简介：目的探讨小鼠脑室管膜bcl-2和caspase-3在低氧预适应中的表达变化。方法将Blb／c近交系小鼠随机分为空白对照组（H0组）、低氧对照组（H1组）和低氧预适应组（H4组）。用免疫荧光和激光共聚焦显微镜等技术，测定bcl-2和caspase-3表达的荧光强度。结果H1和H4组的bcl-2表达均显著高于H0组，其中H4组又显著高于H1组。H1和H4组caspase-3的表达显著高于H0组，H4组显著低于H1组。结论低氧预适应过程中，小鼠脑室管膜区通过bcl-2的高表达和caspase-3的低表达，抵御室管膜细胞凋亡，参与脑保护机制。

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简介：BACKGROUND:Drugaddictioninvolvestwomaincentralnervoussystems,namelythedopamineandnoradrenalinesystems.Thesesystemsareprimarilydistributedinfivebrainregions:theventraltegmentalarea,thenucleusaccumbens,theprefrontalcortex,thehippocampus,andthelocuscoeruleus.OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigateregionalchangesofguaninenucleotidebindingprotein-inhabitant2(Gi2)indopaminergicandnoradrenergicneuronsinbrainsofmorphine-tolerantand-dependentrats.DESIGN,TIME,ANDSETTING:ArandomizedcontrolstudywasperformedattheDepartmentofNeu-robiologyintheSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversityofChinesePLA(Shanghai,China)betweenSeptember2002andMarch2004.MATERIALS:Thirty-six,healthy,male,Sprague-Dawley(SD)ratswereusedtoestablishmorphine-dependentmodels.MorphinehydrochloridewasaproductofShenyangFirstPharmaceuticalFactory(China);naloxonehydrochloridewasaproductofBeijingFour-RingPharmaceuticalFactory(China);andαsubunitofGi2antibodywasofferedbySantaCruzBiotechnology,Inc(USA).METHODS:Thirty-sixSDratswererandomlydividedintosixgroups(n=6):(1)acutemor-phine-dependentgroup,(2)acuteabstinentgroup,(3)acutecontrolgroup,(4)chronicmorphine-dependentgroup,(5)chronicabstinentgroup,and(6)chroniccontrolgroup.Ratsintheacutemorphine-dependentandtheacutegroupswereinjectedwithmorphine(5mg/kg),oneinjectioneverytwohours,foratotalofeightinjections.Intheacuteandchronicmorphine-dependentratmodels,morphinewithdrawalsyndromewasprecipitatedbyaninjectionofnaloxone(5mg/kg).Ratsintheacutecontrolgroupweregivenaperitonealinjectionofphysiologicalsalineatthesameadministrationtimeastheabovetwogroups.Ratsinthechronicmorphine-dependentandchronicabstinentgroupswereinjectedwithmorphinethreetimesperday.Theadministrationdoseonday1wasinitially5mg/kgat20:00,whichincreasedby5mg/kgat8:00,12:00,and20:00untilday7.Onday

简介：BACKGROUND:Calciumion(Ca2+)overloadplaysanimportantroleincerebralischemia/reperfusioninjury.Anisodamine,atypeofalkaloid,canprotectthemyocardiumfromischemiaandreperfusioninjurybyinhibitingintracellularcalcium[Ca2+]ioverload.OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigateeffectsofanisodamineon[Ca2+]iconcentrationandcortexultrastructurefol-lowingacutecerebralischemia/reperfusioninrabbits.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:RandomizedandcontrolledtrialwasperformedattheDepartmentofEmergency,TongjiHospital,TongjiMedicalCollegeofHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyfromSeptembertoDecember2006.MATERIALS:Fortyhealthyrabbitswereusedtoestablishmodelsofacutecerebralischemia/reperfusion.AnisodaminewasprovidedbyLianyungangDongfengPharmaceuticalFactory;Fura-2waspurchasedfromNanjingJianchengBioengineeringInstitute;dual-wavelengthfluorescentspectrophotometrysystemandDM-300softwarewereprovidedbyBio-Rad,USA;OPTON-EM10CtransmissionelectronmicroscopewasproductofSiemens,Germany.METHODS:Fortyrabbitswererandomlydividedintothefollowinggroups:shamoperation,ischemia,ischemia/reperfusion,andanisodamine,withtenrabbitsineachgroup.Modelsofcompletecerebralischemiainjurywereestablished.Inaddition,bloodwascollectedfromthefemoralarteryofratsintheischemia/reperfusionandanisodaminegroupstoinducehypotensionandestablishreperfusioninjurymodels.Thebilateralcommoncarotidarteryclampwasremovedfromtheanisodaminegroup20minutesafterischemia,andanisodamine(10mg/kgbodymass)wasinjectedviathefemoralvein.Rabbitsintheshamoperationgroupunderwentonlyvenouscannulation.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:[Ca2+]iconcentrationwasdeterminedusingadual-wavelengthfluorescentspectrophotometrysystem,andcorticalultrastructurewasobservedfollowinguranyl-leadcitratestaining.RESULTS:Thelevelsof[Ca2+]iintheischemiaandischemia/reperfusiongroupsweresignificantlyin-creased,c

