简介：AbstractBackgrounds:Previous surveys have found that children with iron deficiency (ID) were likely to suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). We aimed to assess the scientific evidence about whether ID is intrinsically related to ECC.Methods:The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and free words were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals from March 2020 to September 2020. Two researchers independently screened the articles. Data extraction and cross-checking were performed for the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:After excluding duplication and irrelevant literature, 12 case-control studies were included in the study. The meta-analysis demonstrated that children with ECC were more likely to have ID (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.85, 3.73], P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association found between the level of serum ferritin and ECC (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -5.80, 95% CI: [-11.97, 0.37], P= 0.07). Children with ECC were more likely to have iron-deficiency anemia (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: [2.41,3.11], P < 0.001). The hemoglobin (HGB) levels in the ECC group were significantly lower compared with that in the ECC-free group (WMD = -9.96, 95% CI: [-15.45, -4.46], P = 0.0004). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels in the ECC group were significantly lower compared with that in the ECC-free group (WMD = -3.72, 95% CI: [-6.65, -0.79], P= 0.01).Conclusions:ID was more prevalent in children with ECC, and the markers of iron status in the ECC group, such as serum ferritin, HGB, and MCV, were relatively lower than the ECC-free group.

简介：一个巢模型系统被把地区性的气候模型RegCM3嵌进一般发行量模型tbr构造在华东上的每月规模的地区性的气候预报。系统的错误为这个区域被提出根据10年(1991-2000)巢模型系统，并且气候预言中心(CPC)的数据集的结果合并了降水(CMAP)的分析和国家气象学的中心(NMC)的温度分析，美国，它然后被使用为时期2001-2005由系统改正原来的预报。在对为每月的降水和surthce空气温度的原来、改正的预报的评价以后，改正的预报比原版显然好，这被发现，建议途径能被申请改进每月规模的地区性的气候动态lbrecast。

简介：有从西方的辽宁省的Eosipterus的完模标本的新标本的比较显示Eosipterus是一个有效的类，它属于familyCtenochasmatidae。Eosipterus的修订诊断包括翅膀跨度是不到1.25meters，尺骨的长度翅膀方阵2将近等于这些并且胫骨，肱骨比胫骨，和比率长对胫骨中骨是约0.40。

简介：BackgroundAtrialfibrillation(AF)wasusedtobeconsideredasnongeneticsdisorder,butrecentstudieshaverevealedthatgeneticsvariantsconferredsusceptibilitytoAFdevelopment,butmostwithlimitedevidence.Inordertosystematicallyevaluatetheoverallcontributionsofgene-diseaseassociationstudiestocurrentunderstandingsofthegeneticsusceptibilitytoatrialfibrillation,weperformasystematicreviewandmeta-analysisbasedoncomprehensivesearches.MethodAllstudiesontheassociationsofgeneticsvariantswithAFriskwereidentifiedbysearchingthefollowingdatabases:Medline,Embase,BIOSIS,GlobalHealth,LILACSandCBMDisc.Oddsratios(CI)and95%confidenceintervals(CI)werecalculatedunderhomozygotecomparison(HC),dominantmodel(DM)andrecessivemodel(RM),respectively.ResultsAtotalof41studieson32genesand72polymorphismslocationswereidentified.ThesummaryORwasstatisticallysignificantassociationsin23(31.94%)singlenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs).Thegenesinrenin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem(RAAS)andionchannelswerethemostlystudied.FourSNPs(50.00%)inRAASgenesweresignificantlyassociatedwithAFsusceptibility:ACEI/D(HC:OR=1.53,95%CI:1.14-2.0DM:OR=1.47,95%CI:0.86-1.53;RM:OR=0.49,95%CI:0.41-0.59);AGTA-20C(HC:OR=1.56,95%CI:1.41-2.12);AGTM235T(HC:OR=2.37,95%CI:1.21-4.65).StatisticallysignificantassociationswerealsofoundinthefollowinggenesandSNPs:ABCA1G1051A,BCHEG1615A,CETPA1061G,I405V,TaqIB,CRPC1444T,EDN2A985G,eNOST-786C,IL-10T-819C,A-592C,MinKG38S,KCNH2rs1805120,Kir3.4C171T,G810T,MMP2C-1306T,FactorⅡG20210A,SCN5AH58R,SLC26A8I639V,G-proteinβ-subunitC825T,chromatosome4q25rs2200733andrs10033464.ConclusionsNearlyone-thirdofSNPswerestatisticallysignificantassociatedwithAFrisk,withvariantsinRAASgenesmosthighlysignificantassociation.Morestudiesonawiderangeofgenesaremerited.

