简介：Theconstructionofanecologicalcityhastwofounda-tionalplatforms:thesmallplatform,namelyurbandistrictorsimplycalledas'cityecosystem';andthebigplatform,namelyaroundcitydistrictincertainregionscopeoralsoreferredtoas'city-regionecosystem'.Theconstructionofanecologicalcitymustbelaunchedinthedualspatialcriteria:incity(urbandistrict)criterion—optimizingthecityecosystem;incity-region(cityterritory)criterion—optimizingthecity-regionecosystem.Luoy-anghasthebrightcharacteristicandthetypicalimagewithincitiesofChina,andevenintheworld.Theconstructionofanecologicalcityindualspatialcriteria—thecityandthecity-region—hasthevitalsignificancetourbanizationadvancementandsustainabledevelopmentinLuoyang.Incity-regioncriterion,theprimarymissionofLuoyang’secologicalcityconstructionistocreateafineecologicalenvironmentplatforminitscityterritory.Incitycriterion,thebasicdutyofLuoyang’secologiccityconstructionistoenhancetheecologicalcapacityandbenefitofthecentralcity.

简介：Ecologicalproductsbelongtopublicproducts.Accordingtothecharacteristicheterogeneityofpublicproducts,theycanbeclassifiedintopurepublicproductsandquasi-publicproductsincluding'common-poolgoods','clubgoods'and'conditionedgoods'.Guidedbythetheoryofpublicproductssupplyandbasedonnationalconditions,thispaperthinksthatanecologicalproductsupplymodelshouldbeformed,whichisledbythegovernmentandcoordinatedallocationofpublicresourcesbetweenthegovernmentandthemarketinChina.Someofthepurepublicgoodsaresuppliedbythegovernmentbythewayof'environmentalregulation+propertyrightsmarket'andecologicalcompensation;someofthequasi-publicgoodsaresuppliedbythemarketbythewayoffranchisingandecologicalpurchasing.

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简介：Integratingtheecologicalcivilizationconceptintomanyaspectssuchasenvironmentallegislationandjudicialenforcementisanimportantmeasureofconstructingecologicalcivilization.Ithasthreeaspects.Intheaspectofthelegislation,weshouldtaketheecologicalcivilizationconceptintotheenvironmentallegislationinordertoconstructperfectenvironmentallegislationinstitution,tostrengthenthecoordinationofenvironmentallegislationrelatedregulations,andthentoimprovetheoperabilityoftheenvironmentallegislation.Intheaspectoftheenvironmentaljudice,wemuststrengththeconstructionofenvironmentallegalinstitution,promoteestablishingenvironmentalcourts,strengththejudicialpersonnelconstructionandimprovethelevelofenvironmentaljustice.Intheaspectoftheenforcementofthelaw,wemustestablishenvironmentalmanagementinstitutionimmediately,i.e.,toestablishenvironmentaladministrativelawenforcementquestioningmode,andtostrengthcooperationbetweenenvironmentallawenforcementandenhancetheirlawenforcementresponsibility.

简介：Sustainabledevelopmentisoneofthemostimportantideas,andgoalsofourtime.Itisdefinedas'developmentwhichmeetstheneedsandaspirationsofthecurrentgenerationanddevelopssafeandsoundsocietyforfuturegeneration'.Achievingsustainabledevelopmentthusinvolvesavigorousandurgentdebateondifferentdimensions.Thedifferentdimensionsofsustainabilityasaframeworkinvolveallissuessuchasscience,technology,economicgrowthanddevelopment,health,education,financeinvestmentandtrade,politics,naturaldisasters,populationgrowthandterrorism,etc.Nosingledimensionisresponsibletodevelopsustainablesociety.Thisarticlemainlydescribedtheintegratedrelationshipamongthethreedimensionsofsustainability.

简介：Sincethereformandopeningup,urbandevelopmentinChinahasenteredaperiodofrapidprogress.Whilemakingsignificantachievements,urbanenvironmentalproblemssuchasairpollution,heatislandeffects,waterlossandsoilerosionhavebecomeincreasinglyprominent.TospeeduptheprocessofurbanizationinChina,newchallengeshavebeenimposedonurbanforestdevelopment,urbanenvironmentprotectionandecologicalurbandevelopment.AimedatecologicalandenvironmentproblemsexistinginurbandevelopmentinChina,summarizingChineseexperiencesandlearningfromothercountries,scientificallyplanningurbanforesttopromoteurbanecologicaldevelopment,improvingurbanforestecosystemtoassureurbanecologicalsafety,carryingonforestculturetodevelopurbanecologicalcivilization,havebecomethemaintasksanddirectionforurbanforestdevelopmentinChina.