简介：目的探讨重T2加权灰阶反转成像检查对大垂体腺瘤及其周围结构的显示作用。方法对15例术前有视力障碍的垂体瘤病人行重T2加权灰阶反转成像及常规T1加权成像，前者TR／TE为5800ms／259ms，后者为600ms／20ms；层厚3mm。结果重T2加权灰阶反转成像可清晰显示肿瘤与终板、前连合及前交通动脉丛的空间关系；其视神经、视交叉和视束的检测率分别为93.3％、100％和86．7％，而在T1加权成像中则分别为66．7％、93．3％和66．7％，前者对视路的检测率显著性高于后者。结论重T2加权灰阶反转成像可清楚显示垂体大腺瘤与视路的位置关系，有助于垂体瘤经颅手术的术前策略制定。

简介：1病历摘要病例1：女,49岁。因右侧面部发作性不自主抽搐伴双侧耳鸣6年余,加重6个月入院。耳鸣为机器样隆隆声,持续性。MRI显示小脑前下动脉分支与面神经、前庭蜗神经伴行。经小脑脑桥裂上、下支入路行显微血管减压,术中情况见图1。术后面肌抽搐与右侧耳鸣均立即消失,左侧耳鸣无变化。随访5个月无复发。病例2：女,35岁。因右侧面部发作性不自主抽搐伴右侧耳鸣3年,加重2个月入院。耳鸣呈擂鼓样,与抽搐基本同步。

简介：目的探讨Onyx胶联合弹簧圈栓塞颈内动脉眼动脉段大动脉瘤的方法及经验。方法2例皆为颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤,采用Onyx胶联合弹簧圈栓塞技术治疗动脉瘤。结果2例动脉瘤均得到致密栓塞,载瘤动脉通畅,临床随访3个月,病人恢复良好;行DSA复查1例,CTA复查1例,均提示动脉瘤栓塞稳定,未见复发。结论应用Onyx胶栓塞动脉瘤,短期内是安全、有效的,能极大降低治疗费用,长期疗效仍需观察。

简介：目的研究ＴＮＦ－α对胶质瘤细胞的抑制作用及其对Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达的影响。方法应用细胞计数法和ＭＴＴ法研究经ＴＮＦ－α处理的大鼠Ｃ６胶质瘤细胞的生长和增殖活性，研究了细胞的形态学变化及及用免疫细胞化学方法检测ＰＣＮＡ（增殖细胞核抗原）和Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达。结果ＴＮＦ－α对体外培养Ｃ６胶质瘤细胞生长和增殖具有呈时间和剂量依赖性的抑制作用，下调ＰＣＮＡ的表达，并诱导细胞凋亡，但对抑调亡蛋白Ｂｃｌ－

简介：目的研究阻滞弥漫性脑损伤急性期ERKI／2信号通路过度激活对星形胶质细胞反应的影响。方法制作大鼠外伤性弥漫性脑损伤模型，打击损伤前30min自尾静脉注射U0126。Westemblot法检测损伤脑皮层pERKl／2表达水平，免疫组化染色法检测pERKl／2和GFAP在损伤脑组织中的表达。结果pERKl／2表达在损伤后迅速、显著升高，5min为表达高峰，其后下降，但直到损伤后72h都有高水平表达，至7d下降至基础水平。损伤后各个时间点，U0126组pERKl／2水平较DBI组明显降低（P〈0．05）。U0126组与DBI组比较，12～72h各时间点GFAP阳性细胞平均光密度值降低（P〈0.05）。结论弥漫性脑损伤诱导了强烈的ERKl／2信号通路激活和星形胶质细胞反应。U0126能够剂量依赖性抑制GFAP的表达，抑制急性期星形胶质细胞反应。

