简介：ＵｐｐｅｒｍａｎｔｌｅｆｌｏｗｂｅｎｅａｔｈｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｉｔｓｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓＪＩＡＮ－ＨＵＡＨＵＡＮＧＩ（黄建华）；ＸＩＡ－ＨＵＡＣＨＡＮＧＩ（常筱华）ａｎｄＲＯＮＧ－ＳＨＡＮＦＵＩ傅容珊）（...

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简介：Itisaverycomplicatedproblemtoestimateevapotranspiration(ET)overalargeareaoflandsurface.Inthispaper,theevapotranspirationestimationmodelsfordensevegetationandbaresoilarepresented,basedontheinformationofparameterslikevegetationcover-degreeandsurfacealbedo.Combinedwithvegetationcover-degreedata,amodelforregionalevapotranspirationestimationovertheheterogeneouslandscapeisderived.ThroughacasestudyusingremotesensingdataoverNorthwestChina,theaccuracyofthemodelforregionalevapotranspirationestimationischecked.Theresultshowsthattheaccuracyofthemodelissatisfactory.ThefeaturesofevapotranspirationoverNorthwestChinaarealsodiscussedwiththeapplicationofthemodel.

简介：西北中国包括XinjiangUgyur自治区域，Qinghai省，Gansu省，NingxiaHui自治区域和Shaanxi省，盖住308x10~4km~2。它位于温暖适度的地区，气候干旱或半干旱。降水是很少见的，但是蒸发极其高。气候是干燥的，水资源是缺乏的，theeco环境是易碎的，并且水资源的分发是不平的，降水是唯一的输入，并且蒸发是内陆河，和猛冲里的唯一的输出，在这个区域，与对方一起的表水和地下水变化为多次，它有益于水资源的存储和利用。在这个区域的平均降水是232公里，全部的降水数量是7003x10~8m~3/a，表水资源是1891x10~8m~3/a，全部的自然地下水资源是1150x10~8m~3/a，全部的有效水分资源是438x10~8m~3/a，和全部的水资源是8m~3/a和人均的水资源是的1996x10~2278m~3/a。整个区域的水资源是5.94x10~4m~3/(a.km~2)，仅仅是在中国的五分之一个平均值。现在，有效水分资源是876x10~8m~3/a，地下水在之中是贴近的130x10~8m~3/a。

简介：作为一个参数，那把岩石的热传播性质描述，热电导率为学习沉积的盆的热政体是不可缺少的，并且检索热电导率的高质量的数据是地热的相关研究的基础。光扫描方法这里被使用从Tarim盆，有在中国的丰富的烃潜力的最大的intermontane盆，和修正为可变的孔的碎屑状的岩石样品被做的水浸透测量745件练习核心样品的热传导性。所有测量的值，在这个区域与以前出版的数据结合了，是综合的讨论控制在盆影响岩石的热传导性的因素的分发特征和专业。我们的结果证明岩石的热电导率的价值通常从1.500～3.000W/m?8

简介：Theverticalmotionsandsecondarycirculationofanexplosivelydeepeningoceaniccyclone,whichoc-curredovertheNorthwestPacificOceanandwasinconjunctionwith200hPa-leveljetstreamandhascentralpressurefallsof33.9hPa/24h,havebeencomputedfromseven-levelnonlinearbalancemodelandSaw-yer-Eliassen-Shapiroequationforthetransverseageostrophiccirculation.Theverticalmotionsarepartitionedintocontributionsfromlarge-scalelatentheatrelease,effectofcumulusheating,thermaladvection,differen-tialvorticityadvection,etc.,whilethesecondarycirculationstreamfunctionispartitionedintocontributionsfromgeostrophicdeformation,transferofmomentumandheatintheareaofcumulusanddiabaticheating.Theprincipalresultsarethefollowing.Large-scalelatentheatreleaseisverycrucialtotheexplosivede-velopmentofcyclones.Ifthereisenoughtransferofmoisture,thepositivefeedbackprocessbetweenascentofairandlarge-scaleheatingwouldwork.Thecumulusheatingandthetransferofmomentumandheatintheareaofcumulusplayanimportantroleduringtheexplosivelydeepeningstage.Thermaladvectionistheinitialtriggeringconditionforlarge-scaleheatingandtheconditionalinstabilityfortheconvectionofcumulus.

