheIcelandlowregion.ThereisanaccompanyingweakeningofboththemidlatitudewesterlywindsandtheFerrellcell,wheretheSVDsignalsarealsorelatedtoanomalousseasurfacetemperaturewarminginthemidlatitudeNorthAtlantic.IntheMediterraneanregion,theanomalouscirculationresponseshowsadecreasingSLPandincreasingprecipitation.TheanomalousSLPresponsesovertheEuro-AtlanticregionprojectontothenegativeNorthAtlanticOscillation-likepattern.Altogether,pan-ArcticSICdeclinecouldstronglyimpactthewinterEurasianclimate,butweshouldbecautiousaboutthecausalityoftheirlinkage.

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简介：Anewviscoelastic-plastic(VEP)constitutivemodelforseaicedynamicswasdevelopedbasedoncontinuummechanics.Thismodelconsistsoffourcomponents:Kelvin-Vogitviscoelasticmodel,Mohr-Coulombyieldingcriterion,associatednormalityflowruleforplasticrehololgy,andhydrostaticpressure.Thenumericalsimulationsforicemotioninanidealizedrectangularbasinweremadeusingsmoothedparticlehydrodynamics(SPH)method,andcomparedwiththeanalyticalsolutionaswellasthosebasedonthemodifiedviscousplastic(VP)modelandstaticicejamtheory.ThesesimulationsshowthatthenewVEPmodelcansimulateicedynamicsaccurately.ThenewconstitutivemodelwasfurtherappliedtosimulateicedynamicsoftheBohaiSeaandcomparedwiththetraditionalVP,andmodifiedVPmodels.TheresultsoftheVEPmodelarecomparedbetterwiththesatelliteremoteimages,andthesimulatediceconditionsintheJZ20-2oilplatformareaweremorereasonable.

简介：摘要对于配网自动化主站系统具有分布式结构，服务比较多并且系统十分复杂的特点，制定了基于ICE中间件的配网自动化主站分布式管理框架。因此，本文针对配网自动化主站中ICE的应用做出了进一步探究，对ICE技术、ICE技术实现配网主站的分布式管理给出了详细的分析。

简介：MouserElectronics即日起开始供应莱迪思半导体（LatticeSemiconductor）的iCE40HX系列MobileFPGA产品。此系列产品针对平板电脑应用开发,功率超低、运算速度比iCE65系列快80%。LatticeSemiconductor的iCE40HX系列超低功率MobileFPGA产品提供高效能,并运用已进入量产的40nm、低功率CMOS技术,为平板电脑与智慧型手机等行动通讯应用提供弹性化设计。此高效能系列产品为平板电脑提供HD解析度的视讯与影像、

简介：湖冰物候学，即预定冰冻期和分散和冰盖子的持续时间，在地区性的气候被认为是变化的重要指示物。基于湖，包括MODIS的一些中等高度的分辨率遥感数据集和LandsatTM/ETM+图象的边界数据和气象学的数据，在HohXil区域的湖冰物候学的空间时间的变化在时期期间，20002011被使用RS和GIS技术分析。并且影响湖冰物候学的因素也被识别。一些结论能如下被得出。(1)冰冻期开始(FUS)和湖冰的冰冻期结束(FUE)的时间出现了在迟了Octoberearly11月，mid-Novemberearly12月分别地。湖冰冰冻期的持续时间是大约半个月。分散开始(公共汽车)和湖冰的分散结束(BUE)的时间相对被驱散，并且出现在早Februaryearly6月，早Mayearly6月分别地。平均的冰持续时间(标志)和湖的完全的冰持续时间(首领)分别地是196天和181天。(2)在HohXil区域的湖冰的物候学在最后10年里戏剧性地变化了。明确地，湖冰的FUS和FUE时间显示出一个逐渐地推迟的趋势。相反，公共汽车和湖冰的BUE时间介绍了进展。这导致了湖的标志和首领的减小。一般水准分别地标志和首领were2.21d／aand1.91d／a评价。(3)物候学的变化和湖冰的进化是本地、气候的因素的结果。海岸线的温度，湖区域，咸度和形状是影响湖冰的物候学的主要因素。然而，象热能力那样的另外的因素和湖的地质的结构不应该也被忽略。(4)湖冰冰冻期的空间过程与它的分散过程相反。从湖岸的一个方面延长到相反的方面的湖冰的类型是在HohXil区域的大多数。