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简介：目的：通过监护仪所示的呼吸率、心率和血氧饱和度（SpO2）参数探索肺源性心脏病病理生理变化的昼夜生物节律特征。方法,15例样本均符合肺源性心脏病诊断标准,其中男12例,女4例,平均年龄68岁,设置6个时点：0点、4点、8点、12点、16点、20点,从24h监护仪中获取呼吸率（次数）、心率（次数）和SpO2（百分率）的监测数据,分项输入余弦法程序进行生物节律分析。结果：在所观测的15个病例中,呼吸率9例和心率10例的峰值相位位于356.89°--84.50°（23点44分-4点36分）,其中5例其中5例P〈0.05,提示有显著生物节律特征。SpO2的峰值相位,12例位于-130.60°--310.16°（8点20-20点20分）,其中5例P〈0.05,提示有显著生物节律特征。结论：肺源性心脏病例的呼吸率和心率夜间明显快于白天,SpO2明显夜间低于白天,提示该病的病理生理具有昼夜生物节律特征。

简介：难治性精神分裂症,是精神科难题之一.试用氯氮平并卡马西平治疗2例此类病人获得良效,现报道如下.

简介：目的:探讨合并睡眠障碍的2型糖尿病患者在干预过程中采用短期胰岛素强化治疗方案对血糖水平和预后的影响。方法:选取2017年7月至2018年7月新疆医科大学附属医院收治的2型糖尿病合并睡眠障碍的患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。对照组采用常规降糖治疗方案,观察组采用短期胰岛素强化治疗方案。对血糖水平、睡眠质量评分展开比较。结果:2组治疗前,经测定空腹及餐后2h血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后检测值均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后睡眠质量各维度日间功能、睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、睡眠效率、入睡时间评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病合并睡眠障碍的患者,在干预过程中,应和短期胰岛素强化治疗方案,可有效稳定血糖水平,增强睡眠质量。

简介：目的探讨氧增强放疗对胶质瘤凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax影响的差异.方法建立大鼠胶质瘤动物模型,治疗组10只,高压氧处理后放疗;对照组10只,常规放疗.免疫组化检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax的表达.结果治疗组Bcl-2表达明显低于对照组,组间差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;治疗组Bax的表达明显高于对照组,组间差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论氧增强放疗可以更有效地抑制Bcl-2、增加Bax的表达.

简介：目的探讨亚低温治疗对颅脑损伤后Calpain、MAP-2基因和蛋白表达的影响。方法将54只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（n=6）、常温脑损伤组（n=24）和亚低温脑损伤组（n=24）。亚低温脑损伤组在液压打击伤后即接受持续4h的亚低温治疗。伤后6h、12h、24h和72h4个时间点分别处死3只常温脑损伤组和亚低温脑损伤组大鼠。荧光PCR、Westernblot半定量检测皮质Calpain及MAP-2基因转录和蛋白的表达。结果颅脑损伤后12h及24h亚低温使CalpainmRNA表达增加（P〈0．05），伤后6h、12h、24h和72h亚低温均可减少Calpain蛋白的升高，伤后12h及72h尤其显著（P〈0．05）。与假手术组比较，常温脑损伤组和亚低温脑损伤组MAP-2基因转录均减少（P〈0．05）；与常温脑损伤组比较，伤后6h、12h和24h亚低温可抑制MAP-2基因转录的下调，但亚低温脑损伤组MAP-2蛋白的表达均比同时间点常温组低（P〈0.05）。结论颅脑损伤后亚低温治疗的脑保护机制可能与调节Calpain蛋白的表达有关，而亚低温与MAP-2的关系还有待进一步研究。

简介：Heatshockprotein70(HSP70)maintainsCa~(2+)homeostasisinPC12cells,whichmayprotectagainstapoptosis;however,themechanismsofneuroprotectionareunclear.Therefore,inthisstudy,weexaminedCa~(2+)levelsinPC12cellstransfectedwithanexogenouslentiviralHSP70geneexpressionconstruct,andwesubsequentlysubjectedthecellstoischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenationinjury.HSP70overexpressionincreasedneuronalviabilityandATPaseactivity,anditdecreasedcellularreactiveoxygenspecieslevelsandintracellularCa~(2+)concentrationafterhypoxia/reoxygenation.HSP70overexpressionenhancedtheproteinandmRNAexpressionlevelsofsarcoplasmic/endoplasmicreticulumCa~(2+)-ATPase(SERCA),butitdecreasedtheproteinandmRNAlevelsofinositol1,4,5-trisphosphatereceptor(IP3R),therebyleadingtodecreasedintracellularCa~(2+)concentrationafterischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation.TheseresultssuggestthatexogenousHSP70protectsagainstischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenationinjury,atleastinpart,bymaintainingcellularCa~(2+)homeostasis,byupregulatingSERCAexpressionandbydownregulatingIP_3Rexpression.