简介：喷雾器(n=27)的每日的样品在Fukang从9月21日被收集到2013年10月4日(44.17

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简介：统计、典型年的作文方法被用来与ElNino和LaNifia事件在关系学习西北太平洋台风活动。结果显示台风趋于在ElNifio年里不活跃并且在拉·尼娜年和它里活跃也依赖于事件的发作和台风的开始的区域。与在频率和海面温度(SST)之间的ElNifio和拉·尼娜年和时间落后关联里的台风活动的频率的统计特征。有用信息被为台风出现的预言提供。另外，单个价值拆卸(SVD)方法被使用学习在重力势领域和SST地之间的关联。结果证明在ElNino年里的由空至海的联合是相反的让台风发展，它与一个更小的数字发生。相反的状况与拉·尼娜年被发现。

简介：气候变化和水资源问题是国际社区的普通担心的全球问题，并且他们是在西北中国的干旱区域影响eco环境和持续社会经济的开发的主要瓶颈。根据从以前的研究的结果，这份报纸指出西北中国的唯一的风景增加气候系统的复杂性和无常。这篇论文在这个区域在社会经济的开发和生态的安全分析关键限制，在西北中国在水资源上讨论气候变化的影响，鉴别普通主题和在关于气候的研究在场的主要问题在干旱西北区域改变并且流水资源，并且最后，基于在区域水资源上进行研究的重要性和紧急，建议需要被探讨的科学问题：首先，形成，变换和在这个区域的水资源的未来趋势上的气候变化的影响；第二，高分辨率的地区性的气候模型和水周期的双向联合干旱区域陆地表面模式当模特儿；第三，气候变化的影响和干旱西北区域的水资源上的人的活动。通过上面的考虑和讨论，这篇论文寻求进一步澄清关于在西北中国压与气候变化和水资源有关的问题的研究的特定的区域，改变并且流水缺乏以便为显著地提高我们的能力对气候作出回应建立一个稳固的科学基础。

简介：洪水，干旱，下得很大的冰雹，和在从1949～2012的Xinjiang的低温度事件的数据与散开方法被分析在Xinjiang估计灾难的最普通的类型的风险。学习区域的气象学的灾难的频率和紧张显示出与全球温暖联系的一个增加的趋势，这被证明。在灾难的四种类型之中，超过干旱的概率最大，接着由下得很大的冰雹，低温度和洪水列在后面。而且，小浪方法分析表明自从2000，更大的摆动发生了，它可以与极端气候的变化的出现被联系。频率的空间分发表明Tianshan山的北斜坡是一个多重灾区，Tianshan的南部的斜坡是更多的洪水和下得很大的冰雹发生的区域，并且Turpan-Hami盆的西方是区域风是流行的。在影响灾难的区域和相应气象学、社会经济的索引之间的关系也被分析。它显示除了谷物面积，在影响的区域和最气象学、社会经济的指示物之间有重要积极关联。

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简介：I.HumanRightsEducationandTraining1.OverviewTheNorthwestUniversityoPoliticalScienceandLawisadiversifieduniversity,highlightinglawaswellascoveringphilosophy,economics,literature,management,artandengineering.Itisanimportantbasefotraininglegalprofessionalsaswellasacenterforlegaleducation,researchandinformationinNorthwestChina.The

简介：InancientChina,thecompositionofatypicalfamilywasbasicallythesameasthecompositionofthenation.Familes,mostscholarssuggest,composedthebackboneofancientChinesesociety;thatculturewasfamilycentered,andtheminoritypeopleshelpedfromthefoundationuponwhichsocietywasbuilt.Thatisnotnecessarilythecase,butthesuggestionputsforwardtheconceptthatthefamilyunitwasthemainfeatureofancientChinesecultureandsociety.

简介：WestudiedthestatesofrareearthelementsinoreoftheXianglushanrareearthdeposit.Rareearthoresamplesweretestedandexaminedbyscanningelectronmicroscope,electronprobe,andchemicalleaching.Noindependentrareearthmineralsweredetectedbyscanningelectronmicroscope.Elementsdetectedbytheelectronicprobefortheinsitumicro-zoneofthesampleincluded:O,Al,Si,Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti,K,Na,S,Cl,C,Cu,Cr,V,andPt.Rareearthelementswerenotdetectedbyelectronprobe.(NH4)2SO4,(NH4)Cl,NaCl,andH2SO4wereusedasreagentsinchemicalleachingexperimentsthateasilyleachedoutrareearthelementsundertheactionof10%reagent,indicatingthattherareearthelementsinorearemainlyintheionicstateratherthanpresentasrareearthminerals.