简介：Inordertomakeamoreeffectiveuseofthedatafromregionaldigitalseismographnetworksandtopromotethestudyonshearwavesplittinganditsapplicationtoearthquakestressforecasting,SAMsoftwaresystem,i.e.,thesoftwareonsystematicanalysismethodofshearwavesplittinghasbeendeveloped.Thispaperintroducesthedesignaims,systemstructure,functionandcharacteristicsabouttheSAMsoftwaresystemandshowssomegraphicalinterfacesofdatainputandresultoutput.Lastly,itdiscussespreliminarilythestudyofshearwavesplittinganditsapplicationtoearthquakeforecasting.

简介：

简介：Background:Physicalactivity(PA)hasbeenshowntobenefitcognitivefunctioninolderadults.However,thecognitivebenefitsofexercisingforolderChineseadultshavenotbeensystematicallydocumented.ThisstudywastoconductasystematicreviewonevidencethatPAisbeneficialforcognitivefunctioninginolderChineseadults.Methods:Majordatabases,includingPubMed,EMBASE,CochraneLibrary,WanFang,CNKI,andVIP,weresearchedforstudiespublishedinEnglishorChinesebetweenJanuary2000andDecember2015.Randomizedandnon-randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTsandnon-RCTs),cohort,case-controlandcross-sectionalstudiesthatevaluatedPAandcognitivefunctionamongolderChineseadultswereincludedinthisreview.Results:Of53studiesincludedandreviewed,33wereobservational(22cross-sectional,7case-control,and4cohort)and20wereexperimental(15RCTs,5non-RCTs).Observationalstudiesshowedanassociationofreducedriskofcognitive-relateddiseases(i.e.,mildcognitiveimpairment,Alzheimer’sdisease,anddementia)throughPA,whereasexperimentalstudiesreportedexercise-inducedimprovementinmultipledomainsofcognitivefunction(i.e.,globalcognitivefunction,memory,executivefunction,attention,language,andprocessingrecourse).Conclusion:ThissystematicreviewprovidesinitialevidencethatPAmaybenefitcognitioninolderChineseadults.FurtherstudiesofindividualswithcognitiveimpairmentsandprospectiveandRCTstudieshavinghighscientificrigorareneededtocorroboratethefindingsreportedinthisreview.

简介：无

简介：AbstractBackground:Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control.Method:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021. Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies.Results:Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection (OR= 0.35, 95% CI: 0.27-0.44). The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage ≥ 80% than in IRS coverage < 80%. Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control. In addition, higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization.Conclusions:IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally. The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection. More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage, developing more effective new insecticides against malaria, and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.

简介：

简介：Toassessthepresenceofautoantibodiesagainstepitopesofheterogenousnuclearribonucleoprotein-Ⅰ(hnRNP-Ⅰ)insystematicsclerosis(SSc)andtoanalyzetheirclinicalsignificance,polypeptidesofhnRNP-ⅠweredesignedbybiologicaltechnicalsoftwareandanalyzedwithboththeWonderfulBiologyInformationSystemandDNAStar-ProteanAnalysisSoftwareatthesametime.Intheseways,twopolypeptidesofhnRNP-Ⅰwereobtainedbasedontheiraminoacidsequences,foldingfeatures,hydrophilic,curlstyle,doughkneadingsensationandthepossibilityonthesurfaceofproteins.TheyarenamedashnRNP-Ⅰ-1(NVKYNNDKSRDYTRPDLPSGDSQPSLDQT,264-292aa)andhnRNP-Ⅰ-2(QLP4REGQEDQGLTKDYGNSOL,441-461aa),simplydesignatedasⅠ-1andⅠ-2.TheautoantibodiesagainsthnRNPsweredetectedbymeansofELISAusingthesyntheticepitopespolypeptidesasantigen.Itwasfoundthatthepositiverateofdetectionforanti-Ⅰ-1andanti-Ⅰ-2autoantibodieswereratherhigherinSScpatientsthanthatinotherCTDsandthesensitivitiesandspecificitiesofthetestingwithELJSAforanti-Ⅰ-1andanti-Ⅰ-2antibodiesinSScpatientswere47.62%/93.43%and38.1%/91.08%,withoutanysignificantdifferencebetweenthesetwogroupsoftestings.Also,therewasnosignificantdifferenceintheclinicalfeaturesandlaboratoryfindings,suchasage,involvementsindigestiveandrespiratorytractsanderythrocytesedimentationrateetc.,betweentheanti-Ⅰ-1-positiveand-negativegroupsinSScpatients.However,thehnRNP-Ⅰ-autoantibody-positivegroupofpatientshadobviouslyshorterdurationofdiseasecoursecomparedwiththatoftheautoantibody-negativegroup.Anti-Ⅰ-1andanti-Ⅰ-2autoantibodiesalsohadnoassociationwithantinuclearantibody,anti-Scl70andanti-centromereantibody(ACA)inSScpatients.So,itisapparentthattheautoantibodiesrelatedwithSScmayactthroughdifferentpathwaysinthepathogenesisofSSc,andthehnRNP-Ⅰautoantibodyisanewtypeantibodyoccuringdu