简介：Thestudyaimstoconfirmtheneuroregenerativeeffectsofbacterialmelanin(BM)oncentralnervoussysteminjuryusingaspecialstainingmethodbasedonthedetectionofCa~(2+)-dependentacidphosphataseactivity.Twenty-fourratswererandomlyassignedtoundergoeitherunilateraldestructionofsensorimotorcortex(groupI;n=12)orunilateralrubrospinaltracttransectionatthecervicallevel(C3–4)(groupⅡ;n=12).Ineachgroup,sixratswererandomlyselectedaftersurgerytoundergointramuscularinjectionofBMsolution(BMsubgroup)andtheremainingsixratswereintramuscularlyinjectedwithsaline(salinesubgroup).NeurologicaltestingconfirmedthatBMacceleratedtherecoveryofmotorfunctioninratsfrombothBMandsalinesubgroups.Twomonthsaftersurgery,Ca~(2+)-dependentacidphosphataseactivitydetectionincombinationwithChilingarian'scalciumadenosidetriphosphatemethodrevealedthatBMstimulatedthesproutingoffibersanddilatedthecapillariesinthebrainandspinalcord.TheseresultssuggestthatBMcanpromotetherecoveryofmotorfunctionofratswithcentralnervoussysteminjury;anddetectionofCa~(2+)-dependentacidphosphataseactivityisafastandeasymethodusedtostudytheregeneration-promotingeffectsofBMontheinjuredcentralnervoussystem.

简介：Intraperitonealinjectionofrecombinanthumaninterleukin-2(rhIL-2)inhibitsneuronalapoptosisinthechronicocularhypertensionretinalganglioncelllayer.IntravitreousinjectionwasperformedonretinalganglioncellsinaWistarratmodelofchronicallyelevatedintraocularpressuretoobservetheeffectsofLY294002andAG490onretinalganglioncellsurvival,macrophageactivation,andPI3K/AktandJAK/STATactivation.ThenumberofretinalganglioncellsintherhIL-2treatmentgroupwasmuchgreaterthaninthenormalcontrolandphosphate-bufferedsalinegroups.WesternblotanalysisrevealedlowAktandSTAT3proteinexpressionintheretinaafter3-hourintravitreousinjectionsofrhIL-2.However,proteinexpressionwasincreasedat12hours,butdecreasedagainat24hours,withverylowexpressionat96hours.LY294002andAG490,whichareinhibitorsofthePI3K/AktandJAK/STAT3signalpathways,preventedupregulationofAktandSTAT3proteinexpressionintheretina,respectively.IntravitreousinjectionofrhIL-2exhibitedneuroprotectiveeffectsbydecreasingretinalganglioncelllayerdamageinaratmodelofchronicglaucoma.TheseresultssuggestthatintravitrealinjectionofrhIL-2couldinducethePI3K/AktandJAK/STAT3signalingpathwaystoprotectretinalganglioncellsinchronicallyelevatedintraocularpressuremodels.

简介：本文主要阐述了阿尔茨海默病特征和发病机制,2型DM与阿尔茨海默病、高胆固醇血症与阿尔茨海默病、2型DM与高胆固醇血症之间的相互关系。

简介：目的通过检测短暂性脑缺血发作（transientisehemiaattach，TIA）患者血清血清超敏C反应蛋白（highsensitiveC-reactiveprotein，hs-CRP）水平，研究hs—CRP与ABCD2评分的相关性来探讨炎症反应与TIA预后的关系。方法回顾性分析以2009年最新TIA定义为诊断标准的TIA患者70例，根据ABCD2评分进行危险分级，比较各级患者血清hs-CRP平均水平的差异。结果低危组（0～3分）、中危组（4～5分）分别与高危组（6～7分）hs—CEP水平有统计学差异（P〈O．05），中危组与低危组间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；0～2分患者血清hs—CEP平均水平随ABCD2分值增高呈轻度上升趋势，5～7分患者血清hs—CRP平均水平随ABCD2分值增高而增高，以7分者为最著。结论hs-CRP与TIA患者ABCD2评分正相关。