简介：Theinterannuatatmosphere-ocean-seaiceinteraction(AOSI)inhighnorthernlatitudesisstudiedwithaglobalatmosphere-ocean-seaicecoupledmodelsystem,inwhichthemodelcomponentsofatmosphereandlandsurfacearefromChinaNationalClimateCenterandthatofoceanandseaicearefromLASG,InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences.Adailyfluxanomalycorrectionschemeisemployedtocoupletheatmospheremodelandtheoceanmodelwiththeeffectofiahomogenityofseaiceinhighlatitudesisconsidered.Thecoupledmodelsystemhasbeenrunfor50yrandtheresultsofthelast30yearsareanalyzed.Afterthesealevelpressure(SLP),surfaceairtemperature(SAT),seasurfacetemperature(SST),seaiceconcentration(SIC),andseasurfacesensibleheatflux(SHF)arefilteredwithadigitalfilterfirstly,theirnormalizedanomaliesareusedtoperformthedecompositionofcombinedcomplexempiricalorthogonalfunction(CCEOF)andthentheyarereconstructedwiththeleadingmode.Theatmosphere-ocean-seaiceinteractionsinhighnorthernlatitudesduringaperiodicalcycle(approximately4yr)areanalyzed.Itisshownthat:(1)WhentheNorthAtlanticOscillation(NAO)isinitspositivephase,thesoutherlyanomalyappearsintheGreenlandSea,SATincreases,thesealoseslessSHF,SSTincreasesandSICdecreasesaccordingly;whentheNAOisinitsnegativephase,thenortherlyanomalyappearsintheGreenlandSea,SATdecreases,thesealosesmoreSHF,SSTdecreasesandSICincreasesaccordingly.TherearesimilarfeaturesintheBarentsSea,butthephaseofevolutionintheBarentsSeaisdifferentfromthatintheGreenlandSea.(2)Foranaverageofmulti-years,thereisacoldcenterintheinnerpartoftheArcticOceanneartheNorthPole.Whenthereisananomalyoflowpressure,whichisclosertothePacificOcean,intheinnerpartoftheArcticOcean,anomaliesofwarmadveetionappearintheregionnearthePacificOceanandanomaliesofcoldadvectionappearintheregionneartheAtlanticOcean.A

简介：Duetothedemandofdataprocessingforpolariceradarinourlaboratory,aCurveletThresholdingNeuralNetwork(TNN)noisereductionmethodisproposed,andanewthresholdfunctionwithinfinite-ordercontinuousderivativeisconstructed.ThemethodisbasedonTNNmodel.InthelearningprocessofTNN,thegradientdescentmethodisadoptedtosolvetheadaptiveoptimalthresholdsofdifferentscalesanddirectionsinCurveletdomain,andtoachieveanoptimalmeansquareerrorperformance.Inthispaper,thespecificimplementationstepsarepresented,andthesuperiorityofthismethodisverifiedbysimulation.Finally,theproposedmethodisusedtoprocesstheiceradardataobtainedduringthe28thChineseNationalAntarcticResearchExpeditionintheregionofZhongshanStation,Antarctica.Experimentalresultsshowthattheproposedmethodcanreducethenoiseeffectively,whilepreservingtheedgeoftheicelayers.

简介：Icenucleatingparticle（INP）measurementsweremadeattwohigh-altitudestationsinIndia.AerosolscollectedonfilterpaperatGirawaliObservatory,InterUniversityCenterforAstronomy&Astrophysics（IGO）,andattheRadioAstronomyCenter,Ooty（RAC）,wereactivatedindepositionmodeusingathermalgradientdiffusionchambertodeterminetheINPconcentrations.ThemeasurementcampaignsatIGOwereconductedduring2011,2013and2014,andatRACduring2013and2014.Whentheaerosolsampleswereexposedtoanicesupersaturationofbetween5%and23%inthetemperaturerange-17.6?Cto-22?C,themaximumINPnumberconcentrationatIGOandRACwas1.0L-1and1.6L-1,respectively.Amaximumcorrelationcoefficientof0.76wasobservedbetweentheINPnumberconcentrationandicesupersaturation.TheairmasstrajectoriesanalyzedforthemeasurementcampaignsshowedthattheArabianDesertandaridregionswerethemainINPcontributors.ElementalanalysisofparticlesshowedthepresenceofNa,Cl,Si,Al,Fe,Cu,Co,Cd,S,MnandK,aswellassomerare-EarthelementslikeMo,Ru,La,Ce,VandZr.Whenaerosolsinthesizerange0.5–20μmwereconsidered,thefractionthatactedasINPswas1:104to1:106atIGO,and1:103to1:104atRAC.ThehigherratioofINPstoaerosolsatRACthanIGOmaybeattributabletothepresenceofrare-EarthelementsobservedintheaerosolsamplesatRAC,whichwereabsentatIGO.

