简介:Anewdual-fluidmodelconsideringphasetransitionandvelocityslipwasproposedinthispaperandtheCunninghamcorrectionwasusedinthedropletresistancecalculation.Thisdual-fluidmodelwasappliedtothenumericalsimulationsofwetsteamflowina2DLAVALnozzleandintheWhitecascaderespectively.Theresultsoftwosimulationsdemonstratethatthemodelisreliable.Meanwhile,thespontaneouscondensingflowinWhitecascadewasanalyzedanditinfersthattheirreversiblelosscausedbycondensationaccountsforthelargestshare(about8.78%ofinlettotalpressure)intotalpressurelosswhilethelosscausedbyvelocitysliptakesthesmallestshare(nearly0.42%),andanotherpartoftotalpressurelosscausedbypneumaticfactorscontributesalesssharethancondensation,i.e.almost3.95%ofinlettotalpressure.
简介:Wastebiomassisalwaysgeneratedduringtheproductionprocessinindustries.Theordinarywaytogetridofthewastebiomassistosendthemtolandfillorburnitintheopenfield.Thewastemaypotentiallybeusedforco-firingwithcoaltosavefossilfuelconsumptionandalsoreducenetcarbonemissions.Inthiscasestudy,thebio-wastefromaNicotianaTabacum(NT)pre-treatmentplantisusedasthebiomasstoco-firewithcoal.ThesamplesofNTwasteswereanalysed.Itwasfoundthatthewasteswereoftherelativelyhighenergycontentwhichweresuitableforco-firingwithcoal.ToinvestigatethepotentialandbenefitsforaddingNTwastestoaFluidisedBedCombustion(FBC)boilerintheplant,detailedmodellingandsimulationarecarriedoutusingtheEuropeanCoalLiquefactionProcessSimulationandEvaluation(ECLIPSE)processsimulationpackage.ThefeedstockblendingratiosofNTwastetocoalstudiedinthisworkarevariedfrom0%to30%.TheresultsshowthattheadditionofNTwastesmaydecreasetheemissionsofCO2andSOxwithoutreducingtheboilerperformance.
简介:CuO-CeO2catalystswerepreparedbyaureaprecipitationmethodfortheoxidativesteamreformingofethanolatlow-temperature.Thecatalyticperformancewasevaluatedandthecatalystswerecharacterizedbyinductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemissionspectroscopy,X-raydiffraction,temperature-programmedreduction,fieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopyandthermo-gravimetricanalysis.OverCuOCeO2catalysts,H2withlowCOcontentwasproducedinthewholetestedtemperaturerangeof250–450C.Thenon-noblemetalcatalyst20CuCeshowedhigherH2productionratethan1%Rh/CeO2catalystat300–400Candtheadvantagewasmoreobviousafter20htestingat400C.TheseresultsfurtherconfirmedthatCuO-CeO2catalystsmaybesuitablecandidatesforlowtemperaturehydrogenproductionfromethanol.