简介：AbstractObjective:Labor is a complex process and labor pain presents challenges for analgesia. Epidural analgesia (EA) has a well-known analgesic effect and is commonly used during labor. This review summarized frequently encountered and controversial problems surrounding EA during labor, including the labor process and maternal intrapartum fever, to build knowledge in this area.Data sources:We searched for relevant articles published up to 2019 in PubMed using a range of search terms (eg, "labor pain," "epidural," "analgesia," "labor process," "maternal pyrexia," "intrapartum fever" ).Study selection:The search returned 835 articles, including randomized control trials, retrospective cohort studies, observational studies, and reviews. The articles were screened by title, abstract, and then full-text, with a sample independently screened by two authors. Thirty-eight articles were included in our final analysis; 20 articles concerned the labor process and 18 reported on maternal pyrexia during EA.Results:Four classic prospective studies including 14,326 participants compared early and delayed initiation of EA by the incidence of cesarean delivery. Early initiation following an analgesia request was preferred. However, it was controversial whether continuous use of EA in the second stage of labor induced adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes due to changes in analgesic and epidural infusion regimens. There was a high incidence of maternal pyrexia in women receiving EA and women with placental inflammation or histologic chorioamnionitis compared with those receiving systemic opioids.Conclusions:Early EA (cervical dilation ≥1 cm) does not increase the risk for cesarean section. Continuous epidural application of low doses of analgesics and programmed intermittent epidural bolus do not prolong second-stage labor duration or impact maternal and neonatal outcomes. The association between EA and maternal pyrexia remains controversial, but pyrexia is more common with EA than without. A non-infectious inflammatory process is an accepted mechanism of epidural-related maternal fever.

简介：Inthispaper,amathematicalmodelfortopologyoptimizationoftrussstructureswithconstraintsofdisplacementandsystemreliabilityundermultipleloadingcasesisconstructed.Inordertoavoidthedifficultyofcomputingthestructure’ssystemreliability,asolvingapproachispresentedinwhichthefailureprobabilityofsystemisdividedintothesumofallbars’failureprobabilitybymeansofreliabilitydistribution.Inaddition,bydrawingintothereliabilitysafetyfactorandthefundamen-talrelationshipinstructuralmechanics,allprobabilityconstraintsofdisplacementandstressareequiv-alentlydisplayedasconventionalformandlinearfunctionofthedesignvariables.Theoptimizationproblemwithmultipleconstraintsistreatedbythecompactconstrainttacticsandissolvedbytheim-provedsimplexmethod.Theexamplesshowthattheapproachproposedinthispaperisfeasibleandef-ficient.

简介：男割礼(MC)被报导减少人的乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)在人的流行。然而，功效仍然保持不精确。这研究的目的是进行系统的评论和元分析估计在MC和生殖器的HPV感染和生殖器的肉赘之间的关系。科学的PUBMED，EMBASE，和网从开始被寻找到2015年3月22日。我们识别了30份报纸，包括12149的一个总数割除并且与生殖器的HPV或生殖器的肉赘为割礼的协会被评估的12252个异教的人。与是的人相比，没割除的、割除的人可能有生殖器的HPV流行的显著地减少的机会(机会比率[或]：0.68；95%信心间隔[95%CI]：0.56-0.82)。在MC和新感染的生殖器的HPV获得之间没有重要协会(或：0.99；95%CI：0.62-1.60)，生殖器的HPV清理(或：1.38；95%CI：0.96-1.97)，并且生殖器的肉赘的流行(或：1.17；95%CI：0.63-2.17)。这元分析建议割礼减少生殖器的HPV感染的流行。然而，没有清楚的证据被发现那割礼与减少的HPV获得被联系，增加的HPV清理，或减少生殖器的肉赘的流行。更多的研究被要求足够地在HPV感染和生殖器的肉赘的流行的获得和清理上评估MC的效果。