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简介：来自SensoryAnalytics公司的全新SpecMetrix同步薄膜测量系统，凭借其可以在生产过程中更加精准的测量涂层及薄膜厚度的独家功能，成为了涂覆薄膜与铝箔、软包装及柔性电子行业中最有影响力的技术之一，获得本届ICEASIA2014展会的创新奖。

简介：ThisstudycomparestheimpactsofinterannualArcticseaicelossandENSOeventsonwinterhazedaysinmainlandChinathroughobservationalanalysesandAGCMsensitivityexperiments.Theresultssuggestthat(1)Arcticseaicelossfavorsanincreaseinhazedaysincentral–easternChina;(2)theimpactofENSOisoverallcontainedwithinsouthernChina,withincreased(reduced)hazedaysduringLaNi?a(ElNi?o)winters;and(3)theimpactsfromseaicelossandENSOarelinearlyadditive.Mechanistically,Arcticseaicelosscausesquasi-barotropicpositiveheightanomaliesovertheregionfromnorthernEuropetotheUralMountains(Uralsinbrief)andweakandnegativeheightanomaliesovertheregionfromcentralAsiatonortheasternAsia.TheformerfavorsintensifiedfrequencyoftheblockingovertheregionsfromnorthernEuropetotheUrals,whereasthelatterfavorsanevenairpressuredistributionoverSiberia,Mongolia,andEastAsia.Thislarge-scalecirculationpatternfavorsmorefrequentoccurrenceofcalmandsteadyweatherinnorthernChinaand,asaconsequence,increasedoccurrenceofhazedays.Incomparison,LaNi?a(ElNi?o)exertsitsinfluencealongatropicalpathwaybyinducingacyclonic(anticyclonic)lower-troposphericatmosphericcirculationresponseoverthesubtropicalnorthwesternPacific.Thenortheasterly(southwesterly)anomalyatthenorthwesternrearofthecyclone(anticyclone)causesreduced(intensified)rainfalloversoutheasternChina,whichfavorsincreased(reduced)occurrenceofhazedaysthroughtherain-washingeffect.

简介：最后冰川的消失，为在场的理解的一个关键时期和未来气候变化，长是为palaeoclimatological学习的热话题。Qinghai西藏的高原(QTP)经常是为理解半球，或甚至全球的环境变化的一个目标学习区域。QTP上的冰川的地形为它的气候变化提供一个唯一的观点。以便在QTP和它的地区性的关联调查最后冰川的消失的发作，陆上的cosmogenic核种(TCN)10并且26标明日期的艾尔表面暴露被选择注明日期rochemoutonnée，擦亮的表面和在palaeo-Daocheng冰定位的冰碛碎片盖住(p-DIC)，东南的QTP。我们的结果证明最后冰川的消失的发作在大约19ka，由在p-DIC区域发生在15ka附近的另一个温暖的事件列在后面。这些timings与另外的记录同意很好，在大约15ka例如有在19ka和Bølling的发作的快速的海水平上升的等价物温暖事件。因此，我们的新数据能提供好在QTP在气候进化上揭示限制。

简介：可扩展性差、可重用性低、局限使用一种编程语言开发、单机等是常见的ECT／CT软件的缺点。本文介绍一种基于InternetCommunicationsEngine（ICE）的分布式ECT／CT仿真平台的软件设计和实现方法。这一基于ICE的软件设计使其具有高度的可扩展性与重用性、支持多编程语言开发和分布式部署的特点，很好地解决了常规平台的一些局限。分布式计算的高性能优势也优化了系统对计算机资源的利用，从而提高了系统算法的运算效率。