简介:ThetermhybridwarfarewasfirstcoinedbyUSmilitaryscholarsandlaterwidelyadoptedintheWesttorefertoRussianmilitaryoperationsintheUkrainianandSyriancrises.InRussia,itiscalled'Gerasimovism'.RussiaadaptedtheideaofhybridwarfareforitsmilitaryoperationsinUkraineandSyriaintoaRussian-stylehybridwarfarethathasseensuccessfulresultssofar.Thismodelislikelytoimpactfuturemilitarydevelopments.
简介:由生命周期评价(LCA)的申请方法论,这份报纸估计生产的环境影响和在中国在电的车辆使用的拖拉马达的处理。结果证明拖拉马达生产和处理的全部的精力使用,标准排出物和温室气体(GHG)排出物是大约2,899,MJ,4.5,kg并且259.5,kg每分别地交通。在调整排出物之中,SOx排放由全部的质量评价第一,由公司,PM10,没有x,PM2.5,和不稳定的有机化合物(VOC)列在后面。为大多数精力消费和排出物的马达材料生产阶段报道,由集会阶段和end-of-life处理列在后面舞台。在这研究,环境表演分析为材料生产阶段被扩大到在第二等的材料和主要材料的使用之间的比较。用100%,第二等的材料与百分之百主要的材料的使用相比在GHG排出物在精力消费,在调整排出物的49.8%减小,和49.3%减小导致52.9%减小,这被发现。
简介:PROGRESSESOFTHESTUDYONIMPACTSOFCLIMATECHANGEONAGRICULTURALPRODUCTIONINCHINA¥WangFutang(王馥棠)PROGRESSESOFTHESTUDYONIMPACTSOFCLI...
简介:Aquaticvegetationplaysanimportantroleintheflowstructureofopenchannelsandthuschangesthefateandthetransportofsediment.Thisarticleproposesathree-dimensionalturbulencemodelbyintroducingvegetationdensityanddragforceintothecontrolequationsofwaterflowinthepresenceofvegetation.Themodelwasusedtocalculatetheimpactsofsubmergedvegetationontheverticalprofilesoflongitudinalflowvelocities,thechangesofthedepth-averagedflowvelocitiesinacompoundchannelwithemergentvegetationinthefloodplain,theremovalofsuspendedsedimentfromthechannelsbyemergentvegetation,andthebedchangesaroundandinavegetatedisland.Numericalinvestigationsshowthataquaticvegetationretardsflowinthevegetationzone,reducesthesedimenttransportcapacity,andcontributestoerosiononbothsidesofthevegetatedisland.Calculatedresultsagreewellwithexperimentalresults.
简介:TheimpactsofclimatechangeonChina'sagriculturearemeasuredbasedonRicardianmodel.Byusingcounty-levelcross-sectionaldataonagriculturalnetrevenue,climate,andothereconomicandgeographicaldatafor1275agriculture-dominatedcountiesintheperiodof1985-1991,wefindthatbothhighertemperatureandmoreprecipitationwillhaveoverallpositiveimpactonChina'sagriculture.However,theimpactsvaryseasonallyandregionally.Highertemperatureinallseasonsexceptspringincreasesagriculturalnetrevenuewhilemoreprecipitationisbeneficialinwinterbutisharmfulinsummer.Applyingthemodeltofiveclimatescenariosinthe2020sand2050sshowsthattheNorth,theNortheast,theNorthwest,andtheQinghai-TibetPlateauwouldalwaysbenefitfromclimatechangewhiletheSouthandtheSouthwestmaybenegativelyaffected.FortheEastandtheCentralChina,mostscenariosshowthattheymaybenefitfromclimatechange.Inconclusion,climatechangewouldbebeneficialtothewholeChina.
简介:Thesustainableuseofrenewableresourceshasbecomeanimportantissueworldwideinthemovetowardsalessfossil-fuel-intensivefuture.Mainstreammethodforfulfillingthisaimistoincreasetheshareofrenewableenergyandmaterialstosubstitutefossilfuelsandtobecomefullyindependentfromfossilfuelsoverthelong-term.However,theenvironmentalsustainabilityofthisendeavorhasbeenquestioned.Inaddition,economicandsocialsustainabilityissuesarealsomuchdebatedtopicsinthisparticularcontext.Forestresourcesareoftenthoughttocontributepartiallytoachievingaso-called'carbon-neutralsociety'.Inthisreview,wediscusssustainabilityissuesofusingforestbiomass.Wepresentseveralsustainabilityindicatorsforecological,economicandsocialdimensionsanddiscusstheissuesinapplyingtheminsustainabilityimpactassessments(SIAs).WealsopresentanumberoftoolsandmethodspreviouslyusedinconductingSIAs.WeapproachourstudyfromtheperspectiveoftheFinnishforestry;inaddition,variousaspectsregardingtheapplicationofSIAsinabroadercontextarealsopresented.Oneofthekeyconclusionsofthestudyisthatalthoughsufficientdataareavailabletomeasuremanyindicatorsaccurately,theimpactsmaybeverydifficulttoassess(e.g.impactofgreenhousegasesonbiodiversity)forconductingaholisticSIA.Furthermore,someindicators,suchas'biodiversity',aredifficulttoquantifyinthefirstplace.Therefore,amixofdifferentmethods,suchasMulti-criteriaAssessment,Life-cycleAssessmentorCost-BenefitAnalysis,aswellasdifferentapproaches(e.g.thresholdsandstrong/weaksustainability)areneededinaggregatingtheresultsoftheimpacts.SIAsareimportantinsupportingandimprovingtheacceptabilityofdecision-making,butacertaindegreeofuncertaintywillalwayshavetobetolerated.