简介：Watershedsprovideavarietyofecologicalservicesincludingsoilandwaterconservation,carbonsequestrationandbiodiversityprotection.However,activitiesinafast-growingeconomysignificantlyimpactthesupplyanddemandofthesewatershedservices.Tomitigatetheseimpacts,theconceptofpaymentforenvironmentalandecosystemservicesfromwater-shedshasemergedinglobalacademicandpolicycircles.ThegovernmentsandacademiccommunitiesinChinahaveincreas-inglydescribedpaymentsforecologicalservicesfromwatershedswiththeconceptofwatershedeco-compensationasitisurgenttoprotectwatershedecosystems.Watershedeco-compensationhasprovedtobeoneofthemosteconomicallyeffectivemeansofsolvingenvironmentalproblemsofwatershedstobeadoptedbytheChinesegovernment.ThispaperpresentsanobjectiveanalysisoftheChinesemarketforwatershedecosystemservices,includingsupplyanddemandfortheservices.ItalsosummarizesChinesepoliciesonwatershedeco-compensation,includingrelevantlawsandregulationsandfiscalpolicies.Inaddition,itpresentsare-viewofChinesepracticesinwatershedeco-compensation,in-cludingtheanalysisofanecologicalconstructionprojectinWest-ernChina,inter-provincialwatershedeco-compensationpracticesandplans,andpaymentforecologicalservicesattheprovincialandsmallwatershedlevels.Finally,itsummarizesthekeycom-ponentsoftheprocessofpaymentinChinesewatershedeco-compensation.Thisdiscussionformsthebasisofconcludingsuggestionsforecosystemservicescompensationandecologicalprotectioninthelargescaleriverbasin.

简介：利用生态脆弱度的灰色评判法建立了沙质荒漠化的干扰－应变关系，进而求算了不同荒漠化程度样地的生态脆弱度，结合气候、地貌、植被、土壤等特征指标对东北西部沙质荒漠化地区土地荒漠化作出评价：该区的土地沙质荒漠化可分为强度沙漠化、中度沙漠化、轻度沙漠化、微度沙漠化、潜在沙漠化五个级别，各等级及其相应的生态脆弱性、植被群落多样性、群落稳定性等指标可用于中小尺度的荒漠化土地评价图的绘制，其可作为土地荒漠化防治的重要理论依据．

简介：Underthenewnormaleconomy,themanufacturingindustryisdevelopingrapidlyasthefocusofeconomicdevelopmentinJiangsu.Itsrapiddevelopmenthasbroughtgreatopportunitiestooursociety,butatthesametime,greatchallengeshasbeenbroughttothenaturalenvironment.Theresourceconsumptionandenvironmentalpollutionproblemshavebecomeincreasinglyprominent.Inthefaceofthissituation,wemusttryeverymeanstoreducepollutionandsaveenergy.Therefore,thetransitiontrendofmanufacturingindustryinthefutureisboundtotakethegreeneconomyasthebackground.Thus,thispaperanalyzesthedrawbacksofthemanufacturingindustryinJiangsuprovince.Andthestatusoftraditionalmanufacturingenterprisesandadvantagesofgreenmanufacturingareanalyzed.Then,thepaperproposedtoexplorethepracticeofgreenmanufacturingmodefortheecologicalprotection,soastoachievetheindustrialtransformationandupgradingofmanufacturingindustryinJiangsuprovince.

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简介：TopromotetheecologicalcivilizationhasbeendeterminedasoneofthesignificantagendaforChina’sdevelopmentstrategy.However,theshortfalloffundingmighthindertheprogress.Therefore,newfinancingresourcesandchannelsareurgentlyrequired.Trusthasbeenseenasapopularinvestingandfinancinginstrumentduetoitscomprehensivebenefitssuchasequityrestricting,financialindependenceandcontinuity,etc.Iftrustcompaniesprovideservicestoenvironmentalprotectionandestablish"greentrust"or"greenfunds",itwouldfullywidenfinancingchannelofgreenindustryandcontributetoChina’ssustainabledevelopment.

简介：Thispapercalculatestheland(includingwaterarea)requirementforfoodconsumptioninbothbalancedandactualdietinChinabyecologicalfootprintanalysis.Todeterminewhetherlogicalandactualfooddemandsarewithinnaturalregenerativeability,carryingcapacity(excludingforestryproduction)isalsocalculated.Resultsshowthatactualdietpatternswereecologicallyfriendlyintheperiodof1982-2004inChina,mainlybecauseoftheruralmoderatedietpatterns.Butactualpercapitafootprintalreadyoverranitscorrespondinglogicvalueof0.976hainurbanareasin2002.ProductiveareasforfoodproductioncansatisfythelandrequirementforactualdietpatternsduringtheresearchingperiodinChina,neverthelesscannotsatisfythatforbalanceddietpatternorsolvetheproblemofunbalancedecologicalfootprint.ThecontinualrisingecologicalfootprintoffoodconsumptioninbothruralandurbanareasindicatesthatpercapitafootprintwillkeeponincreasinginChinaandevenmaybemorethanthesuggestedlogicvalueifnorelevantcountermeasuresaremadetoregulatedietpatterns.Strictlyspeaking,Chinaisfacingfoodshortage,bothinqualityandinquantity.