简介：AbstractPurpose:Posterior fracture-dislocation of shoulder is an infrequent traumatic event; however, most orthopaedic surgeons may face the challenge of treating it. The aim of this study is to review and summarise systematically the current principles of the management of this complex injury, and create a treatment algorithm.Methods:Both PubMed and Scopus Databases were systematically searched for the terms "posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation" or "posterior glenohumeral fracture-dislocation" or "posterior glenoid fracture-dislocation" for articles written in English and published in the last decade.Results:A total of 900 articles were identified, of which 13 were retained for analysis. A total of 153 patients (161 shoulders) were identified. These patients were treated either with open reduction and internal fixation, modified McLaughlin procedure, allograft/autograft humeral head reconstruction or shoulder arthroplasty. The mean age was 40.15 years. The mean postoperative Constant score in cases treated by open reduction and internal fixation was 86.45, whereas by bone graft was 84.18. Further, the mean postoperative Constant score was between 79.6 and 67.1 in those that were managed by modified McLaughlin and arthroplasty procedure, respectively.Conclusion:The management of posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation may be challenging, and the best surgical option depends on many variables such as the chronicity of the injury, the presence of a fracture at the level of the surgical neck or tuberosities and the extend of the Hill-Sachs lesion if any. A treatment algorithm is proposed, based on the current literature in an effort to create a consensus for these injuries. For the acute shoulder fracture-dislocations, an open reduction should be performed. For the chronic fracture/dislocations in the elderly low-demand patients, conservative treatment should be performed. For the rest of the patients, depending on the severity of the Hill-Sachs lesion different surgical options are available such as the McLaughlin technique, the use of an allograft, osteotomy or arthroplasty.

简介：Membersoftheactivityofbc1complex(ABC1)familyareproteinkinasesthatarewidelyfoundinprokaryotesandeukaryotes.PreviousstudiesshowedthatseveralplantABC1genesparticipatedintheabioticstressresponse.Here,wepresentthesystematicidentificationofriceandArabidopsisABC1genesandtheexpressionanalysisofriceABC1genes.Atotalof15and17ABC1genesfromthericeandArabidopsisgenomes,respectively,wereidentifiedusingabioinformaticsapproach.Phylogeneticanalyseso...

简介：Background:Physicalactivity(PA)duringpregnancyprovidesphysicalandpsychologicalbenefitsformotherandchild.U.S.guidelinesrecommend≥30minofmoderateexerciseforhealthypregnantwomenmostdaysoftheweek;however,mostwomendonotmeettheserecommendations.Theoryassistsinidentifyingsalientdeterminantsofhealthbehaviortoguidehealthpromotioninterventions;however,theapplicationoftheorytoexaminePAamongpregnantwomenhasnotbeenexaminedcohesivelyamongmultiplelevelsofinfluence(e.g.,intrapersonal,interpersonal,neighborhood/environmental,andorganizational/political).Subsequently,thissystematicreviewaimstoidentifyandevaluatetheuseofhealthbehaviortheoryinstudiesthatexaminePAduringpregnancy.Methods:ArticlespublishedbeforeJuly2014wereobtainedfromPubMedandWebofScience.Inclusioncriteriaappliedwere:(1)empiricallybased;(2)peer-reviewed;(3)measuredfactorsrelatedtoPA;(4)comprisedapregnantsample;and(5)appliedtheory.Fourteenstudieswereincluded.Eachstudy'sapplicationoftheoryandtheoreticalconstructswereevaluated.Results:VarioustheorieswereutilizedtoexplainandpredictPAduringpregnancy;yet,themajorityofthesestudiesonlyfocusedonintrapersonalleveldeterminants.Fivetheoreticalframeworkswereappliedacrossthestudies—allbutoneattheintrapersonallevel.Fewdeterminantsidentifiedwerefromtheinterpersonal,neighborhood/environmental,ororganizational/politicallevels.Conclusion:ThissystematicreviewsynthesizedtheliteratureontheoreticalconstructsrelatedtoPAduringpregnancy.Interpersonal,community,andsocietallevelsremainunderstudied.Futureresearchshouldemploytheory-drivenmulti-leveldeterminantsofPAtoreflecttheinteractingfactorsinfluencingPAduringthiscriticalperiodinthelifecourse.