简介:Theimpactsofthethickness,thespecificacousticimpedanceandthemechanicallossfactorofthebackingontheperformanceofthethicknessmodepiezoelectrictransduceraresystemicallystudied,whicharefocusedontheeffectiveelectromechanicalcouplingcoefficientandthemechanicalqualityfactornearthecenterfrequency.Theresultsshowthatwithcontinuousincreasingofthebackingthickness,theeffectiveelectromechanicalcouplingcoefficientandthemechanicalqualityfactorarefoundrapidlydeclinedbyoscillationway.Withtheincreaseofthedifferencevalueoftheacousticimpedancebetweenthebackingmaterialandthepiezoelectricmaterial,theeffectiveelectromechanicalcouplingcoefficientdeceasesandthemechanicalqualityfactorincreases.Underconditionthatthethicknessofthepiezoelectricmaterialisfixed,theeffectiveelectromechanicalcouplingcoefficientisfounddeclinedwiththeincreaseofthemechanicallossfactorbymonotonousway.Themechanicalqualityfactorhasminimumvalueandtheelectriccharacteristiccurvetendstobesmoothinagivenfrequencyrange.Theequivalentcircuittheoryresultisingoodagreementwiththeonesbyfiniteelementmethodandtheexperimentalresults.Theworkmentionedaboveprovidesatheoreticalguidanceforthedesignandexperimentalfabricationofthethicknessmodepiezoelectrictransducer.
简介:TheimpactoforbitalparametersontheclimateofChinaintheHoloceneissimulatedfrom11kaBPto0kaBPwithanintervalof1kausingNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(NCAR)CommunityAtmosphereModelversion2(CAM2).Thegeographicdistributionsofsummerprecipitationaroundboth9kaBPand4kaBPwererealisticallycapturedbyCAM2,comparedtotheproxydatacollectedfrom80stations.Amongallorbitalparameters,theprecessionplaysamajorroleincomputingsolarradiation,whichdominatesthevariationsofsummerprecipitationoverChinaduringtheHolocene.Thesummersaround9kaBPwerethewettestinChina.Lateron,theprecipitationgraduallyreducedtotheminimumaround0kaBPbyabout10%.ThistremendouschangeoccurredfromtheNortheastChinaandtheeasternInnerMongoliaextendingsouthwestwardstotheQinghai-TibetPlateau,especiallyovertheQinghai-TibetPlateau.
简介:SuburbanizationinlargecitiesisanimportantphenomenonintheprocessofurbanizationdevelopmentinChinainrecentdecades,whichplaysaveryimportantroleinpromotingcitydevelopment,whereassomesideeffectsontheeco-environmentappearedatthesametime.Thispaper,takingXi'anCityinChinaasacasestudysite,analyzedthefeaturesofpopulationsuburbanizationandindustrysuburbanizationandpointedouttheimpactsofsuburbanizationonurbaneco-environment.Basedontheresearch,suggestionsofcountermeasuresforurbanplanningandmunicipalmanagementofXi'anCityinprotectingurbaneco-environmentandconservingnaturalecologywereputforwardintheend.
简介:AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has evolved rapidly over the last 40 years, offering hope to individuals and couples struggling with infertility. As technology continues to evolve, simulating a realistic female reproductive system environment has become a common goal for all types of ARTs, thereby reducing the impact of the artificial microenvironment on perinatal and offspring health. In this review, we provide a brief history of the development of each major ART and discuss the impact of ART on perinatal and offspring health. We also explore how the negative consequences of ART may be overcome and how its benefits can be maximized.