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简介：南部的Junggar盆(西北中国)的中央区域是在这含石油的盆的一个关键探索目标。因为有四，潜力的集合采购岩石(例如，二叠，侏罗记，白垩纪和Paleogene定序)，石油移植和累积是多半复杂的。这研究代表一次尝试理解这复杂性以便为未来提供基本信息地区性的石油探索和地质的研究。基于石油地质学和地球化学，主要有烃的三种类型，这被暗示，包括采购白垩纪、采购Paleogene的油(与是主导的前者)并且采购侏罗记的气体。石油迁居和累积主要盖住三个阶段。第一个阶段是早更新世，采购白垩纪的油在移居并且积累的迟了的时期。然后，在第二个阶段(从到迟了的更新世的早时期的中间的更新世的迟了的时期)，和采购Paleogene的油，采购白垩纪的油参予迁居和累积。最后，最后迟了的更新世，油再迁移的大数量并且积累，与沿着差错移居积累的气体(特别采购侏罗记的气体)。因此，在区域的石油费用事件是复杂的，反映石油移植和累积上的复杂构造进化的控制。

简介：Thisstudyexaminestheimpactsofland-usedataonthesimulationofsurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinabytheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model.InternationalGeosphere-BiosphereProgram(IGBP)land-usedatawith500-mspatialresolutionaregeneratedfromModerateResolutionImagingSpectroradiometer(MODIS)satelliteproducts.ThesedataareusedtoreplacethedefaultU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)land-usedataintheWRFmodel.BasedonthedatarecordedbynationalbasicmeteorologicalobservingstationsinNorthwestChina,resultsarecomparedandevaluated.ItisfoundthatreplacingthedefaultUSGSland-usedataintheWRFmodelwiththeIGBPdataimprovestheabilityofthemodeltosimulatesurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinainJulyandDecember2015.Errorsinthesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperaturearereduced,whiletheresultsvarybetweenseasons.Thereissomevariationinthedegreeandrangeofimpactsofland-usedataonsurfaceairtemperatureamongseasons.UsingtheIGBPdata,thesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinJuly2015improvesatarelativelysmallnumberofstations,buttoarelativelylargedegree;whereasthesimulationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinDecember2015improvesatalmostallstations,butonlytoarelativelysmalldegree(within1℃).MitigationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureoverestimationinJuly2015isinfluencedmainlybythechangeingroundheatflux.ThemodificationofunderestimatedtemperaturecomesmainlyfromtheimprovementofsimulatednetradiationinDecember2015.

简介：UtilizingtheJointTyphoonWarningCenter(JTWC)andTokyo-TyphoonCenteroftheJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMARSMCTOKYO)best-tracktropicalcyclone(TC)datafortheperiod1951-2014,variationsinspatialandtemporalcharacteristicsofNorthwestPacificTCactivityforaglobalwarmingscenarioarediscussed.Theresultssuggestthatsincetheearly1960s,therehasbeenanoveralldecreasingtrendinthefrequencyofoccurrence,intensity,peakintensity,lengthofmovement,andlifetimeofTCs.However,globalwanninghasledtoalinearlyincreasingtrendinTCactivityineasternAsia,whichindicatesthatNorthwestPacificTCactivitydecreases,butthefrequencyoflandfallsandintensityarelikelystrengthened.Therefore,thethreatofTCstowardseasternAsiaisenhanced.TheincreaseinTCactivityineasternAsiaislikelytheresultofastrengthenedWalkercirculationduetoanincreasingtemperaturegradientbetweenthenorthwestPacificOceanandthecentralandeasternPacificOcean.ThestrengtheningWalkercirculationcouldincreasethemagnitudeoftheverticalwindshear,relativevorticity,andmeridionalwindshearoflow-leveleasterliesneartheequatorinthetropicalNorthwestPacific,whichaffectsthespatialandtemporalvariationsofTCactivityintheNorthwestPacific.

简介：CombinedwithTRMMproductsandTropicalCyclone(TC)besttrackdatainNorthwestPacificfrom1January2003to31December2009,atotalof118TCs,including336instantaneousTCprecipitationobservationsareestablishedastheTRMMTCdatabase,andthedatabaseisstratifiedintofourintensityclassesaccordingtothestandardofTCintensityadoptedbyChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA):SevereTropicalStorm(STS),Typhoon(TY),SevereTyphoon(STY)andSuperTyphoon(SuperTY).ForeachTCsnapshot,themeanrainfalldistributioniscomputedusing10-kmannulifromtheTCcentertoa300-kmradius,thentheaxisymmetriccomponentofTCrainfallisrepresentedbytheradialdistributionoftheazimuthalmeanrainrate;themeanrainrates,raintypesoccurrenceandcontributionproportionarecomputedforeachTCintensityclass;andthemeanquadrantaldistributionofrainratesalongTCsmotionisanalyzed.Theresultshowsthat:(1)TCsmeanrainratesincreasewiththeirintensityclasses,andtheirradialdistributionsshowsingle-peakcharacteristicgradually,andfurthermore,thecharacteristicsofrainratesoccurrenceandcontributionproportionchangefromdual-peaktosingle-peakdistribution,withthepeakrainrateatabout5.0mm/h;(2)Stratiformraindominatetheraintypeintheanalysiszone,whileconvectiverainmainlyoccurredintheeye-wallregion;(3)ThevaluesofmeanrainrateineachquadrantalongTCsmotionareclosetoeachother,relatively,thevalueintheright-rearquadrantisthesmallestone.