简介：Theecologicalcivilizationhealthquotientindexisputforwardcombinedwiththe"healthquotient"concepttoevaluatethehealthstateofecologicalcivilization.Thispaperhasconstructedtheindexsystemofecologicalcivilizationhealthquotientandquantitativelygoteachindexproportionofthesystemwithapplicationofanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP).Thevalueofecologicalcivilizationhealthquotientindexiscalculatedwiththefuzzyanalysismethod.Thehealthstateofecologicalcivilizationisjudgedbythepositiveandnegativeecologicalcivilizationhealthquotientindex.Thispaperhasselectedthedatafrom2009to2013tocalculatethewholehealthstatusofecologicalcivilizationofourcountry.Theconclusionisthatourcountryhadtransformedfromtheunhealthystatus(ecologicalcivilizationhealthquotientindexis-0.133)intothesub-healthstate(ecologicalcivilizationhealthquotientindexis0.191,butitsinternalrulelayersarenegative)duringthefiveyears.WeshouldconstructtheecologicalcivilizationmainlyfromtwoaspectsofresourceconservationandecologicalbehaviorcivilizationinthefuturetobuildabeautifulChina.

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简介：Inrecentyears,thefrequentoccurrencesofmarineoilspillshavealreadybecomeoneofthemajorreasonsthreateningthemarineecologicalsafetyofChina.Intheeventofoilspill,oth-erthantakingthenecessaryemergentmeasuresaimingspecificallyatthedamagetothemarineecologyandenvironment,usinglegalmeanstoassurethatthedamageliabilitiesarebornebytherespon-siblepersonstoprotectthenationalinterestsarealsoveryneces-sary.Thispaperadvancesfiverecommendationsregardingthedevelopmentofasystemforecologicallegalcompensationsfromthestandpointofthecurrentstatusoflegislationandexecutionofthelawsoncompensationofoilspillpollutingmarineecosystem.Thesefiverecommendationsinclude:determinationofthestatusofjuristicactioninmarineecologicalandenvironmentalcompen-sationsinaccordancewiththelaws,determinationofplaintiffofmarineecologicalandenvironmentalcompensationsinaccordancewiththelaws,determinationofthefourbasicprinciplesinthele-galactionsofmarineecologicalandenvironmentalcompensationsinaccordancewiththelaws,determinationofassessmenttechnicalstandardofmarineecologicalandenvironmentaldamagesinac-cordancewiththelaws,anddeterminationofthescopeofmarineecologicalandenvironmentalcompensationsinaccordancewiththelaws.

简介：Ecologicalcityistheadvancedmodeofharmoniousdevelopmentofcity.Constantimprovementisbeingmadeinthedevelopmentofecologicalcity.However,buildingecologicalcityisanenormousprojectthatcallsforahugeamountofcapital.Thegovernmentfundisfarfromadequate.Thispaperprobesintothefundissueanddiscussesindetailthemechanismofinvestmentandfinancinginbuildingecologicalcityfromvariousaspectssuchasdiversificationoftheinvestmentsubjectsandthemodesoffinancing.

简介：Thispaperestablishestheevaluationindexsystemofecologicalenvironmentandeconomicdevelopmentinresourceexhaustedcities,andcalculatesthelevelofeconomicdevelopmentandecologicalenvironmentduringtheyear2005-2012byusingtheentropymethod.Furthermore,thisstudyanalyzesthecoordinationdegreeandcoordinateddevelopmentdegreebyusingthecoordinationmodel.Theresultsshowthatthecoordinationrelationshipofeconomicdevelopmentandecologicalenvironmentcontinuestoimprovefrom2005to2012inmostoftheseresourceexhaustedcities.By2012,otherresourcedepletioncitiesareinallkindsofhierarchicalcoordinationexceptYichunandHegang.Fromthestandpointofcoordinationdevelopmentdegree,althoughmostoftheseresourceexhaustedcitieshavebeenincreasedcontinuouslybutthelevelisalsolowerexceptinTonglingandXinyu.Finally,thispaperputsforwardthecorrespondingcountermeasuresandsuggestionsaccordingtotheresultsoftheanalysis.

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