简介：摘要Background and purposeCarbon monoxide (CO) is a gas product of combustion, considered highly poisonous. Prolonged CO exposure is responsible for more than half of fatal poisonings and is also one of the leading causes of poisoning in Western countries. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of therapy with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) versus normobaric oxygen (NBO) in the setting of carbon monoxide poisoning (COP).MethodsWe independently searched the National Library of Medicine′s Medline (PubMed™), ScienceDirect™，and Scielo™ for any relevant studies published from 1989 to 2017, using the following keywords: hyperbaric therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, normobaric therapy, carbon monoxide poisoning, carboxyhemoglobin, Haldane effect. We analyzed the studies that suggested the effectiveness of HBO or NBO. Also，we searched for studies related to COP; including history，epidemiology (risk factors，incidence，demographics)，pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.ResultsSixty-eight articles were found, sixteen of which dealt with either HBO or NBO or both. Twelve suggested HBO as the treatment of choice in COP; four studies indicated that NBO was an adequate treatment due to its cost-effectiveness and availability in the emergency department (ED). HBO has been shown in several studies to be effective in moderate to high-risk COP situations, being the therapy of choice to avoid sequelae, especially neurologically.ConclusionNBO can be considered as a reasonable alternative due to its cost-effectiveness. The availability and understanding of different therapeutic interventions are critical in the management of patients with COP in ED and the Critical Care unit.

简介：AIM:ToperformaMeta-analysistoexplorethecorrelationbetweenmetabolicsyndromeandintraocularpressure(IOP).METHODS:WesearchedPubMedandEmbaseinNovember2017forstudiesdiscussingtherelationshipbetweenmetabolicsyndromecomponentsandIOPinpatients.Pearsoncorrelationcoefficients,oddsratiosandstandardizedbetaswereextractedfrominclusivestudies.Heterogeneityandpublicationbiaswerechecked.RESULTS:Of295articles,10metinclusioncriteriaandprovidedsufficientdataforMeta-analysis.ResultsshowedasignificantpositiverelationbetweenmetabolicsyndromeandIOP(Z=0.47,95%CI:0.15-0.79,P=0.005).Thefivecomponents[waistcircumference,hypertriglyceridemia,highbloodpressure,highfastingglucoseandlowhighdensitylipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol]ofmetabolicsyndromeallshowedpositivecorrelationwithIOPexceptthelowHDL-cholesterolwhichhadnostatisticalsignificance.ThepooledZwas0.08(95%CI:0.04-0.12),0.16(95%CI:0.11-0.21),0.16(95%CI:0.10-0.22),0.30(95%CI:0.20-0.40)and0.12(95%CI:0.08-0.16),respectively.Begg’stestandEgger’stestshowednoevidenceofsignificantpublicationbiasofthisMeta-analysis.CONCLUSION:OurfindingssuggestthatmetabolicsyndromeanditscomponentsaresignificantlyassociatedwithIOP,besidestheHDL-cholesterol.ThisassociationmaybeusedtocontrolIOPbyinterveningtheoccurrenceofmetabolicsyndrome.

简介：Background:TraditionalChinesesportsandphysicalactivities(PAs)havealonghistoryandarepracticedbymillionsofChinese.However,relativelyfewsystematicreviewsofthescientificevidencefortheirhealthbenefits,especiallyforolderChineseadults,havebeenundertaken.Evidenceacquisition:BetweenJanuaryandMarch2016,asystematicsearchwasconductedusingtheCNKIandPubMeddatabasestoidentifystudiespublishedbetween2000and2015.StudieswereselectedforreviewiftheyweredesignedspecificallytoevaluatethehealthbenefitsoftraditionalChinesesportsandPAsinadultsaged50yearsandolderintheMainlandofChina.Thestudiesincludedobservational,uncontrolled,andrandomizedandcontrolleddesigns.PaperspublishedwithoutanEnglishtitleorabstractwereexcluded.Evidencesynthesis:Theinitialsearchidentifiedatotalof229studies.Afterremovingduplicatesandstudiesthatdidnotmeettheinclusion/exclusioncriteria,95studieswereselectedforreview.Specialattentionwasgiventostudiesofthemostcommonlypracticedactivities:TaiJiQuan,Qigong,andYangkoexercises.Apositiveassociationbetweenthesetypesofexerciseandhealthbenefitswasnotedforhealthyolderadultsandthosewithchronicdiseases.Evidenceonothertypesofactivitieswaslessclearduetothelimitednumberofstudiesconducted.Conclusion:ThereispromisingevidencethattraditionalChinesesportsandPAsprovidemanyhealthbenefitsforolderChineseadults.Whileadditionalscientificallyrigorousresearchiswarranted,promotingthesetraditionalandculturally-basedsportsandPAsasformsofbehavioralmedicineinprimaryandsecondarypreventionofdiseasesamongtheagingChinesepopulationwillhelpfulfillanurgentpublichealthneed.