简介:AftermeetingsoftheUNMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)in2010,especiallytheRio+20SummitonSustainableDevelopment,therehavebeenincreasinglyfrequentdebatesonthepost-2015internationaldevelopmentagenda(hereinafterreferredtoas"thepost-2015agenda").FromMaytoJuly2013,theUNreleasedthreekeyreportsonthisissue.1InSeptember,the68thUNGeneral
简介:Endothelialprogenitorcellsareresidentinthebonemarrowbloodsinusoidsandcirculateintheperipheralcirculation.Theymobilizefromthebonemarrowaftervascularinjuryandhometothesiteofinjurywheretheydifferentiateintoendothelialcells.Activationandmobilizationofendothelialprogenitorcellsfromthebonemarrowisinducedviatheproductionandreleaseofendothelialprogenitorcell-activatingfactorsandincludesspecificgrowthfactorsandcytokinesinresponsetoperipheraltissuehypoxiasuchasafteracuteischemicstrokeortrauma.Endothelialprogenitorcellsmigrateandhometospecificsitesfollowingischemicstrokeviagrowthfactor/cytokinegradients.Somegrowthfactorsarelessstableunderacidicconditionsoftissueischemia,andsyntheticanaloguesthatarestableatlowpHmayprovideamoreeffectivetherapeuticapproachforinducingendothelialprogenitorcellmobilizationandpromotingcerebralneovascularizationfollowingischemicstroke.
简介:Siliconcarbidefiber/siliconcarbidematrix(SiCf/SiC)compositesareofinterestasafuelcladdingandstructuralmaterialindesignsofadvancednuclearreactorduetotheirsuperiorthermo-mechanicalpropertiesandstabilitiesandlowcross-sectionforneutroncaptureunderthesevereserviceenvironmentincludinghightemperatureandhighenergyneutronbombardment.SiCf/SiCcompositionsconsistsofSiCfiberandSiCmatrixwhichexistinwellover100polymorphsdependentonthevariedstackingofSi-Cclose-packedatomicplanes,2H-SiC,4H-SiC,6H-SiC,3C-SiC,15R-SiC,etc.EnergeticHeatomscanbecreatedandaccumulatedvianuclearreactions.HeatomsagglomerateandcoarsenintoHebubblesandcandeterioratestructuralpropertiesbyinducingcrackandcreep.Inthisexperiment,thedamageofn-type4H-SiCwafers(researchstandard,suppliedbytheCreeResearchInc.)withathicknessof0.38mmimplantedwith100keVHe+toafluenceof31016He+/cm2andpost-implantation-annealedbehavioratdifferenttemperaturewerestudiedusingRamanscatteringspectroscopy.
简介:Objective:Toclarifytheprognosticvalueofpost-treatment18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)positronemissiontomography(PET)/computedtomography(CT)inpatientswithadvancedheadandnecksquamouscellcarcinoma(HNSCC)aftercombinedintra-arterialchemotherapyandradiotherapy(IACR).Methods:Thirty-sixpatientswithHNSCCwhounderwentIACRwererecruited.TheperiodfromtheendofIACRtothelastpost-treatment18F-FDGPET/CTexaminationwas8-12weeks.Bothpatient-basedandlesion-basedanalyseswereusedtoevaluatethePET/CTimages.Forlesion-basedanalysis,36regions(12lesionsofrecurrencesand24scarsatprimarysites)wereselected.TheKaplan-Meiermethodwasusedtoassesstheoverallsurvival(OS)stratifiedby18F-FDGuptakeorvisualinterpretationresults.Results:TwelvepatientswithrecurrencewereidentifiedbysixmonthsafterIACR.Thesensitivityandspecificityinthepatient-basedanalysiswere67%(8/12)and88%(21/24),respectively.ThemeanOSwasestimatedtobe12.1months(95%CI,6.3-18.0months)forthehighermaximumstandardizeduptakevalue(SUVmax)group(n=7)and44.6months(95%CI,39.9-49.3months)forthelowerSUVmaxgroup(n=29).OSinthehigherSUVmaxgroup(cut-offpoint,6.1)orpositivevisualinterpretationgroupwassignificantlyshorterthanthatinthelowerSUVmaxornegativevisualinterpretationgroup(P<0.001andP<0.05,respectively).Conclusions:TheSUVmaxandvisualinterpretationofHNSCConpost-IACR18F-FDGPET/CTcanprovideprognosticsurvivalestimates.