简介:AtthestartofournewJournalofBiosafety,IwaspromptedbymyCo-Editors-in-Chief,ProfessorWanandProfessorYou,toprovideregularreviewsorupdatesonbiosafetyforourreaders,giventhatImostlyresideoutsideChina,andhavemanyinternationalconnections.Thatisaverybigtask,andIwasnotsurethatIcoulddoitasthejournaldemands.However,Ihadthoughtthatinalighterway,IcouldattempttopresentmythoughtsonsomeissuesthatIfeelareofimportancetoday.Chinaisveryquicklyopeningtotheworld,economically,scientifically,andinmanyotherfields,andformanycolleaguesinsideandoutsideChina,thisisanewsituation.Duringmycareer,IhaveworkedinseveralcountriesofEurope,inNewZealand,andhadprojectsonothercontinents.Thisgavemeexperiencesindifferentpartsofourglobe,andIfeelthatallofus,ecologists,havetostartthinkingmorewidely,andbeawareofdevelopments,especiallyofhumanimpacts,onfarawayplaces.Somyviewwhenwritingtheseessayswilltrytobebothlocalandglobal.ThereforeIhavechosentheoveralltitleforthisseriesofessays'Thoughtsofatravellingecologist'.Belowyouwillbeabletoreadthefirstone-Ihopeyouwillenjoythem.Ifyoufeelliketoadd,orcommentonmyessays,pleasefeelfreetodoso.Anyfeedbackwillbemostwelcome.
简介:TheimportanceofsolvingtheemploymentproblemsbynongovernmentaleconomyinChinahasarousedtheconcernofmanyscholarswidely.However,fewliteraturescouldbefoundtodealwiththeimpactsonnonagriculturalemploymentgrowthinChinabynongovernmentaleconomyfromseverallevelssuchasthewholenation,urbanandrural.Basedontheresearchaccessedontherelationshipsbetweennongovernmentaleconomyandem-ployment,theimpactsofthedevelopmentofnongovernmentaleconomyonnon-agriculturalemploymentgrowthinChinaareemphasizedinthispaper.Takingtimeseriesdataofnon-agriculturalemploymentinChina’sdifferenteconomytypesin1992–2005asstudyobjects,byestablishingeconometricre-gressionmodels,somemeaningfulpointsarefoundasfollows,theimpactsofnongovernmentaleconomyonthenonagriculturalemploymentineithernationalorurban-rurallevelarerathersig-nificantalthoughtheirimpacts’degreesaredifferent.Basedontheresearchfindingsabove,somecountermeasuresareproposedtoacceleratethenongovernmentaleconomicdevelopmentandim-proveitsabilitytoabsorbnonagriculturalemployment.
简介:Two-dimensionalhydrodynamicsimulationfortheYangtzeEstuaryisperformedbyusingtheDelft3Dmodeladoptingtheshallowwaterequationsandthefinitevolumemethodonacurvilinearbody-fittedgrid.Themodeliscalibratedandvalidatedusingavailabletidaldataandfieldmeasurements.Thevelocityvectorfields,thetidallevels,thetrajectoriesofdroguesandthefarfieldsewagedilutionfromtheexistingandproposedoutfallsarestudiedforthespring/neaptideandthedry/wetseason.Theresultsshowthatthetidalcurrentsandtherunoffflowareabletodiluteanddispersethesewagefromtheoutfallstotheoutersea.ThesewagedilutioncontoursundervarioushydrodynamicconditionsindicatethatthedischargedeffluentatpresenthaverelativelyminorimpactonthewaterenvironmentoftheYangtzeEstuary;whereastheplannedsewageplanwouldsignificantlydeterioratethewaterqualityoftheestuaryintheabsenceofanytreatment,especiallyduringtheneaptideofdryseason.ThedroguetrackingshowsthattheeffluentfromthefourouffallswillbetransporteddownstreamtotheHangzhouBay.Astudyonthepollutionduetotheprojectandtheself-purificationcapacityofHangzhouBayisproposedinadditiontothatoftheYangtzeEstuary.
简介:PhasecompositeanalysesareconductedtoinvestigatethepossibleeffectoftheMadden–Julianoscillation(MJO)onthespringrainfallanomaliesinEastChinabyusingtheReal-timeMultivariateMJO(RMM)indexfromAustralianMeteorologicalBureau.Theresultsshowthattherainfallanomaliesoverthemid-andlower-valleyofYangtzeRiverarepositivewhentheMJOshiftseastwardtothemid-andeastern-IndianOcean,andanomalousprecipitationoverSouthChinaarepositivewhentheMJOmovesfurthereastwardtothemaritimecontinent,whereasspringrainfallanomaliesoverEastChinaarenegativeintheotherMJOepisodes.TheMJOimpactsontheprecipitationoverEastChinaresultfromthechangesinlarge-scaleatmosphericcirculationaswellasvorticityandwatervaportransportationinthemid-andlower-troposphere.
简介:AspecialinterpolationprogramGREENhasbeendevelopedtodeterminetheclimaticparametersforthedistributionregionofChinesepine(PinustabulaeformisCarr.)basedontheresearchesonthedistributionofthetreespecies.Thecentralregion,whichisthemostsuitabledistributionregion,andpotentialdistributionregionofthespeciesundercurrentclimaticconditionsweremappedusingaGeographicInformationSystemIDRISI.Accordingtotheaveragedpredictionsby5GCMsfor2030,aprojecti...