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简介：Liverinjuryisacharacteristicfeatureofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)infection,whichisthesecondmostcommoncauseofmortalityinHIV-infectedpatients.NowitisrecognizedthatliverplaysakeyroleinHIVinfectionpathogenesis.Antiretroviraltherapy(ART),whichsuppressesHIVinfectioninpermissiveimmunecells,islesseffectiveinhepatocytes,therebymakingthesecellsasilentreservoirofHIVinfection.InadditiontodirecthepatotoxiceffectsofHIV,certainARTtreatmentmodalitiesprovidehepatotoxiceffects.TheexactmechanismsofHIV-triggeredchronichepatitisprogressionarenotelucidated,buttheliverisadverselyaffectedbyHIV-infectionandlivercellsareprominentlyinvolvedinHIV-elicitedinjury.Theseeffectsarepotentiatedbysecondhitslikealcohol.Here,wewillfocusontheincidenceofHIV,clinicalevidenceofHIVrelatedliverdamage,interactionsbetweenHIVandlivercellsandtheroleofalcoholandco-infectionwithhepatotropicvirusesinliverinflammationandfibrosisprogression.

简介：neovascularization的形成是许多眼睛的脉管的疾病的一个普通病理学的特征，并且是在病人的视觉损失的一个重要原因。Neovascularization能引起网膜的出血，玻璃的出血，和另外的严肃的复杂并发症，导致视觉的损失。intraocularneovascularization的治疗是眼科学研究的焦点。在最近的年里，一些研究发现了autophagy是仔细与脉管的endothelial生长因素和neovascularization的形成有关。Autophagy被期望为intraocularneovascularization的治疗成为一个新目标。因此，这篇文章在autophagy和intraocularneovascularization的形成上考察研究。

简介：Anovelopticaltestingtarget(OTT)withthreedegreesoffreedom(DOFs)isproposedformeasuringthetrackingperformanceofaphotoelectrictheodolite.Themaincomponents,suchastheazimuthaxissystem,thepitchingaxissystem,thelinearmotionsystem,andthesimulatedtargetgenerator,aredesigned.Furthermore,thelinearmodulewiththeformofalarge-spanandlow-stiffnesscantileverbeamisstrengthenedusinganintegratedoptimizationmethod.Afterthestructureisstrengthened,the1st-ordernaturalfrequencyincreasesfrom14Hzto32Hz.Finally,afunctionaltestisperformedandtheresultsshowthatcomparedwithatraditionalopticaltesttarget,thesimulatedtargetgeneratedbythenoveltargetisadvantageousinpractice.

简介：Anovelefficienttrackinitiationmethodisproposedfortheharshunderwatertargettrackingenvironment(heavyclutterandlargemeasurementerrors):tracksplitting,evaluating,pruningandmergingmethod(TSEPM).Trackinitiationdemandsthatthemethodshoulddeterminetheexistenceandinitialstateofatargetquicklyandcorrectly.Heavyclutterandlargemeasurementerrorscertainlyposeadditionaldifficultiesandchallenges,whichdeteriorateandcomplicatethetrackinitiationintheharshunderwatertargettrackingenvironment.Therearethreeprimaryshortcomingsforthecurrenttrackinitiationmethodstoinitializeatarget:(a)theycannoteliminatetheturbulencesofcluttereffectively;(b)theremaybeahighfalsealarmprobabilityandlowdetectionprobabilityofatrack;(c)theycannotestimatetheinitialstateforanewconfirmedtrackcorrectly.Basedonthemultiplehypothesestrackingprincipleandmodifiedlogic-basedtrackinitiationmethod,inordertoincreasethedetectionprobabilityofatrack,tracksplittingcreatesalargenumberoftrackswhichincludethetruetrackoriginatedfromthetarget.Andinordertodecreasethefalsealarmprobability,basedontheevaluationmechanism,trackpruningandtrackmergingareproposedtoreducethefalsetracks.TSEPMmethodcandealwiththetrackinitiationproblemsderivedfromheavyclutterandlargemeasurementerrors,determinethetarget’sexistenceandestimateitsinitialstatewiththeleastsquaresmethod.What'smore,ourmethodisfullyautomaticanddoesnotrequireanykindmanualinputforinitializingandtuninganyparameter.Simulationresultsindicatethatournewmethodimprovessignificantlytheperformanceofthetrackinitiationintheharshunderwatertargettrackingenvironment.

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简介：Taylorimpactisawidelyusedstrategyinwhichaflat-nosedprojectileisfiredontoarigidanvildirectlytodeterminethedynamicstrengthofrodspecimens.Nowadays,therigidanvilisoftenreplacedbyanoutputtargetbartoensuretheaccuracyofmeasurementviarecordingstrainsignalsintheoutputbar.Fortestingthedynamicstrengthoflow-densitymaterials,alow-impedancetargetbar,whichexhibitsviscoelasticcharacteristicsisoftenemployed.Inthispaper,anextendedTaylormodelisproposedtoimprovetheidealizationoftreatingthetargetbarasperfectlyrigidmaterialintheclassicTaylormodel,andtheviscoelasticeffectofthetargetbarisincorporated.Theviscoelastictargetbarisdepictedbytwoelasticspringsandonedashpot.Basedontheplasticshockwavetheoryintheflat-nosedprojectileassociatedwiththeviscoelasticwaveanalysisinthetargetbar,theviscoelasticeffectofthetargetbarontheimpactresponseoftheflat-nosedprojectileisinvestigated.Thefiniteelementsimulationisalsocarriedouttoverifythetheoreticalmodel,andgoodagreementisfound.ThepresenttheoreticalmodelisalsocalledtheTaylor-cylinderHopkinsonimpact,whichprovidesamoreaccuratewaytoidentifythedynamicmaterialparameters.Thedynamicresponsesofthepresentmodelarefurthercomparedwithpreviouselasticandrigidtargetbarmodels.ItisfoundthattheviscoelasticeffectofthetargetbarshouldbetakenintoconsiderationintheTaylor-cylinderHopkinsonimpacttestforlow-impedancematerials.

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简介：Gastrointestinal(GI)cancerisoneofthemostcommoncausesofcancer-relateddeathsworldwide.Tumormarkersarevaluableindetectingpost-surgicalrecurrenceorinmonitoringresponsetochemotherapy.PyruvatekinaseisoformM2(PKM2),aglycolyticenzymecatalyzingconversionofphosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)topyruvate,confersagrowthadvantagetothetumorcellsandenablesthemtoadapttothetumormicroenvironment.Inthisreview,wehavesummarizedcurrentresearchontheexpressionandregulationofPKM2intumorcells,anditspotentialroleinGIcarcinogenesisandprogression.Furthermore,wehavealsodiscussedthepotentialofPKM2asadiagnosticandscreeningmarker,andatherapeutictargetinGIcancer.

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